References
- Lawrence , R. J. 1965 . Social Work in Australia , Edited by: Lawrence , R. J. Canberra : ANU Press . (Editor and compiler), Norma Parker's Record of Service, A.A.S.W., Universities of Sydney and New South Wales, 1969. R. J. Lawrence, “Australian Social Work: In Historical, International and Social Welfare Context”, in “Social Work in Australia: Responses to a Changing Context”, Ed. P. Boas, J. Crawley, Australian International Press, 1976
- ibid., p. 27 .
- Santayana G. , Life of Reason , 1905 .
- Boreham P. Pemberton A. Wilson P. , The Professions in Australia , a Critical Appraisal. Uni. Queensland Press , 1977 “We may conclude that there has been a rapid expansion of professional occupations in the past decade and that the subjective and the material status of these occupations has been increasing disproportionately compared with the remainder of the work force. The backgrounds of those who are able to become professionals have not broadened significantly, however, the professional faculties still draw overwhelmingly from males of high status family and educational backgrounds. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the professions are dominated by politically and socially conservative males. It does strike us as some-what surprising, however, that the authority accorded to professional judgement in a wide range of socially important matters is seldom questioned with respect to the backgrounds of those making the judgements.” (p. 6.)
- Huntington , J. 1977 . Social Work and General Medical Practice . Community Health Studies , 1 ( 1 )
- Rapoport L. , Social Casework: An Appraisal and an Affirmation , Smith College Studies in Social Work , June , 1969 .
- ibid., p. 215 .
- Baker R. , Whither Bureaucracy? In Occassional Papers, No. 3 Bureaucracies , University of New South Wales , 1978 .
- Pearson G. , Social Work as a Privatised Solution to Public Ills , British Journal of Social Work , 3 , No. 2 , 1973 .
- Bailey R. Brake M. , Radical Social Work , Edward Arnold , 1975 , p. 9 .
- Siporin M. , Introduction to Social Work Practice , McMillan Pub. Co. , 1975 , pp. 117 – 135 “Practice theory in Social Work is a distinctive cognitive framework, with explicit concepts, propositions and principles . . . Much of this knowledge exists, as we have recognised in the form of ‘practice wisdom’ rather than in a codified scientifically tested form. Yet this paradigm of practice expresses the profession's conception of its societal purposes, its value commitments and its knowledge. It has much knowledge power and is directly influential in enabling the practitioner to describe, explain and direct his functions and activities, as well as the activities of others who are joined with him in the change process.”
- Baker R. , Building and Implementing Unitary Social Work Practice: A Personal Account. Paper presented in Brisbane, 31.3.78, at a workshop on unitary social work. “Theory for practice” represents the wide range of theory that practitioners use which is derived from the physical, psychological and social sciences. “Practice theory” represents the frameworks of intervention created by social workers for social workers whether these are method, multimethod or unitary models. They are unique to social work practice.
- Baker , R. 1976 . The Multirole Practitioner in the Generic Orientation to Social Work Practice . British Journal of Social Work , 6 ( 3 )
- Briar S. , “Effective Social Work Intervention in Direct Service: Implications for Education” , in Facing the Challenge, Briar S. et al. C.S.W.E. , 1973 .
- Fischer , J. 1973 . Is Casework Effective? A Review . Social Work , 18 ( 1 ) : 5 – 20 .
- Siporin , op. cit., p. 343 “The direct social services have been most severely attacked, and as much by social workers as by others. Briar, Fischer, Segal and others have contended that research on direct service interventions or casework, particularly of a long term psychoanalytic orientation, has not demonstrated their effectiveness. However these criticisms have been based on highly questionable and illogical standards and procedures. Actually there is good research evidence for the effectiveness of casework, social treatment for psychotherapy, even with the findings that some clients get worse and some therapists do more harm than good.” N. Timms, Research into Social Work, British Journal of Social Work, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1971 .
- Rapoport , op. cit., p. 217 .
- Mullen E. J. Dumpson J. R. , Evaluation of Social Intervention , Jossey Bass , 1972 .
- ibid., p. 10 .
- Polansky N. , Beyond Despair , in Khan A. J. (ed.), “Shaping the New Social Work” , Columbia University Press , 1973 .
- Brake , Bailey . 1975 . Social Work: Radical Essays , Edited by: Throssell , H. Queensland Uni. Press . op. cit., P. Leonard, Comment, Social Work Today, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1974. This writer argues strongly for “a political programme for social workers which aims to educate, combine, and campaign, must be based on a view of men and women which sees in us all the potential to transform the social world and the institutions within it; it must combat with radical hope, the fatalistic despair about change which is so favourable to the continuation of that poverty, exploitation and underprivilege which social workers face in their daily work”
- Tomlinson J. , Is Band Aid Social Work Enough? Wobbly Press , 1977 .
- Clarke , M. 1976 . The Limits of Radical Social Work . British Journal of Social Work , 6 ( 4 ) : 504 – 505 . The categories he identifies are: 1. Those who are disorientated and helpless having suffered one or a number of disasters. 2. Those whose disasters are “chronic” and who have suffered disadvantage from childhood. 3. Those who have physical or psychological deficits which permanently impair their social functioning.4. Those whose difficulties derive from dysfunctions in state welfare machinery. Clarke argues that a radical approach is able to promote change in the fourth category but hardly in the others. And he goes on to make the point that: “It is, of course, possible to argue that there are none who are fundamentally incompetent and that the inadequacies are all those of social conditions; but this comes perilously close to maintaining that an agency which simply seeks to support a client and accepts his position as irremed able and aims only to make it tolerable, thereby colludes in and perpetuates his oppression and immiseration, and in doing so saps his will and ability to maintain his rights.”
- Raser J. , “Predictions and Proposals” , in Social Work in Australia: Responses to a Changing Context , (Ed.) Boas P. Crawley J. , Aust. Int. Press , 1976 .
- Tripodi , T. , Fellin , P. , Epstein , I. and Lind , R. , eds. 1977 . Introduction to Social Work Practice: Social Workers at Work , 2nd Ed. , 2 – 61 . Peacock . for articles on the nature of professionalism and the issues involved. H. Specht, The De-Professionalisation of Social Work, Social Work, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1972, pp. 3–15.“The outcome of the downgrading of professionalism need not necessarily be feared and may prove to have felicitous consequences for social welfare services and the people who benefit from them.”