Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in the frog, Rana chensinensis, when exposed to low doses of trichlorfon

References

• Hayes, T.B.; Case, P.; Chui, S.; Chung, D.; Haeffele, C.; Haston, K.; Lee, M.; Mai, V.P.; Marjuoa, Y.; Parker, J.; Tsui, M. Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: Are we underestimating the impact? Environ. Health. Persp. 2006, 114(Suppl. 1), 40–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Environmental Health Criteria 132: Trichlorfon International Program on Chemical Safety; WHO: Geneva, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Lopes, R.B.; Paraiba, L.C.; Ceccarelli, P.S.; Tornisielo, V.L. Bioconcentration of trichlorfon insecticidein pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Chemosphere. 2006, 64(1), 56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomaz, J.M.; Martins, N.D.; Monteiro, D.A.; Rantin, F.T.; Kalinin, A.L. Cardio-respiratory function and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia exposed to the organophosphate insecticide trichlorfon (NEGUVON). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2009, 72(5), 1413–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho, S.; Oliveira, R.; Pereira, S.; Musso, C.; Domingues, I.; Bhujel, R.C.; Soares, A.M.; Nogueira, A.J. Assessing lethal and sub-lethal effects of trichlorfon on different trophic levels. Aquat. Toxicol. 2011, 103(3–4), 191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, W.; Liu, W.; Lu, K.; Jiang, Y.; Li, G. Effect of trichlorfon on oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis of Carassius auratus gibelio in vivo. Fish. Physiol. Biochem. 2012, 38(3), 769–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C.C.; Rahmawaty, A.; Chang, Z.W. Molecular and immunological responses of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, to the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. Aquat. Toxicol. 2013, 130–131, 18–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novo, E.; Parola, M. The role of redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2012, 5(Suppl 1), S4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valko, M.; Leibfritz, D.; Moncol, J.; Cronin, M.T.; Mazur, M.; Telser, J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 2007, 39(1), 44–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sies, H. Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Angewandte Chemie Int. Edition. 1986, 25(12), 1058–1071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oost, R.; Beyer, J.; Vermeulen, N.P. Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2003, 13(2), 57–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilce, M.C.; Parker, M.W. Structure and function of glutathione S-transferases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1994, 1205(1), 1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mataqueiro, M.I.; Nakaghi, L.S.; Souza, J.P.; Cruz, C.D.; Oliveira, G.H.; Urbinati, E.C. Histopathological changes in the gill, liver and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) exposed to various concentrations of trichlorfon. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2009, 25(1), 124–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.Y.; Xiao, N.; Zhang, Y.H. Toxic effects of octylphenol on the expression of genes in liver identified by suppression subtractive hybridization of Rana chensinensis. Ecotoxicol. 2014, 23(1), 1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.Y.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Y.H. Octylphenol induced gene expression in testes of Frog, Rana chensinensis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2016, 128, 75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 1976, 72, 248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peskin, A.V.; Winterbourn, C.C. A microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1). Clin. Chim. Acta. 2000, 293(1–2), 157–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagini, G.; Sala, D.; Zini, I. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a superoxide dismutase inhibitor, counteracts the maturation of ischemic-like lesions caused by endothelin-1 intrastriatal injection. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 190(3), 212–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Góth, L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1991, 196(2–3), 143–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, J.; Won, E.J.; Hwang, D.S.; Rhee, J.S.; Kim, I.C.; Lee, J.S. Effect of copper exposure on GST activity and on the expression of four GSTs under oxidative stress condition in the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus koreanus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2013, 158(2), 91–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, H.H.; Hadley, M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods. Enzymol. 1990, 186, 421–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eraslan, G.; Kanbur, M.; Silici, S.; Karabacak, M. Beneficial effect of pine honey on trichlorfon induced some biochemical alterations in mice. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010, 73(5), 1084–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, T.; Li, Z.B.; Guo, X.Q.; Guo, J.P. Effects of trichlorfon and sodium dodecyl sulphate on antioxidant defense system and acetylcholinesterase of Tilapia nilotica in vitro. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 2008, 92(3), 107–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C.C.; Lee, P.P.; Liu, C.H.; Cheng, W. Trichlorfon, an organophosphorus insecticide, depresses the immune responses and resistance to Lactococcus garvieae of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish. Shellfish. Immunol. 2006, 20(4), 574–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, S.; Parvez, S.; Sayeed, I.; Haque, R.; Bin-Hafeez, B.; Raisuddin, S. Biomarkers of oxidative stress: A comparative study of river Yamuna fish Wallago attu (Bl. & Schn.). Sci. Total. Environ. 2003, 309(1–3), 105–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro, D.A.; Almeidab, J.A.; Rantina, F.T.; Kalinin, A.L. Oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish, Brycon cephalus, exposed to organophosphorus insecticide Folisuper 600 (methyl parathion). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2006, 143(2), 141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone, D.R. The fate of organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: Quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol. 1998, 120(1), 43–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristoff, G.; Verrengia, G.N.R.; Cochón, A.C. Effects of azinphos-methyl exposure on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus. Chemosphere. 2008, 72(9), 1333–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivadeneira, P.R.; Agrelo, M.; Otero, S.; Kristoff, G. Different effects of subchronic exposure to low concentrations of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in a freshwater gastropod. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2013, 90, 82–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezemonye, L.; Tongo, I. Sublethal effects of endosulfan and diazinon pesticides on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in various tissues of adult amphibians (Bufo regularis). Chemosphere. 2010, 81(2), 214–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, F.; Feng, W.Y.; Shi, J.W.; Wang, M.; Huang, Y.Y.; He, W.; Chai, Z.F. SRXRF study of trace elements in hippocampus of pup rats after prenatal and postnatal exposure to low-level mercury. J. Radioanal. and Nucl. Chem. 2007, 272(3), 533–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, C.J.; Whyte, J.J.; Roberts, A.P.; Annis, M.L.; May, T.W.; Tillitt, D.E. Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead–zinc mining areas of southeastern Missouri, USA. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2007, 67(1), 31–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, X.; Jiang, S.; Yu, J.; Zhu, G.; Wu, H.; Mao, C. Effects of spirotetramat on the acute toxicity, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in Chinese toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans) tadpoles. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2014, 37(3), 1229–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton, D.E. Cells, cellular responses, and markers in chronic toxicity of fishes. In Aquatic Toxicology: Molecular, Biochemical, and Cellular Perspectives. Malins D.C.; Ostrander G.K., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 1994; 207–239.
   Google Scholar
• Hinton, D.E.; Baumann, P.C.; Gardner, G.R.; Hawkins, W.E.; Hendricks, J.D.; Murchelan, R.A.; Okihiro, M.S. Histopathological biomarkers. In Biomarkers: Biochemical, physiological, and histopathological markers of anthropogenic stress. Hugget R.J.; Kimerle R.A.; Mehrle P.M.; Bergman H.L., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 1992; 155–208.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, W.N.; Liu, W.B.; Liu, Z.P. Trichlorfon-induced apoptosis in hepatocyte primary cultures of Carassius auratus gibelio. Chemosphere. 2009, 77(7), 895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan, P.; Yang, C.; Su, J.; Cao, J.; Ou, C.; Luo, C.; Tang, Y.; Wang, Q.; Yang, F.; Shi, J.; Lu, X.; Zhu, L.; Qin, H.; Sun, W.; Lao, Y.; Li, Y. Histopathological changes in the liver of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) persistently infected with hepatitis B virus. Virol. J. 2013, 10, 333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco, R.; Sánchez-Olea, R.; Reyes-Reyes, E.M.; Panayiotidis, M.I. Environmental toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis: Ménage à Trois. Mutat. Res-gen. Tox. En. 2009, 674(1–2), 3–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar