Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grains exposed to fungicides on fusarium head blight control in southern Brazil

References

• CONAB. Acompanhamento da Safra Brasileira de Grãos, 2014-2015, Paper 1, serie 3, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB): Brasília, DF, 2015; 86–87.
   Google Scholar
• Del Ponte, E.M.; Fernandes, J.M.C.; Pavan, W.; Baethgen, W.E. A model-based assessment of the impacts of climate variability on Fusarium head blight seasonal risk in southern Brazil. J. Phytopathol. 2009, 157, 675–681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astolfi, P.; Reynoso, M.M.; Ramirez, M.L.; Chulze, S.N.; Alves, T.C.A.; Tessmann, D.J.; Del Ponte, E.M. Genetic population structure and trichothecene genotypes of Fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat in southern Brazil. Plant. Pathol. 2012, 61, 289–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avozani, A.; Reis, E.M.; Tonin, R.B. In vitro sensitivity reduction of Fusarium graminearum to DMI and QoI fungicides. Summa Phytopathol. 2014, 40, 358–364.
   Google Scholar
• Cowger, C.; Patton-Özkurt, J.; Brown-Guedira, G.; Perugini, L. Post-anthesis moisture increased Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol levels in North Carolina winter wheat. Phytopathology. 2009, 99(4), 320–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida, M.; Nakajima, T. Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol accumulation in wheat infected with Fusarium graminearum during grain development. Phytopathology. 2010, 100(8), 763–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spolti, P.; Jorge, B.C.D.; Del Ponte, E.M. Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum causing head blight of wheat in Brazil to tebuconazole and metconazole fungicides. Trop. Plant Pathol. 2012, 37, 419–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, T. Progress and outlook for the control of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol contamination due to Fusarium head blight in wheat. JSM Mycotoxins. 2007, 57, 129–134.
   Google Scholar
• Reunião da Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo e Triticale. Informações Técnicas Para Trigo e Triticale – Safra 2013 6; Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR): Londrina, PR, 2013; 1–200.
   Google Scholar
• Zadoks, J.C.; Chang, T.T.; Konzak, C.F. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res. 1974, 14, 415–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulart, C.A.; Debortoli, M.; Madalosso, M.G.; Balardin, R.S.; Santos, P.S.D.; Corte, G.D.; Lenz, G.; Marques, L.N. Spectrum spray droplets and control of diseases in two wheat cultivars. Cienc. Rural. 2013, 43, 1747–1753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casa, R.T.; Bogo, A.; Moreira, É.N.; Kuhnem Junior, P.R. Time of application and fungicide performance in the control of wheat scab. Cienc. Rural. 2007, 37, 1558–1563.
   Google Scholar
• Pizzutti, I.R.; Spanjer, M.C.; Souza, D.M.; Scholten, J.M.; Kok, A.; Dias, J.V.; Cardoso, C.D.; Guterres, C.W.; Bruinsma, J.S.; Boss, R.; Valentin, A.P.F.; Wagner, J.F. In Analytical Method Validation and Monitoring of 12 Mycotoxins in Wheat Grain, Processed Milling Products, at a Field Study and at Different Points of Brazilian Supply and Commercial Chains, Proceedings of the World Mycotoxin Forum (8th Conference), Vienna, Austria, Nov 10–12, 2014; 131–132.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, F.A.Z.; Azevedo, C.A.V. Version of the computer program Assistat for the Windows operating system. Revista Brasileira de Produtos Agroindustriais. 2002, 4, 71–78.
   Google Scholar
• Moschini, R.C.; Pioli, R.; Carmona, M.; Sacchi, O. Empirical predictions of wheat head blight in the Northern Argentinean Pampas region. Crop Sci. 2001, 41, 1541–1545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, P.A.; Lipps, P.E.; Hershman, D.E.; McMullen, M.P.; Draper, M.A.; Madden, L.V. Efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat: A multivariate meta-analysis. Phytopathology. 2008, 98(9), 999–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesterházy, Á.; Bartók, T.; Lamper, C. Influence of wheat cultivar, species of Fusarium, and isolate aggressiveness on the efficacy of fungicides for control of Fusarium head blight. Plant Dis. 2003, 87, 1107–1115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, P.A.; McMullen, M.P.; Hershman, D.E.; Madden, L.V. Meta-analysis of the effects of triazole-based fungicides on wheat yield and test weight as influenced by Fusarium head blight intensity. Phytopathology. 2010, 100(8), 160–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesterházy, Á.; Tóth, B.; Varga, M.; Bartók, T.; Szabó-Hevér, Á.; Farády, L.; Lehoczki-Krsjak, S. Role of fungicides, application of nozzle types, and the resistance level of wheat varieties in the control of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol. Toxins. 2011, 3, 1453–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulik, T.; Lojko, M.; Jestoi, M.; Perkowski, J. Sublethal concentrations of azoles induce Tri transcript levels and trichothecene production in Fusarium graminearum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2012, 335, 58–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauler-Machnik, A.; Zahn, K. Ear fusarioses in wheat – New findings on their epidemiology and control with Folicur® (tebuconazole). Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer. 1994, 4, 129–155.
