1,085
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Free Negro Company of Christiansted: Struggles for equality, 1773–1799

References

Archival references

  • Danish National Archives – DNA (Rigsarkivet)
  • Chamber of Customs, West India and Guinea Revenue Office – CC/WIGRO
  • (Generaltoldkammeret – Ældre del. Vestindisk-guineisk renteskriverkontor)
  • Archive no. 365
  • 365:205-206 West Indian journal 1773-1816, 1799-1800 (Vestindisk Journal)
  • 365:372 West Indian journal files 1780-1816, 1815, case nos. 226-350 (Sager til Vestindisk Journal)
  • 365:418 Public documents, chronologically filed, concerning the Danish West Indies with special focus on the Negro Constitution, 1733-1788 (Kronologisk samling af offentlige aktstykker)
  • 365:419 Draft bills and recommendations concerning the Negro Act, including appendixes, 1783-1789 (Udkast og betænkninger ang. negerloven)
  • 365:420 Copy of comments and placards concerning slaves, including a draft bill for Slave Act, 1672-1787 (Genpart af anmærkninger og plakater ang. slaver samt udkast til slavelov)
  • 365:473 West Indian journal files: West India militia, highway authority, fire brigade etc., 1803-1848 (Sager til Vestindisk Journal: Vestindisk milits, vejvæsen, brandkorps, etc.)
  • Chamber of Customs and Commerce, India (East and West India) Office – CCC/IO
  • (Generaltoldkammer- og Kommercekollegiet, Indisk (ost- og vestindisk) Kontor)
  • Archive no. 371
  • 371:428 Miscellaneous documents concerning the emancipation of the slaves and the older case concerning the free coloureds, 1826-1838 (Diverse dokumenter vedk. slaveemancipationen og den ældre sag om de frikulørte)
  • Audited Accounts, West India Accounts – AA/WIA
  • (Reviderede Regnskaber, Vestindiske Regnskaber)
  • Archive no. 571
  • 571:86.1-4 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1758-1761 (Matrikel for St. Croix)
  • 571:86.5 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1762
  • 571:86.6-8 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1763-1768
  • 571:86.9-12 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1769-1771
  • 571:86.13-16 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1772-1775
  • 571:86.17-19 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1780-1782
  • 571:86.20-21 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1783, 1786
  • 571:86.22-23 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1787-1788
  • 571:86.24-25 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1789-1790
  • 571:86.26-27 Tax records for St. Croix 1758-1915, 1791-1792
  • Government General - GG
  • (Generalguvernementet)
  • Archive no. 677
  • 677:2.16.1 Registers of letters received from authorities etc. in the Danish West Indies, journals, 1790-1795 (Referatprotokol for indkomne skrivelser fra myndigheder m.m. i Dansk Vestindien)
  • 677:2.17.5 Journalised and unjournalised letters received from authorities etc. in the Danish West Indies 1760-1854, 1784-1787 (Journaliserede og ikke-journaliserede skrivelser fra Vestindien)
  • West Indian Government - WIG
  • (Den vestindiske regering)
  • Archive no. 678
  • 678:3.81.73 Subject files 2: Local authorities: Correspondence concerning police matters and administration of justice, 1782-1790 (Gruppeordnede sager 2: Lokale myndigheder: Breve vedr. justits- og politivæsenet)
  • 678:3.81.262 Subject files 5: Military matters: Orders and instructions for the military units, 1744-1806 (Gruppeordnede sager 5: Militære forhold: Ordrer og instruktioner til de militære afdelinger)
  • Sheriff in Christiansted (The Lower Court Judge in Christiansted) - SC
  • (Christiansted byfoged)
  • Archive no. 684
  • 684:38.9.2 Police Court proceedings 1756-1814, 1764-1774 (Politiretsprotokoller)
  • 684:38.9.6 Police Court proceedings 1756-1814, 1781-1785
  • 684:38.9.8 Police Court proceedings 1756-1814, 1785-1789
  • 684:38.9.10 Police Court proceedings 1756-1814, 1789-1800

Literature

  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge, 2010.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Af praktiske grunde. Omkring teorien om menneskelig handlen. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzels Forlag, 1997.
  • Bro-Jørgensen, J. O. Dansk Vestindien indtil 1755. Kolonisation og kompagnistyre. Vol. 1, Vore gamle tropekolonier. Copenhagen: Fremad, 1966.
  • Campbell, Mavis. The Dynamics of Change in a Slave Society. A Sociopolitical History of the Free Coloreds of Jamaica, 1800-1865. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1975.
  • Cox, Edward. Free Coloreds in the Slave Societies of St. Kitts and Grenada, 1763-1833. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.
  • Gøbel, Erik. ‘Danmarks slavehandelsforbud 1792’. Siden Saxo 26, no. 1 (2009): 40–9.
  • Gøbel, Erik. ‘Første danske rejse til Sankt Croix med skibet ENIGHEDEN 1733-1734’. Handels- og Søfartsmuseets Årbog, 68 (2009): 91–115.
  • Haagensen, Reimert. Description of the Island of St. Croix in America in the West Indies. Trans. Arnold R. Highfield. St. Croix: Virgin Islands Humanities Council, 1995.
  • Hall, Neville A. T. Slave Society in the Danish West Indies: St. Thomas, St. John, and St. Croix Ed. B. W. Higman. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
  • Handler, Jerome S. The Unappropriated People: Freedmen in the Slave Society of Barbados. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974.
  • Heuman, Gad. Between Black and White. Race, Politics, and the Free Coloreds in Jamaica, 1792-1865. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.
  • King, Stewart R. Blue Coat or Powdered Wig. Free People of Color in Pre-Revolutionary Saint Domingue. London: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
  • Knight, Franklin W. ‘The Disintegration of Caribbean Slave Systems, 1772-1886’. In General History of the Caribbean. Vol. 3, The Slave Societies of the Caribbean, ed. Franklin W. Knight, 322–45. London: UNESCO Publishing, 1997.
  • Landers, Jane G. Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
  • Larsen, Jens. Virgin Islands Story. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1950.
  • Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas. Geschichte der Mission der evangelischen Brüder auf den caraibischen Inslen S. Thomas, S. Croix und S. Jan. Vol. 1. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1995.
  • Olsen, Poul E. ‘Danske Lov på de vestindiske øer’. In Danske og Norske Lov i 300 år, ed. Ditlev Tamm, 289–321. Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag, 1983.
  • Olsen, Poul E. ‘I alle Maader i Lighed med den blanke Slægt: Danske overvejelser om de vestindiske frikulørte 1815-18’. Danske Magazin 51, no. 1 (2010): 195–242.
  • Rezende, Elizabeth. Cultural Identity of the Free Colored in Christiansted, St. Croix, Danish West Indies 1800-1848. PhD diss. Cincinnati: Union Institute, 1997.
  • Simonsen, Gunvor. En fortræffelig Constitution – Om konstruktionen af social orden på de Dansk Vestindiske Øer i sidste halvdel af 1700-tallet. MA diss. Roskilde: University of Roskilde, 2000.
  • Vibæk, Jens. Dansk Vestindien 1755-1848. Vestindiens Storhedstid. Vol. 3, Vore gamle tropekolonier. Copenhagen: Fremad, 1966.
  • Williams, Eric. From Colombus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, 1492-1769. London: André Deutsch, 1970.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.