3,719
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Gender-equality pioneering, or how three Nordic states celebrated 100 years of women’s suffrage

, &
Pages 624-647 | Received 02 Sep 2021, Accepted 21 Dec 2021, Published online: 25 Jan 2022

References

  • Anderson, Jenny, and Mary Hilson. “Images of Sweden and the Nordic Countries.” Scandinavian Journal of History 34, no. 3 (2009): 219–228. doi:10.1080/03468750903134681.
  • Angell, Svein Ivar, and Mads Mordhorst. “National Reputation Management and the Competition State: The Cases of Denmark and Norway.” Journal of Cultural Economy 8, no. 2 (2015): 184–201. doi:10.1080/17530350.2014.885459.
  • Anholt, Simon. Places: Identity, Image and Reputation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Aronczyk, Melissa. “Nation Branding: A Twenty-First Century Tradition.” In Nation Branding in Modern History, edited by Carolin Viktorin, Jessica C.E. Gienow-Hecht, Annika Estner, and Marchel K. Will, 231–242. New York & Oxford: Berghahn, 2018.
  • Aronsson, Peter, Narve Fulsås, Pertt Haapala, and Bernard Eric Jensen. “Nordic National Histories.” In The Contested Nation: Ethnicity, Class, Religion and Gender in National Histories, edited by Stefan Berger and Chris Stefan, 256–282. New York & London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Barrling, Katarina, and Sören Holmberg, eds. Demokratins framtid. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksdag, 2018.
  • Berg, Annika, and Martin Ericsson, eds. Allmän rösträtt? Rösträttens begränsningar. Gothenburg & Stockholm: Makadam förlag, 2021.
  • Berg, Roald. Norge på egenhånd 1905–1920. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1995.
  • Björkenhem, Barbro, Lisbeth Hansing Engström, and Lena Wängnerud, eds. Rätt att rösta 1919–1995. Så fick kvinnor politiskt inflytande. Utgiven med anledning av 75-årsdagen av riksdagens beslut den 24 maj 1919 om rösträtt för kvinnor vid val till riksdagen. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksdag, 1994.
  • Blom, Ida. “1905 – et gledens eller sorgens år.” In 1905: Nye perspektiver, edited by Øystein Sørensen, 101–116. Oslo: Aschehoug, 2005.
  • Browning, Christopher S. “Branding Nordicity: Models, Identity and the Decline of Exceptionalism.” Cooperation and Conflict 42, no. 1 (2007): 27–51. doi:10.1177/0010836707073475.
  • Byrkjeflot, Haldor, Lars Mjøset, Mads Mordhorst, and Klaus Pedersen, eds. The Making and Circulation of Nordic Models, Ideas and Images. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Colman-Denstad, Are. “Historiebruk som merkevarebygging. En analyse a stemmerettsjubileet i 2013.” Master’s degree thesis, University of Oslo, 2019.
  • Country Brand Delegation [of Finland]. “Mission for Finland.” Country Brand Report, November 25, 2010. https://www.demoshelsinki.fi/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/TS_Report_EN.pdf
  • Danielsen, Hilde, Eirinn Larsen, and Ingeborg Owesen. Norsk likestillingshistorie 1814–2013. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2013.
  • Demokratin står aldrig stilla! Accessed February 25, 2020. https://firademokratin.riksdagen.se/studiematerial/studiematerialet/#Antologi-Demokratins-framtid
  • Dinnie, Keith. Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2016.
  • Einarsdóttir, Torgerdur J. “All that Glitters Is Not Gold: Shrinking and Bending Gender Equality in Rankings and Nation Branding.” NORA – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 28, no. 2 (2020): 140–152. doi:10.1080/08038740.2020.1745884.
  • Ericsson Ryste, Marte. “I mål.” Stemmerett.no. Accessed July 2, 2021a. https://www.stemmerett.no/imal/
  • Ericsson Ryste, Marte. “Women’s Rocky Road to Suffrage.” Translated by Cathinka Dahl Hambro. Stemmerett.no. Accessed July 2, 2021b. https://www.stemmerett.no/tema/verden/english.html
  • Erll, Astrid. “Cultural Memory Studies: An Introduction.” In A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies, edited by Astrid Erll and Ansgar Nünning, 1–15. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter, 2010.
  • Erll, Astrid. Memory in Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • Folkvord, Magnhild. “Et merkeår for demokratiet.” Klassekampen, November 16, 2009.
  • Government Offices of Sweden. “Handbook Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy.” Government Offices of Sweden, August 23, 2018. https://www.government.se/reports/2018/08/handbook-swedens-feminist-foreign-policy/
  • Hagemann, Gro. “To Become a Political Subject: Enfranchisement of Women in Norway.” In Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship: International Perspectives on Parliamentary Reforms, edited by Irma Sulkunen, Seija-Leena Nevala-Nurmi, and Pirjo Markkola, 120–144. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
  • Håland, Asta B. “Mødrene har grædt.” Klassekampen, March 30, 2009a.
  • Håland, Asta B. “Unsynliggjøring.” Klassekampen, April 16, 2009b.
  • Hamrin-Thorell, Ruth, Ulla Lindström, and Gunvor Stenberg, eds. Kvinnors röst och rätt. Stockholm: AB Allmänna förlaget, 1968.
  • Heiret, Jan, and Teemu Ryymin. “Konklusjon.” In Fortalt fortid. Norsk historieskriving etter 1970, edited by Jan Heiret, Teemu Ryymin, and Svein Atle Skålevåg, 340–346. Oslo: Pax Forlag, 2013.
  • Hellesnes, Andreas. “Fabricating Sweden: Studies of Swedish Public Diplomacy in France from the 1930s to the 1990s.” PhD thesis., Paris: Science Po & Oslo: University of Oslo, 2019.
  • Holgersson, Ulrika, and Lena Wängnerud, eds. Rösträttens århundrade: Kampen, utvecklingen och framtiden för demokratin i Sverige. Gothenburg & Stockholm: Makadam förlag, 2018.
  • Jensen, Bernard Eric. “Historieformidling og erindringspolitik i mindefesternes æra.” In Erindringens og glemselens politik, edited by Bernard Eric Jensen, Carsten Tage Nielsen, and Torben Weinrecih, 235–259. Copenhagen: Roskilde Universitetsforlag, 1995.
  • Jezierska, Katarzyna, and Ann Towns. “Taming Feminism? the Place of Gender Equality in the “Progressive Sweden” Brand.” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 14 (2018): 55–63. doi:10.1057/s41254-017-0091-5.
  • Jezierska, Katarzyna, and Ann Towns. “Variations on Shared Themes: Branding the Nordics as Gender Equal.” In Gender Equality and Nation Branding in the Nordic Region, edited by Eirinn Larsen, Sigrun Marie Moss, and Inger Skjelsbæk, 39–61. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Kaneva, Nadia, ed. Branding Post-Communist Nations: Marketizing National Identities in the ‘New’ Europe. London & New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Kirkebø, Tori Loven, Malcolm Langford, and Haldor Byrkleflot. “Creating Gender Exceptionalism: The Role of Global Indexes.” In Gender Equality and Nation Branding in the Nordic Region, edited by Eirinn Larsen, Sigrun Marie Moss, and Inger Skjelsbæk, 191–206. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Kuusipalo, Jaana. “Sukupuolittunut poliittinen edustus Suomessa.” Doctoral thesis, Tampere University, 2011.
  • Larsen, Eirinn. “Kvinne- og kjønnshistoriens fortellinger.” In Fortalt fortid. Norsk historieskriving etter 1970, edited by Jan Heiret, Teemu Ryymin, and Svein Atle Skålevåg, 148–175. Oslo: Pax Forlag, 2013.
  • Larsen, Eirinn. “Vellykket jubileumsfortelling.” Arbetarhistorie 173–174, no. 1–2 (2020): 103–113.
  • Larsen, Eirinn. “‘The Gender-Progressive Nordics’: A Matter of History.” In Gender Equality and Nation Branding in the Nordic Region, edited by Eirinn Larsen, Sigrun Marie Moss, and Inger Skjelsbæk, 13–38. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Larsen, Eirinn, and Lars Fredrik Øksendal. “De glemte kvinnevalgene.” Historisk Tidsskrift 92, no. 4 (2013): 563–590. doi:10.18261/1504-2944-2013-04-06.
  • Larsen, Eirinn, Sigrun Marie Moss, and Inger Skjelsbæk, eds. Gender Equality and Nation Branding in the Nordic Region. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Leira, Halvard. “The Formative Years: Norway as an Obsessive Status Seeker.” In Small States and Status Seeking: Norway’s Quest for International Standing, edited by Benjamin de Carvalho and Iver B. Neumann, 22–41. London & New York: Routledge, 2015.
  • Leonard, Mark. BritainTM: Renewing Our Identity. London: Demos, 1997.
  • Ljunggren, Jørn. “Elitist Egalitarianism: Negotiating Identity in the Norwegian Cultural Elite.” Sociology 51, no. 3 (2017): 559–574. doi:10.1177/0038038515590755.
  • Loftsdóttir, Kristin. “The Exotic North: Gender, Nation Branding and Post-Colonialism in Iceland.” NORA – Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 23, no. 4 (2015): 246–260. doi:10.1080/08038740.2015.1086814.
  • Manns, Ulla. “Minnet av kvinnors rösträtt. Jubileet och aktivister formar historien.” In Rösträttens århundrade. Kampen, utvecklingen och framtiden för demokratin i Sverige, edited by Ulrika Holgersson and Lena Wängnerud, 179–193. Gothenburg & Stockholm: Makadam förlag, 2018.
  • Manns, Ulla. “Memory Works, Memory Politics and the Centennial of Women’s Suffrage in Sweden.” L’Homme 32, no. 1 (2021): 73–87.
  • Markkola, Pirjo. “Constructing and Deconstructing the “Strong Finnish Woman”: Women’s History and Gender History.” Historiallinen Aikakauskirja 95, no. 1 (1997): 153–160.
  • Marklund, Carl. “The Social Laboratory, the Middle Way and the Swedish Model: Three Frames for the Image of Sweden.” Scandinavian Journal of History 34, no. 3 (2009): 264–285. doi:10.1080/03468750903134715.
  • Marklund, Carl. “The Nordic Model on the Global Market of Ideas: The Welfare State as Scandinavia’s Best Brand.” Geopolitics 22, no. 3 (2017): 623–639. doi:10.1080/14650045.2016.1251906.
  • Marklund, Carl, and Klaus Petersen. “Return to Sender: American Images of the Nordic Welfare State and Nordic Welfare Branding.” European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 43, no. 2 (2013): 245–257. doi:10.1515/ejss-2013-0016.
  • Melby, Kari. “Husmortid. 1900–1950.” In Med kjønnsperspektiv på norsk historie, edited by Ida Blom and Solvi Sogner, 255–331. Oslo: Cappelen Akademiske Forlag, 2005.
  • Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion, Norway. Stemmerettsjubileet 1913–2013. En sluttrapport. Oslo: Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion, 2014.
  • Ministry of Culture, Norway. “Gender Equality.” Government.no. Accessed April 15, 2020. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/equality-and-diversity/likestilling-og-inkludering/gender-equality/id670481/
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway. “Women’s Rights and Gender Equality.” Government.no. Accessed March 11, 2020. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/foreign-affairs/the-un/innsikt/womens_rights/id439433/
  • Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland. “Naisten täydet poliittiset oikeudet 100 vuotta: Toimikunnan raportti ja ehdotus äänioikeuden merkkivuoden suunnitelmaksi [Centenary of Women’s Full Political Rights in Finland: Committee Report and Proposal on a Plan for Celebration of the Anniversary].” Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, April 5, 2005.
  • Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland. “Finland Is a Gender Equality Pioneer.” Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Accessed January 1, 2021. https://stm.fi/en/Finland-is-a-gender-equality-pioneer
  • Moilanen, Teemu. “A Road Map for Finland’s Nation Branding.” In Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice, edited by Keith Dinnie, 256–261. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2016.
  • Mordhorst, Mads. “The History of Nation Branding and Nation Branding as History.” In Nation Branding in Modern History, edited by Carolin Viktorin, Jessica C. E. Guenow-Hecht, Annika Estner, and Marcel K. Will, 243–254. New York & Oxford: Berghahn, 2018.
  • Moring, Anna, ed. Kön och politik. 100 år av kvinnlig rösträtt i Finland. Helsinki: Förlagsaktiebolaget Otava, 2006.
  • Nilsson, Torbjörn. “Sista akten i rösträttsdramat.” Demokrati100.se. https://demokrati100.se/sista-akten-i-rostrattsdramat/
  • Norlén, Andreas. “Förord.” In Demokratins framtid, edited by Katarina Barrling and Sören Holmberg, 7–8. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksdag, 2018.
  • Riksbankens jubileumsfond. “RJ skänker antologi till lärare.” Riksbankens jubileumsfond. Accessed November 11, 2021. https://www.rj.se/Nyheter/2019/rj-skanker-antologi-till-larare/
  • Roux, Torunn Egge. “Huitfeldt vil feire kvinners stemmerett.” Stavanger Aftenblad, April 21, 2009.
  • Skaar, Kristin Marie. “Norsk likestillingshistorie ble årets vakreste bok.” Kilden, April 2, 2014. https://kjonnsforskning.no/nb/2014/04/norsk-likestillingshistorie-ble-arets-vakreste-bok
  • Skjelsbæk, Inger, and Torunn L. Tryggestad. “Protecting the Brand? Hesitant Incorporation of Gender Equality in the Peace Nation.” In Gender Equality and Nation Branding in the Nordic Region, edited by Eirinn Larsen, Sigrun Marie Moss, and Inger Skjelsbæk, 113–133. London & New York: Routledge, 2021.
  • Sulkunen, Irma, Maria Lähteenmäki, and Aura Korpi-Tommola. Kvinnorna i riksdagen. Helsinki: Edita, 2007.
  • Sulkunen, Irma, Seija-Leena Nevala-Nurmi, and Pirjo Markkola. “Introduction.” In Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship: International Perspectives on Parliamentary Reform, edited by Irma Sulkunen, Seija-Leena Nevala-Nurmi, and Pirjo Markkola, 1–11. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Editing, 2009.
  • Sveriges Riksdag. “Demokratin 100 år. Samling för en stark demokrati.” Sveriges Riksdag. Accessed July 1, 2020a. https://riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/kommittedirektiv/demokratin-100-ar—samling-for-en-stark-demokrati_H6B153/
  • Sveriges Riksdag. “Filmer.” Sveriges Riksdag. Accessed February 25, 2020b. http://firademokratin.riksdagen.se/film/filmer-om-demokrati/
  • Sveriges Riksdag. “Riksdagen firar demokratin 2018–2022.” Sveriges Riksdag. Accessed February 25, 2020c. https://riksdagen.se/sv/sa-funkar-riksdagen/riksdagsforvaltningen/riksdagen-firar-demokratin-2018-2022/
  • Sveriges Riksdag. “Talmannens inledningsanförande vid seminarium om antologin ‘Rösträttens århundrade’.” Sveriges Riksdag. Accessed July 1, 2020d. https://riksdagen.se/sv/aktuellt/2018/dec/18/talmannens-inledningsanforande-vid-seminarium-om-antologin-rostrattens-arhundrade/
  • Swedish Institute. “The Swedish Institute.” The Swedish Institute. Accessed August 10, 2021. https://si.se/en/
  • Towns, Ann. “Paradoxes of (In)equality: Something Is Rotten in the Gender Equal State of Sweden.” Cooperation and Conflict 37, no. 2 (2002): 157–179. doi:10.1177/0010836702037002975.
  • Towns, Ann. Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Vangen, Albertine Jensen. 2020. “Gender Equal Forerunners? Images and Imaginings of the Nordic Countries in the International Women’s Suffrage Movement 1902–1914.” Master’s degree thesis, University of Oslo.
  • Viktorin, Carolin, Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht, Annika Estner, and Marchel K. Will, eds. Nation Branding in Modern History. New York & Oxford: Berghahn, 2018.
  • Vuignier, Renaud. “Place Marketing and Place Branding: A Systematic (And Tentatively Exhaustive) Literature Review.” IDHEAP Working Paper 5/2016. Lausanne: University of Lausanne, 2016.