   Google Scholar
• Avozani, A.; Tonin, R.B.; Reis, E.M.; Camera, J.; Ranzi, C. In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum isolates to fungicides. Summa Phytopathol. 2014, 40, 231–247.
   Google Scholar
• Ransom, J.; McMullen, M. Yield and disease control on hard winter wheat cultivars with foliar fungicides. Agron J. 2008, 100, 1130–1137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesterházy, A.; Bartok, T.; Mirocha, C.G.; Komoroczy, R. Nature of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and the role of deoxynivalenol for breeding. Plant Breeding. 1999, 118, 97–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirocha, C.J.; Kolaczkowski, E.; Xie, W.; Yu, H.; Jelen, H. Analysis of deoxynivalenol and its derivatives (batch and single kernel) using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 1414–1418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidukowski, M.; Visconti, A.; Perrone, G.; Vanadia, S.; Pancaldi, D.; Covarelli, L.; Balestrazzi, R.; Pascale, M. Effect of prothioconazole-based fungicides on Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat under field conditions. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 2012, 51, 236–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calori-Domingues, M.A.; Almeida, R.R.; Tomiwaka, M.M.; Gallo, C.R.; Gloria, E.M.; Dias, C.T.S. Ocorrência de desoxinivalenol em trigo nacional e importado utilizado no Brasil. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. 2007, 27(1), 181–185.
   Google Scholar
• Creppy, E.E. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol. Lett. 2002, 127, 19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, S.G.; Pirgozliev, S.R.; Hare, M.C.; Jenkinson, P. Quantification of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species in harvested grain by competitive PCR to determine efficacies of fungicides against Fusarium head blight of winter wheat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001, 67, 1575–1580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochiai, N.; Tokai, T.; Takahashi-Ando, N.; Fujimura, M.; Kimura, M. Genetically engineered Fusarium as a tool to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on initiation of trichothecenes biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2007, 275, 53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audenaert, K.; Callewaert, E.; Hofte, M.; De Saeger, S.; Haesaert, G. Hydrogen peroxide induced by the fungicide prothioconazole triggers deoxynivalenol (DON) production by Fusarium graminearum. BMC Microbiol. 2010, 10, 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y.J.; Fan, P.S.; Zhang, X.; Chen, C.J.; Zhou, M.G. Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on Fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield of winter wheat. Phytopathology. 2009, 99(1), 95–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirgozliev, S.R.; Edwards, S.G.; Hare, M.C.; Jenkinson, P. Effect of dose rate of azoxystrobin and metconazole on the development of Fusarium head blight and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat grain. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 2002, 108, 469–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Mello, J.P.F.; Macdonald, A.M.C.; Postel, D.; Dijksma, W.T.P.; Dujardin, A.; Placinta, C.M. Pesticide use and mycotoxin production in Fusarium and Aspergillus phytopathogens. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 1998, 104, 741–751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, D.R.; Weston, G.E.; Turner, J.A.; Jennings, P.; Nicholson, P. Differential control of head blight pathogens of wheat by fungicides and consequences for mycotoxin contamination of grain. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 2001, 107, 421–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyacioglu, D.; Hettiarachchy, N.S.; Stack, R.W. Effects of three systemic fungicides on deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) production by Fusarium graminearum in wheat. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 1992, 72, 93–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidukowski, M.; Pascale, M.; Perrone, G.; Pancaldi, D.; Campagna, C.; Visconti, A. Effect of fungicides on the development of Fusarium head blight, yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat inoculated under field conditions with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2005, 85, 191–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, W.; Langseth, W.; Skinnes, H.; Oleif, E.N.; Sundheim, L. Comparison of visual head blight ratings, seed infection levels, and deoxynivalenol production for assessment of resistance in cereals inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 1997, 103, 589–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar