Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Escherichia coli from eagles and goshawks

References

• Bonnedahl, J.; Järhult, J. D. Antibiotic Resistance in Wild Birds. Ups. J. Med. Sci. 2014, 119, 113–116. DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2014.905663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kmet, V.; Drugdova, Z.; Kmetova, M.; Stanko, M. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Rooks. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2013, 20, 273–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, J. M.; Gast, R. J.; Bogomolni, A.; Ellis, J. C.; Lentell, B. J.; Touhey, K.; Moore, M. Occurrence and Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Vertebrates off the Northeastern United States Coast. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2009, 67, 421–431. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00648.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, D.; Drum, D. J.; Stalknecht, D. E.; White, D. G.; Lee, M. D.; Ayers, S.; Sobsey, M.; Maurer, J. J. Free-Living Canada Geese and Antimicrobial Resistance. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005, 11, 935–938. DOI: 10.3201/eid1106.040717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarda, A.; Circella, E.; Pennelli, D.; Madio, A.; Bruni, G.; Lagrasta, V.; Marzano, G.; Mallia, E.; Campagnari, E. Wild Birds as Biological Indicators of Environmental Pollution: biotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated from Audouin’s Gulls (Larus Audouinii) Living in the Bay of Gallipoli (Italy). Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2006, 5, 287–290. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2006.287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolejska, M.; Bierosova, B.; Kohoutova, L.; Literak, I.; Cizek, A. Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella and Escherichia coli Isolates with Integrons and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Surface Water and Sympatric Black-Headed Gulls. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 106, 1941–1950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito, S. Patogenic Escherichia coli. In: Molecular and Cellular Microbiology. EU Reference Laboratory for E. coli. Instituto Superiore si Sanita: Rome, Italy, 2014; pp. 2–3.
   Google Scholar
• Ewers, C.; Antao, E. M.; Diehl, I.; Philipp, H. C.; Wieler, L. H. Intestine and Environment of the Chicken as Reservoirs for Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains with Zoonotic Potential. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75, 184–192. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01324-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewers, C.; Janßen, T.; Kießling, S.; Philipp, H.-C.; Wieler, L. H. Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolated from Colisepticemia in Poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 2004, 104, 91–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navidinia, M.; Teymouri, A. R.; Goudarzi, M. Assessment of Correlation between Urinary Secretory IgA (sIgA) Levels and Different Types of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Various Age Groups. J. Paramed. Sci. (JPS), 2018, 9, 51–55.
   Google Scholar
• Kaper, J. B.; Nataro, J. P.; Mobley, H. L. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2004, 2, 123–140. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin-Schouleur, M.; Schouler, C.; Tailliez, P.; Kao, M. R.; Bree, A.; Germon, P.; Oswald, E.; Mainil, J.; Blanco, M.; Blanco, J. Common Virulence Factors and Genetic Relationships between O18 : K1 : H7 Escherichia coli Isolates of Human and Avian Origin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006, 44, 3484–3492. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00548-06.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ron, E. Z. Host Specificity of Septicemic Escherichia coli: Human and Avian Pathogens. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2006, 9, 28–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2005.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregova, G.; Kmetova, M.; Kmet, V.; Venglovsky, J.; Feher, A. Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from a Poultry Slaughterhouse. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2012, 19, 75–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattringer, R.; Nikš, M.; Ostertág, R.; Schwarz, K.; Medvedovic, H.; Graninger, W.; Georgopoulos, A. Evaluation of MIDITECH Automated Colorimetric MIC Reading for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2002, 49, 651–659. DOI: 10.1093/jac/49.4.651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 8.0, 2018. http://www.eucast.org.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. R.; Stell, A. L. Extended Virulence Genotypes of Escherichia coli Strains from Patients with Urosepsis in Relation to Phylogeny and Host Compromise. J. Infect. Dis. 2000, 181, 261–272. DOI: 10.1086/315217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley, S. L.; Home, S. M.; Giddings, C. W.; Robinson, M.; Nolan, L. K. Iss from a Virulent Avian Escherichia coli. Avian. Dis. 2000, 44, 185–191. DOI: 10.2307/1592523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozois, C. M.; Dho-Moulin, M.; Brée, A.; Fairbrother, J. M.; Desautels, C.; Curtiss, I. I. R. Relationship between the Tsh Autotransporter and Pathogenicity of Avian Escherichia coli and Localization and Analysis of the Tsh Genetic Region. Infect. Immun. 2000, 68, 4145–4154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bouguénec, C.; Archambaud, M.; Labigne, A. Rapid and Specific Detection of the Pap, Afa, and Sfa Adhesin-Encoding Operons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Polymerase Chain Reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1992, 30, 1189–1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Siek, K. E.; Giddings, C. W.; Doetkott, C. Comparison of Escherichia coli Isolates Implicated in Human Urinary Tract Infection and Avian Colibacillosis. Microbiology 2005, 151, 2097–2110. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27499-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ] Russo, T. A.; Carlino, U. B.; Johnson, J. R. Identification of a New Iron-Regulated Virulence Gene, ireA, in an Extraintestinal Pathogenic Isolate of Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 2001, 69, 6209–6216. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6209-6216.2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubert, S.; Rakin, A.; Karch, H.; Carniel, E.; Heesemann, J. Prevalence of the “High Pathogenicity Island” of Yersinia Species among Escherichia coli Strains That are Pathogenic to Humans. Infect. Immun. 1998, 66, 480–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, T. A.; Carlino, U. B.; Mong, A.; Jodush, S. T. Identification of Genes in an Extraintestinal Isolate of Escherichia coli with Increased Expression after Exposure to Human Urine. Infect. Immun. 1999, 67, 5306–5314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazel, D.; Dychinco, B.; Webb, V. A.; Davies, J. Antibiotic Resistance in the ECOR Collection: Integrons and Identification of a Novel aad Gene. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2000, 44, 1568–1574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weill, F. W.; Demartin, M.; Fabre, L.; Grimot, P. Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (TEM-52)-Producing Strains of Salmonella enterica of Various Serotypes Isolated in France. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004, 42, (3), 3359–3362. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3359-3362.2004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robicsek, A.; Strahilevitz, J.; Sahm, D. F.; Jacoby, G. A.; Hooper, D. C. Qnr Prevalence in Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from the United States. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006, 50, 2872–2874. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01647-05.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamane, K.; Wachino, J.; Suzuki, S.; Arakawa, Y. Plasmid-Mediated qepA Gene among Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Japan. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2008, 52, 1564–1566. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01137-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X.; Zhang, W.; Pan, W.; Yin, J.; Pan, Z.; Gao, S.; Jiao, X. Prevalence of qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, and oqxAB in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Animals, and the Environment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2012, 56, 3423–3427. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.06191-11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerrn, M. B.; Klemmensen, T.; Frimodt-Moller, N.; Espersen, F. Susceptibility of Danish Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Bacteraemia, and Distribution of Sul Genes Conferring Sulphonamide Resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2002, 50, 513–516. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkf164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra, B.; Junker, E.; Helmut, R. Incidence of the Recently Described Sulfonamide Resistance Gene sul3 among German Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Livestock and Food. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 2004, 48, 2712–2715. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2712-2715.2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navia, M. M.; Ruiz, J.; Sanchez-Cespedes, J.; Vila, J. Detection of Dihydrofolate Reductase Genes by PCR and RFLP. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2003, 46, 295–298. DOI: 10.1016/S0732-8893(03)00062-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingshead, S.; Vapnek, D. Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a Gene Encoding a Streptomycin/Spectinomycin Adenyltransferase. Plasmid 1985, 13, 17–30. DOI: 10.1016/0147-619X(85)90052-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillaume, G.; Verbrugge, D.; Chasseur-Libotte, M. L.; Moens, W.; Collard, J. M. PCR Typing of Tetracycline Resist Ance Determinants (Tet A-E) in Salmonella enterica Serotype Hadar and in the Microbial Community of Activated Sludges from Hospital and Urban Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Belgium. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2000, 32, 77–85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00701.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, S. A.; Sung, K.; Nawaz, M. S. Detection of aacA-aphD, qacEd1, Mara, floR, and tetA Genes from Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Comparative Analysis of Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assays Using EvaGreen® and SYBR® Green I Dyes. Mol. Cell. Probes 2011, 25, 78–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Pérez, P. J.; Hanson, N. D. Detection of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC beta-Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates by Using Multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002, 40, 2153–2162. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clermont, O.; Christenson, J. K.; Denamur, E.; Gordon, D. M. The Clermont Escherichia coli Phylo-Typing Method Revisited: Improvement of Specificity and Detection of New Phylo-Groups. Environ. Microbiol. Reports 2013, 5, 58–65. DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepanović, S.; Vuković, D.; Hola, V.; Bonaventura, G. D.; Djukić, S.; Ćirković, I.; Ruzicka, F. Quantification of Biofilm in Microtiter Plates: Overview of Testing Conditions and Practical Recommendations for Assessment of Biofilm Production by Staphylococci. APMIS. 2007, 115, 891–899. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. L.; Fratamico, P. M.; Gunther, N. W. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2007, 4, 134–163. DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo, H.; Allan, R. N.; Howlin, R. P.; Stoodley, P.; Hall-Stoodley, L. Targeting Microbial Biofilms: Current and Prospective Therapeutic Strategies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2017, 15, 740–755. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayah, R. S.; Kaneene, J. B.; Johnson, Y.; Miller, R. A. Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Observed in Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Domestic- and Wild-Animal Fecal Samples, Human Septage, and Surface Water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71, 1394–1404. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1394-1404.2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guenther, S.; Grobbel, M.; Lübke-Becker, A.; Goedecke, A.; Friedrich, N. D.; Wieler, L. H.; Ewers, C. H. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from Common European Wild Bird Species. Vet. Microbiol. 2010, 144, 219–225. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Literak, I.; Dolejska, M.; Janoszowska, D.; Hrusakova, J.; Meissner, W.; Rzyska, H.; Bzoma, S.; Cizek, A. Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria, Including Strains with Genes Encoding the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and QnrS, in Waterbirds on the Baltic Sea Coast of Poland. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010, 76, 8126–8134. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01446-10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, C. M.; White, D. G.; Meng, J. Retail Meat and Poultry as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli. Food Microbiol. 2004, 21, 249–255. DOI: 10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00074-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drugdova, Z.; Kmet, V. Prevalence of β-Lactam and Fluoroquinolone Resistance, and Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens in Slovakia. Biologia 2013, 68, 11–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Bogaard, A. E.; Stobberingh, E. E. Epidemiology of Resistance to Antibiotics. Links between Animals and Humans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2000, 14, 327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Indicator Bacteria from Humans, Animals and Food in 2016. EFSA J. 2018, 16, 5182. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5182, ISSN: 1831-4732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Literak, I.; Reitschmied, T.; Bujnakova, D.; Dolejska, M.; Cizek, A.; Bardon, J.; Pokludova, L.; Alexa, P.; Halova, D.; Jamborova, I. Broilers as a Source of Quinolone-Resistant and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in the Czech Republic. Microb. Drug Resist. 2013, 19, 57–63. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, P. M.; Loureiro, L.; Matos, A. Transfer of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria between Intermingled Ecological Niches: The Interface between Humans, Animals and the Environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 278–294. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco, G.; Lemus, J. A.; Grande, J.; Gangoso, L.; Grande, J. M.; Donazar, J. A.; Arroyo, B.; Frías, O.; Hiraldo, F. Geographical Variation in Cloacal Microflora and Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance in a Threatened Avian Scavenger in Relation to Diet and Livestock Farming Practices. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 9, 1738–1749. DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01291.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolejska, M.; Cizek, A.; Literak, I. High Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes and Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolates from Black-Headed Gulls in the Czech Republic. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2007, 103, 11–19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03241.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cizek, A.; Dolejska, M.; Karpíšková, R.; Dedicová, D.; Literák, I. Wild Black-Heade Gulls (Larus Ridibundus) as an Environmental Reservoir of Salmonella Strains Resistant to Antimicrobial Drugs. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2007, 53, 55–60. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-006-0054-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, H. Y.; Jeong, Y. S.; Oh, J. Y.; Tae, S. H.; Choi, C. H.; Moon, D. C.; Lee, W. K.; Lee, Y. C.; Seol, S. Y.; Cho, D. T.; Lee, J. C. Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Class 1 Integrons Found in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans and Animals in Korea. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2005, 55, 639–644. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radhouani, H.; Igrejas, G.; Gonçalves, A.; Poeta, P.; Sargo, R.; Pacheco, R. Wild Birds as Biological Indicators of Environmental Pollution: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococci Isolated from Common Buzzards (Buteo Buteo). J. Med. Microbiol. 2012, 61, 837–843. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.038364-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkeviciene, L.; Klimiene, I.; Siugzdiniene, R.; Virgailis, M.; Mockeliunas, R.; Ruzauskas, M. Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Multi-Resistant Escherichia coli in Wild Birds. Acta Vet. Brno 2018, 87, 9–17. DOI: 10.2754/avb201887010009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soufi, L.; Abbassi, M. S.; Sáenz, Y.; Vinué, L.; Somalo, S.; Zarazaga, M.; Abbas, A.; Dbaya, R.; Khanfir, L.; Ben Hassen, A.; et al. Prevalence and Diversity of Integrons and Associated Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Meat in Tunisia. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2009, 6, 1067–1073., &. DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinué, L.; Sáenz, Y.; Rojo-Bezares, B.; Olarte, I.; Undabeitia, E.; Somalo, S.; Zarazaga, M.; Torres, C. Genetic Environment of Sul Genes and Characterisation of Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolates of Blood Origin in a Spanish Hospital. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2010, 35, 492–496. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.01.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlickova, S.; Klancnik, A.; Dolezalova, M.; Mozina, S. S.; Holko, I. Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation Ability in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat and Wildlife in the Czech Republic. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2017, 52, 570–576. DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1318637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Siek, K. E.; Giddings, C. W.; Doetkott, C.; Johnson, T. J.; Nolan, L. K. Characterizing the APEC Pathotype. Vet. Res. 2005, 36, 241–256. DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2004057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewers, C.; Li, G.; Wilking, H.; Kiebetaling, S.; Alt, K.; Antao, E. M.; Laturnus, C.; Diehl, I.; Glodde, S.; Homeier, T.; et al. Avian Pathogenic, Uropathogenic, and Newborn Meningitis-Causing Escherichia coli: How Closely Related are They? Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2007, 297, 163–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin-Schouleur, M.; Répérant, M.; Laurent, S.; Brée, A.; Mignon-Grasteau, S.; Germon, P.; Rasschaert, D.; Schouler, C. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains of Avian and Human Origin: Link between Phylogenetic Relationships and Common Virulence Patterns. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2007, 45, 3366–3376. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00037-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson, G. K.; Larsen, A. R.; Robb, A.; Edwards, G. E.; Pennycott, T. W.; Foster, G.; Mot, D.; Hermans, K.; Baert, K.; Peacock, S. J.; et al. The Newly Described mecA Homologue, mecALGA251, is Present in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Diverse Range of Host Species. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2012, 67, 2809–2813. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monecke, S.; Gavier-Widen, D.; Mattsson, R.; Rangstrup-Christensen, L.; Lazaris, A.; Coleman, D. C.; Shore, A. C.; Ehricht, R. Detection of mecC-Positive Staphylococcus aureus (CC130-MRSA-XI) in Diseased European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus Europaeus) in Sweden. PLoS One 2013, 8, e66166. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, A.; Igrejas, G.; Radhouani, H.; Correia, S.; Pacheco, R.; Santos, T.; Monteiro, R.; Guerra, A.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; Brito, F.; et al. Antimicrobial Resistance in Faecal Enterococci and Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Iberian Wolf. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2013, 56, 268–274. DOI: 10.1111/lam.12044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafi, S.; Rahimi, M.; Nikousefat, Z. Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Human and Avian Origin: Detection of the Most Common Virulence-Encoding Genes. Vet. Res. Forum 2019, 10, 43–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, L.; Gao, S.; Huan, H.; Xu, X.; Zhu, X.; Yang, W.; Gao, Q.; Liu, X. Comparison of Virulence Factors and Expression of Specific Genes between Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model and a Chicken Challenge Model. Microbiology 2009, 155, 1634–1644. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.024869-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, T. J.; Wannemuehler, Y. M.; Nolan, L. K. Evolution of the Iss Gene in Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74, 2360–2369. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02634-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsen, L.; Spangholm, D. J.; Pedersen, K.; Jensen, L. B.; Emborg, H. D.; Agerso, Y.; Aarestrup, F. M.; Hammerum, A. M.; Frimodt-Møller, N. Broiler Chickens, Broiler Chicken Meat, Pigs and Pork as Sources of ExPEC Related Virulence Genes and Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Community-Dwelling Humans and UTI Patients. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2010, 142, 264–272. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skyberg, J. A.; Siek, K. E.; Doetkott, C.; Nolan, L. K. Biofilm Formation by Avian Escherichia coli in Relation to Media, Source and Phylogeny. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2007, 102, 548–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, F.; Girardello, R.; Morais, C.; Cury, A. P.; Martins, L. F.; Silva, A. M.; Abdala, E.; Setubal, J. C.; Duarte, A. Plasmid-Mediated Mcr-1 in Carbapenem-Susceptible Escherichia coli ST156 Causing a Blood Infection: An Unnoticeable Spread of Colistin Resistance in Brazil?. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017, 72, 642–644. DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(10)09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, R. S.; Feng, Y.; Lv, X. Y.; Duan, J. H.; Chen, J.; Fang, L. X.; Xia, J.; Liao, X. P.; Sun, J.; Liu, Y. H. Emergence of NDM-5- and MCR-1-Producing Escherichia coli Clones ST648 and ST156 from a Single Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2016, 60, 6899–6902. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01365-16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellmann, A.; Fruth, A.; Friedrich, A. W.; Wieler, L. H.; Harmsen, D.; Werber, D.; Middendorf, B.; Bielaszewska, M.; Karch, H. Phylogeny and Disease Association of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O91. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2009, 15, 1474–1477. DOI: 10.3201/eid1509.090161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maluta, R. P.; Logue, C. M.; Casas, M. R. T.; Meng, T.; Guastalli, E. A. L.; Tc, Montelli, Ac, R.; Sadatsune, T.; de Carvalho Ramos, M.; Nolan, L. K.; da Silveira, W. D. Overlapped Sequence Types (STs) and Serogroups of Avian Pathogenic (APEC) and Human Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic (ExPEC) Escherichia coli Isolated in Brazil. PLoS One 2014, 9, 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmahdi, M.; Bakour, S.; Bayssari, C.; Touati, A.; Rolain, J. M. Molecular Characterisation of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Plasmid AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Broilers in Béjaïa, Algeria. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 2016, 6, 108–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar