Jerusalem’s Growth in Light of the Renewed Excavations in the Ophel

References

• Arie, E. 2013. The Iron IIA Pottery. In: Finkelstein, I., Ussishkin, D. and Cline, E.H., eds. Megiddo V: The 2004–2008 Seasons (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 31). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake: 668–828.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, S.A., Franz, G.W. and Frost, E.G. 2000. Amos’s Earthquake: An Extraordinary Middle East Seismic Event of 750 B.C. International Geology Review 42: 657–671. doi: 10.1080/00206810009465104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beit-Arieh, I. and Freud, L. 2015. Tel Malḥata: A Central City in the Biblical Negev (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 32). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Ami, D. 2013. Jerusalem. Excavations in the Tyropoeon Valley (Givʿati Parking Lot), Vol. I. (Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 52). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Ami, D. 2014. Notes on the Iron IIA Settlement in Jerusalem in Light of Excavations in the Northwest of the City of David. Tel Aviv 41: 3–19. doi: 10.1179/0334435514Z.00000000030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo, D. 2019. The Iron Age Pottery of Jerusalem: A Typological and Technological Study. (Ariel University Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series 2). Ariel.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Tor, A., Ben-Ami, D. and Sandhaus, D. 2012. Hazor VI. The 1990–2009 Excavations. The Iron Age. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Tor, A., Zarzecki-Peleg, A. and Cohen-Anidjar, S. 2005. Yoqneʿam II: The Iron Age and the Persian Period. Final Report of the Archaeological Excavations (1977–1988) (Qedem Reports 6). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Bikai, P.M. 1978. The Pottery of Tyre. Warminster.
   Google Scholar
• Boaretto, E., Finkelstein, I. and Shahack-Gross, R. 2010. Radiocarbon Results from the Iron IIA Site of Atar Haroa in the Negev Highlands and Their Archaeological and Historical Implications. Radiocarbon 52: 1–12. doi: 10.1017/S0033822200044982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandfon, F.R. 1984. The Pottery. In: Herzog, Z., ed. Beer-Sheba II. The Early Iron Age Settlements (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 7). Tel Aviv: 37–69.
   Google Scholar
• Briend, J., Humbert, J.-B., Puech, É. and Chambon, A. 1980. Tell Keisan (1971–1976): Une cité phenicienne en Galilee (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, Series Archaeologica 1). Fribourg and Göttingen.
   Google Scholar
• Bunimovitz, S. and Lederman, Z. 2016. Tel Beth-Shemesh: A Border Community in Judah. Renewed Excavations 1990–2000: The Iron Age (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 34). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill, J.M. 2003. Jerusalem at the Time of the United Monarchy: The Archaeological Evidence. In: Vaughn, A.G. and Killebrew, A.E., eds. Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology. The First Temple Period. Atlanta: 13–80.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill, J.M. 2004. Jerusalem in David and Solomon’s Time. BAR 30: 20–31, 62–63.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen-Weinberger, A., Szanton, N. and Uziel, J. 2017. Ethnofabrics: Petrographic Analysis as a Tool for Illuminating Cultural Interactions and Trade Relations between Judah and Philistia during the Iron Age II. BASOR 377: 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Dan-Goor, S. 2022. The History of Iron Age Jerusalem: A Ceramic Approach. Tel Aviv 49: 67–97. doi: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot, A. and Ariel D.T. 2000. Ceramic Report. In: Ariel, D.T., ed. Excavation at the City of David 1978–1985, Directed by Yigal Shiloh. Vol. V. Extramural Areas (Qedem 40). Jerusalem: 91–154.
   Google Scholar
• De Groot, A. and Ber nick-Greenberg, H. 2012a. Excavations at the Cit y of David 1978–1985, Directed by Yigal Shiloh. Vol. VIIA. Area E: Stratigraphy and Architecture (Qedem 53). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• De Groot, A. and Bernick-Greenberg, H. 2012b. Excavations at the City of David 1978–1985, Directed by Yigal Shiloh. Vol. VIIB. Area E: The Finds (Qedem 54). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• De Groot, A. and Fadida, A. 2011. The Pottery Assemblage from the Rock-Cut Pool near the Gihon Spring. Tel Aviv 38: 158–166. doi: 10.1179/033443511x13099584885501
   Google Scholar
• Dothan, M. and Ben-Shlomo, D. 2005. Ashdod VI: The Excavations of Areas H and K (1968–1969) (Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 24). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Eshel, A. 1995. Two Pottery Groups from Kenyon’s Excavations on the Eastern Slope of Ancient Jerusalem. In: Eshel, I. and Prag, K., eds. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Vol. IV. Oxford: 1–158.
   Google Scholar
• Eshel, I. and Prag, K. 1995. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Vol. IV. Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Faust, A. 2006. The Negev ‘Fortresses’ in Context: Reexamining the ‘Fortress’ Phenomenon in Light of General Settlement Processes of the Eleventh–Tenth Centuries B.C.E. JAOS 126: 135–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faust, A. 2010. The Large Stone Structure in the City of David. ZDPV 126: 116–130.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, I. 1990. Excavations at Khirbet ed-Dawwara: An Iron Age Site Northeast of Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 17: 163–208. doi: 10.1179/tav.1990.1990.2.163
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, I. 2011. The ‘Large Stone Structure’ in Jerusalem: Reality versus Yearning. ZDPV 127: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, I. 2018. Jerusalem and the Benjamin Plateau in the Early Phases of the Iron Age: A Different Scenario. ZDPV 134: 190–195.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, I., Herzog, Z., Singer-Avitz, L. and Ussishkin, D. 2007. Has King David’s Palace in Jerusalem Been Found? Tel Aviv 34: 142–164. doi: 10.1179/tav.2007.2007.2.142
   Google Scholar
• Franken, H.J. 2005. A History of Potters and Pottery in Ancient Jerusalem. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967. London.
   Google Scholar
• Franken, H.J. and Steiner, M.L. 1990. Excavations in Jerusalem 1961–1967. Vol. II: The Iron Age Extramural Quarter on the South-East Hill. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, L. 1999. Pottery: The Iron Age. In: Beit-Arieh I. ed. Tel ʿIra: A Stronghold in the Biblical Negev (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 15). Tel Aviv: 189–289.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, L. 2015. The Pottery of Strata V–III. In: Beit-Arieh, I. and Freud, L., eds. Tel Malḥata: A Central City in the Biblical Negev (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 32). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake: 153–236.
   Google Scholar
• Fritz, V. and Kempinski, A. 1983. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen auf der Hirbet El-Msas (Tel Masos): 1972–1975. Wiesbaden.
   Google Scholar
• Gadot, Y. and Uziel, J. 2017. The Monumentality of Iron Age Jerusalem Prior to the 8th Century BCE. Tel Aviv 44: 123–140. doi: 10.1080/03344355.2017.1357273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gal, Z. and Alexandre, Y. 2000. Ḥorbat Rosh Zayit: An Iron Age Storage Fort and Village (Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 8). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Geva, H. 2000. Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem, Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969–1982. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Gitin, S. 1990. Gezer III: A Ceramic Typology of the Late Iron Age, Persian and Hellenistic Periods. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Gitin, S. 2015. Iron Age IIA–B: Philistia. In: Gitin, S., ed. The Ancient Pottery of Israel and its Neighbors from the Iron Age through the Hellenistic Period. Jerusalem: 257–280.
   Google Scholar
• Gjerstad, E. 1948. The Swedish Cyprus Expedition, Vol. IV. Part 2: The Cypro-Geometric, Cypro-Archaic and Cypro-Classical Periods. Stockholm.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson-Drake, D.W. 1991. Scribes and Schools in Monarchic Judah: A Socio-archeological Approach (The Social World of Biblical Antiquity Series 9). Sheffield.
   Google Scholar
• Joffe, A.H. 2002. The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 45: 425–467 doi: 10.1163/156852002320939311
   Google Scholar
• Kang, H.-G. and Garfinkel, Y. 2009. The Early Iron Age IIA Pottery. In: Garfinkel, Y. and Ganor, S., eds. Khirbet Qeiyafa Vol. 1: Excavation Report 2007–2008. Jerusalem: 119–149.
   Google Scholar
• Kang, H.-G. and Garfinkel, Y. 2018. Khirbet Qeiyafa Vol. 6: Excavation Report 2007–2013: The Iron Age Pottery. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Keel, O. 2015. Glyptic Finds from the Ophel Excavations 2009–2013. In: Mazar, E., ed. The Ophel Excavations to the South of the Temple Mount 2009–2013 Final Reports Volume I. Jerusalem: 475–529.
   Google Scholar
• Kenyon, K.M. 1957. Chapter VII. Pottery: Early Bronze and Israelite. In: Crowfoot, J.W., Crowfoot, G.M. and Kenyon, K.M., eds. Samaria-Sebaste. Reports of the Work of the Joint Expedition in 1931–1933 >and of the British Expedition in 1935. No. 3: The Objects from Samaria. London: 90–209.
   Google Scholar
• Kenyon, K.M. 1965. Excavations at Jericho. Volume Two: The Tombs Excavated in 1955–8. London.
   Google Scholar
• Kenyon, K.M. 1968. Excavations in Jerusalem 1967. PEQ 100: 97–109. doi: 10.1179/peq.1968.100.2.97
   Google Scholar
• Kleiman, A. 2021. The Date of the Ophel Pithos Inscription. An Archaeological Perspective, ZDPV 137: 167–179.
   Google Scholar
• LaGro, T. and Noordhuizen, D. 1995. Classification of the Fragmentary Pottery Found in Cave I and Cave II during the 1961–1967 Kenyon Excavations. In: Eshel, I. and Prag, K., eds. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Vol. IV. Oxford: 191–200.
   Google Scholar
• Lederman, Z. 1999. An Early Iron Age Village at Khirbet Raddana. The Excavations of Joseph A. Callaway (PhD dissertation, Harvard University). Cambridge, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann, G. and Niemann, H.M. 2014. When Did the Shephelah Become Judahite? Tel Aviv 41: 77–94. doi: 10.1179/0334435514Z.00000000033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeir, A.M. and Shai, I. 2016. Reassessing the Character of the Judahite Kingdom: Archaeological Evidence for Non-Centralized, Kinship-Based Components. In: Ganor, S., Kreimerman, I., Streit, K. and Mumcuoglu, M., eds. From Shaʿar Hagolan to Shaaraim: Essays in Honor of Prof. Yosef Garfinkel. Jerusalem: 323–340.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. 1981. Giloh: An Early Israelite Settlement Site near Jerusalem. IEJ 31: 1–36.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. 1985. Excavations at Tell Qasile. Part. 2. The Philistine Sanctuary: Various Finds, the Pottery, Conclusions, Appendixes (Qedem 20). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. 1990. Iron Age I and II Towers at Giloh and the Israelite Settlement. IEJ 40: 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. 2006a. The Iron Age II Pottery from Areas S and P. In: Mazar, A., ed. Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean, 1989–1996. Volume I: From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period. Jerusalem: 313–384, 398–467.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. 2006b. Jerusalem in the 10th Century B.C.E: The Glass Half Full. In: Amit, Y., Ben-Zvi, E., Finkelstein, I. and Lipschits, O., eds. Essays on Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context: A Tribute to Nadav Na’aman. Winona Lake: 255–272.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, A. and Panitz-Cohen, N. 2001. Timnah (Tel Batash) II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE (Qedem 42). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2002. The Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2004. The Phoenician Family Tomb N. 1 at the Northern Cemetery of Achziv (10th–6^th Centuries BCE): Sam Turner Expedition, Final Report of the Excavations. Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2007. Preliminary Report on the City of David Excavations 2005: At the Visitors Center Area. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2009. The Palace of King David. Excavations at the Summit of the City of David. Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005–2007. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2011. Discovering the Solomonic Wall in Jerusalem: A Remarkable Archaeological Adventure. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2015. The Solomonic (Early Iron Age IIA) Royal Quarter of the Ophel. In: Mazar, E., ed. The Ophel Excavations to the South of the Temple Mount 2009–2013. Final Reports Volume I. Jerusalem: 459–474.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. 2018. The Fortified Enclosure Dated to the Early Iron Age IIA1–2: The ‘Far House’ (2 Sam 15:17). In: Mazar, E., ed. The Ophel Excavations to the South of the Temple Mount 2009–2013. Final Reports Volume II. Jerusalem: 315–324.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E., Ben-Shlomo, D. and Aḥituv S. 2013. An Inscribed Pithos from the Ophel, Jerusalem. IEJ 63: 39–49.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. and Lang, T. 2018. The Fortified Enclosure at the Ophel—The ‘Far House’ (2 Sam 15: 17): Architecture and Stratigraphy. In: Mazar, E., ed. The Ophel Excavations to the South of the Temple Mount 2009–2013. Final Reports Volume II. Jerusalem: 325–393.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. and Livyatan Ben-Arie, R. 2015. Hebrew and Non-Indicative Bullae. In: Mazar, E., ed. The Summit of the City of David Excavations 2005–2008. Final Reports Volume I: Area G. Jerusalem: 299–362.
   Google Scholar
• Mazar, E. and Mazar, B. 1989. Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount. The Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem (Qedem 29). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Meshel, Z. 2012. Kuntillet ʿAjrud (Ḥorvat Teman): An Iron Age II Religious Site on the Judah– Sinai Border. Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Na’aman, N. 2013. The Kingdom of Judah in the 9th century BCE: Text Analysis versus Archaeological Research. Tel Aviv 40: 247–276. doi: 10.1179/033443513X13753505864331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahshoni, P. and Talis, S. 2015. An Iron Age Site at Khirbat Umm el-Baqr (Naḥal Adorayim). ʿAtiqot 81: 69–105.
   Google Scholar
• Prag, K. 1995. Summary of the Reports on Caves I, II and III and Deposits IV. In: Eshel, I. and Prag, K., eds. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Vol. IV. Oxford: 209–220.
   Google Scholar
• Prag, K. 2017. Excavations by K.M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967. VI: Sites on the Edge of the Ophel. Oxford and Philadelphia.
   Google Scholar
• Regev, J., Uziel, J., Szanton, N. and Boaretto, E. 2017. Absolute Dating of the Gihon Spring Fortifications, Jerusalem. Radiocarbon 59: 1171–1193. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2017.37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich, R. 2018. The Date of the Gihon Spring Tower in Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 45: 114–119. doi: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich, R. and Shukron, E. 2009. Excavations near the Spring House at the City of David, 2008 (Area C, South). In: Meiron, E., ed. City of David: Studies of Ancient Jerusalem 4. Jerusalem: 56–63 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Reich, R., Shukron, E. and Lernau, O. 2007. Recent Discoveries in the City of David, Jerusalem. IEJ 57: 153–169.
   Google Scholar
• Sergi, O. 2013. Judah’s Expansion in Historical Context. Tel Aviv 40: 226–246. doi: 10.1179/033443513X13753505864241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergi, O. 2017. The Emergence of Judah as a Political Entity between Jerusalem and Benjamin. ZDPV 133: 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Shahack-Gross, R. and Finkelstein, I. 2008. Subsistence Practices in an Arid Environment: A Geoarchaeological Investigation in an Iron Age Site, the Negev Highlands, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 965–982. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahack-Gross, R. and Finkelstein, I. 2015. Settlement Oscillations in the Negev Highlands Revisited: The Impact of Microarchaeological Methods. Radiocarbon 57: 253–264. doi: 10.2458/azu_rc.57.18561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shai, I. and Maeir, A.M. 2012. The Late Iron Age IIA Pottery Assemblages from Stratum A3. In: Maeir, A.M., ed. Tell eṣ-Ṣāfi/Gath I: The 1996‒2005 Seasons (Ägypten und Altes Testament 69). Wiesbaden: 313–363.
   Google Scholar
• Sharon, I. and Zarzecki-Peleg, A. 2006. Podium Structures with Lateral Access: Authority Ploys in Royal Architecture in the Iron Age Levant. In: Gitin, S., Wright, J.D. and Dessel, J.P., eds. Confronting the Past: Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever. Winona Lake: 145–167.
   Google Scholar
• Shiloh, Y. 1984. Excavations at the City of David I. 1978–1982. Interim Report of the First Five Seasons (Qedem 18). Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Singer-Avitz, L. 2002. Arad: The Iron Age Pottery Assemblages. Tel Aviv 29: 110–214. doi: 10.1179/tav.2002.2002.1.110
   Google Scholar
• Singer-Avitz, L. 2016a. Chapter 11: Pottery from Strata VII–IV: The Iron IIA Period. In: Herzog, Z. and Singer-Avitz, L., eds. Beer-Sheba III. The Early Iron IIA Enclosed Settlement and the Late Iron IIA–Iron IIB Cities (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 33). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake: 482–582.
   Google Scholar
• Singer-Avitz, L. 2016b. Chapter 12: Pottery from Strata III–I: The Iron IIB Period. In: Herzog, Z. and Singer-Avitz, L., eds. Beer-Sheba III. The Early Iron IIA Enclosed Settlement and the Late Iron IIA–Iron IIB Cities (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 33). Tel Aviv and Winona Lake: 583–991.
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, M.L. 2001. Excavations by Kathleen M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961–1967, Volume III: The Settlement in the Bronze and Iron Ages. London and New York.
   Google Scholar
• Uziel, J. and Szanton, N. 2015. Recent Excavations near the Gihon Spring and Their Ref lection on the Character of Iron II Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 42: 233–250. doi: 10.1179/0334435515Z.00000000053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, C. 1884. The Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem. London.
   Google Scholar
• Winderbaum, A. 2015. The Iconic Seals and Bullae of the Iron Age. In: Mazar, E., ed. The Summit of the City of David Excavations 2005–2008 Final Reports Volume I: Area G. Jerusalem: 363–419.
   Google Scholar
• Winderbaum, A. 2021. The Iron IIA Pottery Assemblages from the Ophel Excavations and Their Contribution to the Understanding of the Settlement History of Jerusalem (PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University). Tel Aviv.
   Google Scholar
• Zertal, A. 1986–1987. An Early Iron Age Cultic Site on Mount Ebal: Excavation Seasons 1982–1987. Tel Aviv 13–14: 105–165. doi: 10.1179/tav.1986.1986.2.105
   Google Scholar
• Zimhoni, O. 2004a. The Pottery of Levels III and II. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 1789–1899.
   Google Scholar
• Zimhoni, O. 2004b. The Pottery of Levels V and IV and Its Archaeological and Chronological Implications. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 1643–1788.
   Google Scholar
• Zukerman, A. 2012. Iron Age I and Early Iron Age IIA Pottery. In: Maeir, A.M., ed. Tell eṣ-Ṣāfi/ Gath I: The 1996‒2005 Seasons (Ägypten und Altes Testament 69). Wiesbaden: 265–311.
   Google Scholar