Psychological distress and help seeking amongst higher education students: findings from a mixed method study of undergraduate nursing/midwifery and teacher education students in Ireland

References

• Adlaf, E. M., L. Gliksman, A. Demers, and B. Newton-Taylor. 2001. “The Prevalence of Elevated Psychological Distress among Canadian Undergraduates: Findings from the 1998 Canadian Campus Survey.” Journal of American College Health 50 (2): 67–72. doi: 10.1080/07448480109596009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzayyat, E., and E. Al-Gamal. 2014. “A Review of the Literature Regarding Stress among Nursing Students During Their Clinical Education.” International Nursing Review 61 (3): 406–415. doi: 10.1111/inr.12114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ani, C., J. Kinanee, and O. Bolanle. 2011. “Psychological Distress among Trainee Teachers in Nigeria: Association with Religious Practice.” European Journal of Educational Studies 3 (1): 163–172.
   Google Scholar
• Baghurst, T., and B. C. Kelley. 2014. “An Examination of Stress in College Students Over the Course of a Semester.” Health Promotion Practice 15 (3): 438–444. doi: 10.1177/1524839913510316
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barlow, David, and Vincent Durand. 2005. Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Bayram, N., and N. Bilgel. 2008. “The Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlations of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among a Group of University Students.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43 (8): 667–672. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bewick, B., G. Koutsopoulou, J. Miles, E. Slaa, and M. Barkham. 2010. “ Changes in Undergraduate Students’ Psychological Well-Being as they Progress Through University.” Studies in Higher Education 35 (6): 633–645.
   Google Scholar
• Bewick, B. M., J. Gill, and B. Mulhern. 2008. “Using Electronic Surveying to Assess Psychological Distress Within the UK University Student Population: A Multi-Site Pilot Investigation.” Journal of Applied Psychology 4 (2): 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Bord Altranais agus Cnáimhseachais na hÉireann. 2014. Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Registered Nurses and Registered Midwives. Dublin: Bord Altranais agus Cnáimhseachais na hÉireann.
   Google Scholar
• Brougham, R., C. Zail, C. Mendoza, and J. Miller. 2009. “Stress, Sex Differences, and Coping Strategies.” Current Psychology 28 (2): 85–97. doi: 10.1007/s12144-009-9047-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, A. B., K. D. Dodge, and E. J. Faurote. 2010. “College Student Employment and Drinking: A Daily Study of Work Stressors, Alcohol Expectancies, and Alcohol Consumption.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 15 (3): 291–303. doi: 10.1037/a0019822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, D. W. 2002. “Stress, Self-Efficacy, Social Support and Psychological Distress among Prospective Chinese Teachers in Hong Kong.” Educational Psychology 22 (5): 557–560. doi: 10.1080/0144341022000023635
   Google Scholar
• Chaplain, R. P. 2008. “Stress and Psychological Distress among Trainee Secondary Teachers in England.” Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology 28 (2): 195–209. doi: 10.1080/01443410701491858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciarrochi, J., C. J. Wilson., F. P. Deane, and D. Rickwood. 2003. “ Do Difficulties with Emotions Inhibit Help-Seeking in Adolescence? The Role of Age and Emotional Competence in Predicting Help-Seeking Intentions.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly 16 (2): 103–120.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, A. E., P. W. Corrigan, and A. C. Watson. 2003. “Mental Illness Stigma and Care Seeking.” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191 (5): 339–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, John, and Vicki Plano Clark. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Deasy, C., B. Coughlan, J. Pironom, D. Jourdan, and P. Mannix McNamara. 2015. “Psychological Distress and Lifestyle of Students: Implications for Health Promotion.” Health Promotion International 30 (1): 77–87. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Skills. 2014. Projections of Demand for Full Time Third Level Education 2014–2028. http://www.education.ie/en/Publications/Statistics/Statistical-Reports/Projections-of-demand-for-Full-Time-Third-Level-Education-2014-2028.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dooley, Barbara, and Amanda Fitzgerald. 2012. My World Survey: National Study of Youth Mental Health in Ireland. Headstrong-The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, Dublin: UCD School of Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Dooris, M., and S. Doherty. 2010. “Healthy Universities – Time for Action: A Qualitative Research Study Exploring the Potential for a National Programme.” Health Promotion International 25 (1): 94–106. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daq015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, D., E. Golberstein, and S. E. Gollust. 2007. “Help-seeking and Access to Mental Health Care in a University Student Population.” Medical Care 45 (7): 594–601. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31803bb4c1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, D., E., Golberstein, and J. B. Hunt. 2009. “Mental Health and Academic Success in College.” Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 9 (1). doi10.2202/1935-1682.2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galbraith, N. D., K. E. Brown, and E. Clifton. 2014. “A Survey of Student Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Help Seeking for Stress.” Nursing Forum 49 (3): 171–181. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12066
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner, S. 2010. “Stress among Prospective Teachers: A Review of the Literature.” Australia Journal of Teacher Education 35 (8): 18–28.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. 1981. GHQ-28. London: GL Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Ireland. 2006. A Vision for Change. Dublin: The Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Gulliver, A., K. M. Griffiths, and H. Christensen. 2010. “Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Help-Seeking in Young People: A Systematic Review.” Bio Med Central Psychiatry 10: 113. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higher Education Authority. 2013. Higher Education: Key Facts and Figures 2011/12. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Higher Education Authority. 2014. A Study of Progression in Irish Higher Education Institutions 2010/11 to 2011/12. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, Ann, Cindy Dring, and John Dring. 2005. College Lifestyle and Attitudinal National Survey (CLAN). Galway: National University of Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Houghton, F., N. Keane, N. Murphy, S. Houghton, and C. Dunne. 2010. “Tertiary Level Students and the Mental Health Index (MHI-5) in Ireland.” Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies 10 (I), (Article 7). http://arrow.dit.ie/ijass/vol10/iss1/7.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, S. 2005. “Help-seeking Behaviour of Student Teachers.” Educational Research 47 (3): 307–318. doi: 10.1080/00131880500287716
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, C. 2007. “The General Health Questionnaire.” Occupational Medicine 57 (1): 79. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kql169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, Richard S., and Susan Folkman. 1984. Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Mental Health Commission. 2009. Annual Report Including the Report of the Inspector of Mental Health Services. Dublin: Mental Health Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, K., H. McGee, D. Watson, I. Perry, M. Barry, E. Shelley, J. Harrington, et al. 2008. SLAN 2007: Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition in Ireland. Main Report. Dublin: Department of Health and Children Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, Robert, and Philip Burnard. 2006. Vital Notes for Nurses: Research for Evidence-based Practice. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, G., and D. Ryan. 2008. “Experience of Stress in Psychiatric Nursing Students in Ireland.” Nursing Standard 22 (43): 35–43. doi: 10.7748/ns2008.07.22.43.35.c6583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Brien, M. 2015. “Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Careless Times: Caring as Professional Ethical Praxis and Identity, 193–206.” In Social Justice and Diversity in Teacher Education, Proceedings of the Association for Teacher Education in Europe. Winter Conference, 15–17 April, Budapest, Hungary.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2012. Education at a Glance: Highlights. Paris: OECD, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en.
   Google Scholar
• Orton, S. 2011. “Re-thinking Attrition in Student Nurses.” Journal of Health and Social Care Improvement 1 (1): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Papazisis, G., E. Tsiga, N. Papanikolaou, I. Vlasiadis, and D. Sapountzi-Krepia. 2008. “Psychological Distress, Anxiety and Depression among Nursing Students in Greece.” International Journal of Caring Sciences 1 (1): 42–46.
   Google Scholar
• Payton, A. R. 2009. “Mental Health, Mental Illness, and Psychological Distress: Same Continuum or Distinct Phenomena?” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 50 (2): 213–227. doi: 10.1177/002214650905000207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryjmachuk, S., and D. A. Richards. 2007. “Predicting Stress in pre-Registration Nursing Students.” British Journal of Health Psychology 12 (1): 125–144. doi: 10.1348/135910706X98524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickwood, D. J., F. P. Deane, and C. J. Wilson. 2007. “When and How do Young People Seek Professional Help for Mental Health Problems.” The Medical Journal of Australia 187 (7): 35–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickwood, D., F. P. Deane, C. J. Wilson, and J. Ciarrochi. 2005. “Help Seeking for Mental Health Problems in Adolescence and Early Adulthood.” Advances in Mental Health 4 (3): 218–251. doi: 10.5172/jamh.4.3.218
   Google Scholar
• Ridner, S. H. 2004. “Psychological Distress: Concept Analysis.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 45 (5): 536–545. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02938.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, L., T. D. Warner, C. Lyketos, E. Frank, L. Ganzini, and D. Carter. 2001. “Perceptions of Academic Vulnerability Associated with Personal Illness: A Study of 1027 Students at Nine Medical Schools.” Comprehensive Psychiatry 42 (1): 1–15. doi: 10.1053/comp.2001.19747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robotham, D., and C. Julian. 2006. “Stress and the Higher Education Student: A Critical Review of the Literature.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 30 (2): 107–117. doi: 10.1080/03098770600617513
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Psychiatrists. 2011. Mental Health of Students in Higher Education. Council Report CR166. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, M. L., I. M. Shochet, and H. M. Stallman. 2010. “Universal Online Interventions Might Engage Psychologically Distressed University Students who are Unlikely to Seek Formal Help.” Advances in Mental Health 9 (1): 73–83. doi: 10.5172/jamh.9.1.73
   Google Scholar
• Selye, Hans. 1974. Stress Without Distress. Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott.
   Google Scholar
• Solbrekke, T. D., and T. Englund. 2011. “Bringing Professional Responsibility Back In.” Studies in Higher Education 36 (7): 847–861. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2010.482205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stallman, H. M. 2010. “Psychological Distress in University Students: A Comparison with General Population Data.” Australian Psychologist 45 (4): 249–257. doi: 10.1080/00050067.2010.482109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stixrud, W. R. 2012. “Why Stress is Such A Big Deal.” Journal of Management Education 36 (2): 135–142. doi: 10.1177/1052562911430317
   Google Scholar
• Sun, J., N. Buys, D. Stewart, and D. Shum. 2011. “Mediating Effects of Coping, Personal Belief, and Social Support on the Relationship among Stress, Depression, and Smoking Behaviour in University Students.” Health Education 111 (3): 133–146. doi: 10.1108/09654281111108544
   Google Scholar
• Tavolacci, M. P., J. Ladner, S. Grigioni, L. Richard, H. Villet, and P. Dechelotte. 2013. “Prevalence and Association of Perceived Stress, Substance Use and Behavioural Addictions: A Cross-Sectional Study among University Students in France, 2009–2011.” BMC Public Health 13 (724). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teaching Council of Ireland. 2012. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Maynooth: Teaching Council of Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Tedstone Doherty, Donna, and Rosalyn Moran. 2009. Mental Health and Associated Health Service Use on the Island of Ireland. HRB Research Series 7. Dublin: Health Research Board.
   Google Scholar
• Trotter, E., and C. A. Roberts. 2006. “Enhancing the Early Student Experience.” Higher Education Research and Development 25 (4): 371–386. doi: 10.1080/07294360600947368
   Google Scholar
• Tsouros, Agis, Gina Dowding, and Mark Dooris. 1998. “Strategic Framework for the Health Promoting Universities Project.” In Health Promoting Universities: Concepts, Experience and Framework for Action, 120–137. Copenhagen: World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, D. L., N. G. Wade, and A. H. Hackler. 2007. “Perceived Public Stigma and the Willingness to Seek Counselling: The Mediating Roles of Self-Stigma and Attitudes Towards Counselling.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 54 (1): 40–50. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warbah, L., M. Sathiyaseelan, C. VijayaKumar, B. Vasantharaj, S. Russell, and K. S. Jacob. 2007. “Psychological Distress, Personality, and Adjustment among Nursing Students.” Nurse Education Today 27 (6): 597–601. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2006.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, R., E. Gardiner, R. Hogston, H. Gibson, A. Stimpson, R. Wrate, and I. Deary. 2009. “A Longitudinal Study of Stress and Psychological Distress in Nurses and Nursing Students.” Journal of Clinical Nursing 18 (2): 270–278. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02555.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, M. C., and H. Bembenutty. 2013. “Not all Avoidance Help Seekers are Created Equal. Individual Differences in Adaptive and Executive Help Seeking.” SAGE Open 3 (2): doi:10.1177/2158244013484916.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, C. J., J. A. Bushnel, and P. Caputi. 2011. “Early Access and Help Seeking: Practice Implications and New Initiatives.” Early Intervention in Psychiatry 5 (1): 34–39. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00238.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, C. J., and F. P. Deane. 2010. “Help-negation and Suicidal Ideation: The Role of Depression, Anxiety and Hopelessness.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 39 (3): 291–305. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9487-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar