Infection induced defence responses in sorghum, with special emphasis on accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell wall modifications

References

• Able , A J . 2003 . Role of reactive oxygen species in the response of barley to necrotrophic pathogens . Protoplasma , 221 : 137 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan , A C and Fluhr , R . 1997 . Two distinct sources of elicited reactive oxygen species in tobacco epidermal cells . Plant Cell , 9 : 1559 – 1572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida , J M , Fidalgo , F , Confraria , A , Santos , A , Pires , H and Santos , I . 2005 . Effect of hydrogen peroxide on catalase gene expression, isoform activities and levels in leaves of potato sprayed with homobrassinolide and ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells . Funct Plant Biol , 32 : 707 – 720 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alscher , R G , Erturk , N and Heath , L S . 2002 . Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants . J Exp Bot , 53 : 1331 – 1441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apel , K and Hirt , H . 2004 . Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction . Annu Rev Plant Biol , 55 : 373 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asada , K . 1999 . The water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons . Annu Rev Plant Phys , 50 : 601 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babitha , M P , Bhat , S G , Prakash , H S and Shetty , H S . 2002 . Differential induction of superoxide dismutase in downy mildew-resistant and –susceptible genotypes of pearl millet . Plant Pathol , 51 : 480 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basavaraju , P , Shetty , N P , Jørgensen , H JL , de Neergaard , E and Shetty , H S . Infection biology and accumulation of active oxygen species in compatible and incompatible interactions between sorghum and Colletotrichum sublineolum. Paper presented at: Plant Biotechnology in India . Osmania University , India. Osmania University .
   Google Scholar
• Basavaraju , P , Shetty , N P , Kini , K R , de Neergaard , E , Shetty , H S and Jørgensen , H JL . Colletotrichum sublineolum infection induces oxidative cross-linking of cell wall hyroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) in sorghum . Paper presented at: 8th Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology and British Society for Plant Pathology Presidential Meeting 2006 . KVL , Denmark. at KVL .
   Google Scholar
• Bindschedler , L V , Dewdney , J , Blee , K A , Stone , J M , Asai , T , Plotnikov , J , Denoux , C , Hayes , T , Gerrish , C , Davies , D R , Ausubel , F M and Bolwell , G P . 2006 . Peroxidase-dependent apoplastic oxidative burst in Arabidopsis required for pathogen resistance . Plant J , 47 : 851 – 863 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolwell , G P and Wojtaszek , P . 1997 . Mechanisms for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence – a broad perspective . Physiol Mol Plant P , 51 : 347 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolwell , G P , Bindschedler , L V , Blee , K A , Butt , V S , Davies , D R , Gardner , S L , Gerrish , C and Minibayeva , F . 2002 . The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: a three-component system . J Exp Bot , 53 : 1367 – 1376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler , C , Van Montagu , M and Inze , D . 1992 . Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance . Annual Rev Plant Phys , 43 : 83 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Bradley , D J , Kjellborn , P and Lamb , C J . 1992 . Elicitor and wound induced oxidative cross-linking of a praline-rich plant cell-wall protein: a novel, rapid defence response . Cell , 70 : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brisson , L , Tenhaken , R and Lamb , C . 1994 . Function of oxidative cross-linking of cell wall structural proteins in plant disease resistance . Plant Cell , 6 : 1703 – 1712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownleader , M , Byron , O , Rowe , A , Trevan , M , Welham , K and Dey , P . 1996 . Investigation in to the molecular size and shape of tomato extension . Biochem J , 320 : 577 – 583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casela , C R , Santos , F G and Ferreira , A S . 2001 . Reaction of sorghum genotypes to the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola . Fitopathologia Brasileira , 26 : 197 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Centis , S , Dumas , B , Fournier , J , Marolda , M and Esquerré-Tugayé , M-T . 1996 . Isolation and sequence analysis of CLPG1, a gene coding for an endopolygalacturonase of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Gene , 170 : 125 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaky , J , Anderson , K , Moss , M and Vaillancourt , L . 2001 . Surface hydrophobicity and surface rigidity induce spore germination in Colletotrichum graminicola . Phytopathology , 91 : 558 – 564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , C C , Lee , W C , Guo , W Y , Pan , S M , Chen , L J , Li , H M and Jinn , T L . 2005 . A copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase that confers three types of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity in Arabidopsis . Plant Physiol , 139 : 425 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coego , A , Ramirez , V , Ellul , P , Mayda , E and Vera , P . 2005 . The H2O2-regulated Ep5C gene encodes a peroxidase required for bacterial speck susceptibility in tomato . Plant J , 42 : 283 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cona , A , Rea , G , Botta , M , Corelli , F , Federico , R and Angelini , R . 2006 . Flavin-containing polyamine oxidase is a hydrogen peroxide source in the oxidative response to the protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin in Zea mays L . J Exp Bot , 57 : 2277 – 2289 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dean , D , Goodwin , P H and Hsiang , T . 2005 . Induction of glutathione S-transferase genes of Nicotiana benthamiana following infection by Colletotrichum destructivum and C. orbiculare and involvement of one in resistance . J Exp Bot , 56 : 1525 – 1533 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deising , H B , Werner , S and Wernitz , M . 2000 . The role of fungal appressoria in plant infection . Microbes Infect , 2 : 1631 – 1641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desikan , R , Reynolds , A , Hancock , J T and Neill , S J . 1998 . Harpin and hydrogen peroxide both initiate programmed cell death but have differential effects on gene expression in Arabidopsis suspension cultures . Biochem J , 330 : 115 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doke , N . 1983 . Involvement superoxide anion generation in the hypersensitive response of potato tuber tissues to infection with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans and to the hyphal wall components . Physiol Plant Pathol , 23 : 345 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Dufresne , M , Perfect , S , Pellier , A-L , Bailey , J A and Langin , T . 2000 . A GAL4-like protein is involved in the switch between biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of the infection process of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on common bean . Plant Cell , 12 : 1579 – 1589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan , M J , Wang , Z-Y , Jones , M A , Smirnoff , N and Talbot , N J . 2007 . Generation of reactive oxygen species by fungal NADPH oxidases is required for rice blast disease . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 104 : 11772 – 11777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erpelding , J E and Prom , L K . 2006 . Variation for anthracnose resistance within the sorghum germplasm collection from Mozambique, Africa . Plant Pathol J , 5 : 28 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Foyer , C H , Descouuvriers , P and Kunert , K J . 1994 . Protection against oxygen radical: an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants . Plant Cell Environ , 17 : 507 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Limones , C , Hervás , A , Navas-Cortés , J A , Jiménez-Díaz , R M and Tena , M . 2002 . Induction of an antioxidant enzyme system and other oxidative stress associated with compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris . Physiol Mol Plant P , 61 : 325 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Muniz , N , Martinez-Lzquierdo , J P and Puigdomenech , P . 1998 . Induction of mRNA accumulation corresponding to a gene encoding a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein by fungal elicitors . Plant Mol Biol , 38 : 623 – 632 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilchrist , D G . 1998 . Programmed cell death in plant disease: the purpose and promise of cellular suicide . Annu Rev Phytopathol , 36 : 393 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , P H , Li , J and Jin , S . 2001 . A catalase gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae is highly expressed during the necrotrophic phase of infection of round-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla . FEMS Microbiology Letters , 202 : 103 – 107 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grant , J J and Loake , G J . 2000 . Role of reactive oxygen intermediates and cognate redox signaling in disease resistance . Plant Physiol , 124 : 21 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , M , Brown , I , Adams , S , Night , M , Ainslie , A and Mansfield , J . 2000a . The RPM1 plant disease resistance gene facilitates a rapid and sustained increase in cytosolic calcium that is necessary for the oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death . Plant J , 23 : 441 – 450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardham , A R . 2007 . Cell biology of plant-oomycete interactions . Cell Microbiol , 9 : 1 – 39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heath , M C . 2000 . Hypersensitive response-related death . Plant Mol Biol , 44 : 321 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirasawa , K , Amano , T and Shioi , Y . 2005 . Effects of scavengers for active oxygen species on cell death by cryptogein . Phytochemistry , 66 : 463 – 468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , L-D and Backhouse , D . 2005 . Induction of defence responces in roots and mesocotyls of sorghum seedlings by inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum, wounding and light . J Phytopathol , 153 : 522 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Hückelhoven , R . 2007 . Cell wall-associated mechanisms of disease resistance and susceptibility . Annu Rev Phytopathol , 45 : 101 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hückelhoven , R and Kogel , K-H . 2003 . Reactive oxygen intermediates in plant-microbe interactions: Who is who in powdery mildew resistance? . Planta , 216 : 891 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hückelhoven , R , Dechert , C , Trujillo , M and Kogel , K-H . 2001 . Differential expression of putative cell death regulator genes in near isogenic, resistant and susceptible barley lines during interaction with the powdery mildew fungus . Plant Mol Biol , 47 : 739 – 748 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jabs , T , Tschöpe , M , Colling , C , Hahlbrock , K and Scheel , D . 1997 . Elicitor-stimulated ion influxes and O2 − from the oxidative burst are essential components in triggering defense gene activation and phytoalexin synthesis in parsley . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 94 : 4800 – 4805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , M , Kawakita , K , Maeshima , M , Doke , N and Yoshioka , H . 2006 . Subcellular localization of Strboh proteins and NADPH-dependent O2-generating activity in potato tuber tissues . J Exp Bot , 57 : 1373 – 1379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh , S and Somerville , S . 2006 . Show and tell: cell biology of pathogen invasion . Curr Opin Plant Biol , 9 : 406 – 413 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kramer-Haimovich , H , Servi , E , Katan , T , Rollins , J , Okon , Y and Prusky , D . 2006 . Effect of ammonia production by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on pelB activation, pectate lyase secretion, and fruit pathogenicity . Applied Environ Microbiol , 72 : 1034 – 1039 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , J , Hückelhoven , R , Beckhove , U , Nagarajan , S and Kogel , K-H . 2001 . A compromised Mlo pathway affects the response of barley to the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) and its toxins . Phytopathology , 91 : 127 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuźniak , E and Skłodowska , M . 2004 . The effect of Botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves . J Exp Bot , 55 : 605 – 612 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuźniak , E and Skłodowska , M . 2005 . Fungal pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant systems of leaf peroxisomes from infected tomato plants . Planta , 222 : 192 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb , C and Dixon , R A . 1997 . The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance . Annu Rev Plant Mol Biol , 48 : 251 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb , C J , Lawton , M A , Dron , M and Dixon , R A . 1989 . Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack . Cell , 56 : 215 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , A , Tenhaken , R , Dixon , R and Lamb , C . 1994 . H2O2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response . Cell , 79 : 583 – 593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang , Y , Hu , F , Yang , M and Yu , J . 2003 . Antioxidative defenses and water deficit-induced oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing on non-flooded paddy soils with ground mulching . Plant Soil , 257 : 407 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo , S-C and Nicholson , R L . 1998 . Reduction of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in inoculated sorghum leaves . Plant Physiol , 116 : 979 – 989 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo , S-C , De Verdier , K and Nicholson , R L . 1999 . Accumulation of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and resistance to Colletotrichum sublineolum in sorghum . Physiol Mol Plant P , 55 : 263 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , J A . 1998 . Plant pathology and plant pathogens , (Oxford : Blackwell) .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , A M , Staples , R C and Gil-ad , N L . 2001 . Mechanism of survival of necrotrophic fungal plant pathogens in host expressing the hypersensitive response . Phytochemistry , 58 : 33 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazau , D and Esquerré-Tugayé . 1986 . HRGP accumulation in the cell walls of plants infected by various pathogens . Physiol Mol Plant P , 29 : 147 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta , P J , Wiltse , C C , Rooney , W L , Collins , S D , Frederiksen , R A , Hess , D E , Chisi , M and TeBeest , D O . 2005 . Classification and inheritance of genetic resistance to anthracnose in sorghum . Field Crop Research , 93 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellersh , D G , Foulds , I V , Higgins , V J and Heath , M C . 2002 . H2O2 plays different roles in determining penetration failure in three different plant-fungal interactions . Plant J , 29 : 257 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendgen , K and Hahn , M . 2002 . Plant infection and establishment of biotrophy . Trends Plant Sci , 7 : 352 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miguel , E , Poza-Carrion , C , Lopez-Solanilla , E , Aguillar , I , Lama-Palacios , A , Garcia-Olmedo , F and Rodriguez-Palenzuela , P . 2000 . Evidence against a direct antimicrobial role of H2O2 in the infection of plants by Erwinia chrysanthemi . Mol Plant Microbe Int , 13 : 421 – 429 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mittler , R , Feng , X and Cohen , M . 1998 . Post-transcriptional suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase expression during pathogen-induced programmed cell death in tobacco . Plant Cell , 10 : 461 – 474 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittler , R , Herr , E H , Orvar , B L , van Camp , W , Willekens , H , Inzé , D and Ellis , B . 1999 . Transgenic tobacco plants with reduced capability to detoxify reactive oxygen intermediates are hypersensitive to pathogen infection . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 96 : 14165 – 14170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münch , S , Lingner , U , Floss , D S , Ludwig , N , Sauer , N and Deising , H B . 2008 . The hemibiotrophic lifestyle of Colletotrichum species . J Plant Physiol , 165 : 41 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson , R L and Moraes , W BC . 1980 . Survival of Colletotrichum graminicola: Importance of the spore matrix . Phytopathology , 70 : 255 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson , R L , Kollipara , S S , Vincent , J R , Lyons , P C and Cadena-Gomez , G . 1987 . Phytoalexin synthesis by the sorghum mesocotyl in response to infection by pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 84 : 5520 – 5524 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noctor , G and Foyer , C H . 1998 . Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control . Annu Rev Plant Physiol , 49 : 249 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Noctor , G , Gomez , L , Vanacker , H and Foyer , C . 2002 . Interactions between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signaling . J Exp Bot , 53 : 1283 – 1304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell , R J , Herbert , C , Sreenivasprasad , S , Khatib , M , Esquerré-Tugayé and Dumas , B . 2004 . A novel Arabidopsis-Colletotrichum pathosystem for the molecular dissection of plant-fungal interactions . Mol Plant Microbe Int , 17 : 272 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , R P and Ipcho , S VS . 2004 . Arabidopsis pathology breathes new life into the necrotrophs-vs.-biotrophs classification of fungal pathogens . Mol Plant Pathol , 5 : 347 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain , N A , Green , J R , Jones , G L and O'Connell , R J . 1996 . Composition and organization of extracellular matrices around germ tubes and appressoria of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Protoplasma , 190 : 119 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Perfect , S E and Green , J R . 2001 . Infection structures of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens . Mol Plant Pathol , 2 : 101 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect , S E , Green , J R and O’Connell , R J . 2001 . Surface characteristics of necrotrophic secondary hyphae produced by the bean anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Eur J Plant Pathol , 107 : 813 – 819 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect , S E , Hughes , H B , O'Connell , R J and Green , J R . 1999 . Colletotrichum: A model genus for studies on pathology and fungal-plant interactions . Fungal Genet Biol , 27 : 186 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prusky , D and Plumbly , R A . 1992 . “ Quiescent infections of Colletotrichum in tropical and subtropical fruits ” . In Colletotrichum: Biology, pathology and control , Edited by: Bailey , J A and Jeger , M J . 289 – 308 . CAB International : Wallingford .
   Google Scholar
• Raggi , V . 2000 . Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation in tobacco leaves protected against Erysiphe cichoracearum by potato virus Y infection . Plant Pathol , 49 : 179 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razem , F A and Bernards , M A . 2003 . Reactive oxygen species production in association with suberization: evidence for NADPH-dependant oxidase . J Exp Bot , 54 : 935 – 941 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro , J M , Perira , S C , Soares , N C , Viera , A M , Feijo , J A and Jackson , P A . 2006 . The contribution of extensin network formation to rapid, hydrogen peroxide-mediated increase in grapevine callus wall resistance to fungal lytic enzymes . J Exp Bot , 57 : 2025 – 2035 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribot , C , Hirsch , J , Balzergue , S , Tharreau , D , Notteghem , J-L , Lebrun , M-H and Morel , J-B . 2008 . Susceptibility of rice to the blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea . J Plant Physiol , 165 : 114 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter , C and Schweizer , M . 1997 . “ Oxidative stress in mitochondria ” . In Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant defenses , Edited by: Scandalios , J G . Vol. 34 , 169 – 200 . Cold spring Harbor : Monograph series. Vol. 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , R and Redman , R . 2005 . Balancing the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 102 : 3175 – 3176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagi , M and Fluhr , R . 2001 . Superoxide production by plant homologues of the gp91phox NADPH oxidase. Modulation of activity by calcium and by tobacco mosaic virus infection . Plant Physiol , 126 : 1281 – 1290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarowar , S , Kim , E N , Kim , Y J , Ok , S H , Kim , K D , Hwang , B K and Shin , J S . 2005 . Over expression of a pepper ascorbate peroxidase-like 1 gene in tobacco plants enhances tolerance to oxidative stress and pathogens . Plant Sci , 169 : 55 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer , P , Hückelhoven , R and Kogel , K-H . 2004 . The white barley mutant albostrians shows a super susceptible but symptomless interaction phenotype with the hemibiotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana . Mol Plant Microbe Int , 17 : 366 – 373 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schäfer , W . 1994 . Molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity to plants . Annual Review of Phytopathology , 32 : 461 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal , A W and Abo , A . 1993 . The biochemical basis of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes . Trends Biochem Sci , 18 : 43 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shailasree , S , Kini , K R , Deepak , S , Kumudini , B S and Shetty , H S . 2004 . Accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in pearl millet seedlings in response to Sclerospora graminicola infection . Plant Sci , 167 : 1227 – 1234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty , N P . 2002 . Defence responses in wheat after inoculation with Septoria tritici Ph.D. thesis. Copenhagen (Denmark): The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
   Google Scholar
• Shetty , N P , Jørgensen , H JL , Jensen , J D , Collinge , D B and Shetty , H S . 2008 . Roles of reactive oxygen species in interactions between plants and pathogens . Eur J Plant Pathol , 121 : 267 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty , N P , Kristensen , B K , Newman , M-A , Møller , K , Gregersen , P L and Jørgensen , H JL . 2003 . Association of hydrogen peroxide with restriction of Septoria tritici in resistant wheat . Physiol Mol Plant Pathol , 62 : 333 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty , N P , Mehrabi , R , Lutken , H , Haldrup , A , Kema , G HJ , Collinge , D B and Jørgensen , H JL . 2007 . Role of hydrogen peroxide during the interaction between the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Septoria tritici and wheat . New Phytol , 174 : 637 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smirnoff , N . 1993 . The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation . New Phytol , 125 : 27 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder , B A , Leite , B , Hipskind , J , Butler , L G and Nicholson , R L . 1991 . Accumulation of sorghum phytoalexins induced by Colletotrichum graminicola at the infection site . Physiol Mol Plant Pathol , 39 : 463 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soylu , S . 2006 . Accumulation of cell-wall bound phenolic compounds and phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves following inoculation with pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae . Plant Sci , 170 : 942 – 952 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugui , J A and Deising , H B . 2002 . Isolation of infection-specific sequence tags expressed during early stages of maize anthracnose disease development . Mol Plant Pathol , 3 : 197 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland , M W . 1991 . The generation of oxygen radicals during host plant responses to infection . Physiol Mol Plant P , 39 : 79 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarumoto , I . 2005 . Glossiness of leaf blades in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench); its visual and ultrastructural studies . Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly , 39 : 153 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Thordal-Chrsitensen , H , Zhang , Z , Wei , Y and Collinge , D B . 1997 . Subcellular localization of H2O2 in plants: H2O2 accumulation in papillae and hypersensitive response during the barley-powdery mildew interaction . Plant J , 11 : 1187 – 1194 .
   Google Scholar
• Torres , M A and Dangl , J L . 2005 . Functions of the respiratory burst oxidase in biotic interactions, abiotic stress and development . Curr Opin Plant Biol , 8 : 397 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , M A , Jones , J DG and Dangl , J L . 2005 . Pathogen-induced, NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen intermediates suppress spread of cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana . Nature , 37 : 1130 – 1134 .
   Google Scholar
• Torres , M A , Jones , J DG and Dangl , J L . 2006 . Reactive oxygen species signaling in response to pathogens . Plant Physiol , 141 : 373 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Breusegem , F , Vranova , E , Dat , J F and Inze , D . 2001 . The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction . Plant Sci , 161 : 405 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J and Higgins , V J . 2006 . Nitric oxide modulates H2O2-mediated defence in the Colletotrichum coccodes–tomato interaction . Physiol Mol Plant P , 67 : 131 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Wharton , P S and Julian , A M . 1996 . A cytological study of compatible and incompatible interactions between Sorghum bicolor and Colletotrichum sublineolum . New Phytol , 134 : 25 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Wharton , P S , Julian , A M and O'Connell , R J . 2001 . Ultrastructure of the infection of Sorghum bicolor by Colletotrichum sublineolum . Phytopathology , 91 : 149 – 158 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willekens , H , Chamnongpol , S , Davey , M , Schraudner , M , Langebartels , C , Van Montagu , M , Inzé , D and Van Camp , W . 1997 . Catalase is link for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defence in C3 plants . European Molecular Biology Organization Journal , 16 : 4806 – 4816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtaszek , P . 1997a . Oxidative burst: an early plant response to pathogen infection . Biochem J , 322 : 681 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtaszek , P . 1997b . Mechanism for the generation of reactive oxygen species in plant defence response . Acta Physiol Plant , 19 : 581 – 589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , G S , Short , B J , Lawrence , E B , Levine , E B , Fitzsimmons , K C and Shah , D M . 1995 . Disease resistance conferred by expression of a gene encoding H2O2-generating glucose oxidase in transgenic potato plants . Plant Cell , 7 : 1357 – 1368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamizo , C , Kuchimura , K , Kobayashi , K , Katou , S , Kawakita , K , Jones , J DG , Doke , N and Yoshioka , H . 2006 . Rewiring mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by positive feedback confers potato blight resistance . Plant Physiol , 140 : 681 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , F , Zhang , Z , Gregersen , P L , Mikkelsen , J D , de Neergaard , E , Collinge , D B and Thordal-Christensen , H . 1998 . Molecular characterization of the oxalate oxidase involved in the response of barley to the powdery mildew fungus . Plant Physiol , 117 : 33 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar