Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
Volume 56, 2021 - Issue 5
347
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Pesticides and their metabolites in human urine: development of multi-analyte method by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS

, &

References

  • European Commission. Regulation (EC) N. 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 Concerning the Placing of Plant Protection Products on the Market and Repealing Council Directives  79/117/EEC (1979) and 91/414/EEC (1991). Official Journal of the European Union L 309.
  • Bradman, A.; Whitaker, D.; Quirós, L.; Castorina, R.; Henn, B. C.; Nishioka, M.; Morgan, J.; Barr, D. B.; Harnly, M.; Brisbin, J. A.; et al. Pesticides and Their Metabolites in the Homes and Urine of Farmworker Children Living in the Salinas Valley, CA. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2007, 17, 331–349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500507.
  • European Commission. Eurostat, Database. https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/print.do (accessed Feb 24, 2020).
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Guidance on the Assessment of Exposure of Operators, Workers, Residents and Bystanders in Risk. EFSA J. 2014, 12, 3874.
  • Christos, A.; Damallas, I.; Eleftheroborinos, G. Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues and Risk Assessment Indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402–1419.
  • Stefanelli, P.; Di Muccio, A.; Ferrara, F.; Barbini, A. D.; Generali, T.; Pelosi, P.; Amendola, G.; Vanni, F.; Di Muccio, S.; Ausili, A. Estimation of Intake of Organochlorine Pesticides and Chlorobiphenyls through Edible Fishes from the Italian Adriatic Sea during 1997. Food Control 2004, 15, 27–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(03)00004-5.
  • Katsikantami, I.; Colosio, C.; Alegakis, A.; Tzatzarakis, M. N.; Vakonaki, E.; Rizos, A. K.; Sarigiannis, D. A.; Tsatsakis, A. M. Estimation of Daily Intake and Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Biomonitoring Data - the Internal Exposure Approach. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2019, 123, 57–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.047.
  • Koureas, M.; Tsakalof, A.; Tzatzarakis, M.; Vakonaki, E.; Tsatsakis, A.; Hadjichristodoulou, C. Biomonitoring of Organophosphate Exposure of Pesticide Sprayers and Comparison of Exposure Levels with Other Population Groups in Thessaly (Greece). Occup. Environ. Med. 2014, 71, 126–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101490.
  • Kokkinaki, A.; Kokkinakis, M.; Kavvalakis, M. P.; Tzatzarakis, M. N.; Alegakis, A. K.; Maravgakis, G.; Babatsikou, F.; Fragkiadakis, G. A.; Tsatsakis, A. M. Biomonitoring of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites (DAPs) in Urine and Hair Samples of Sprayers and Rural Residents of Crete, Greece. Environ. Res. 2014, 134, 181–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.012.
  • Katsikantami, I.; Kavvalakis, M. P.; Tzatzarakis, M. N.; Nosyrev, A. E.; Vakonaki, E.; Tsatsakis, A. M.; Laboratory of Toxicology Science & Research Medical School, University of Crete. Advances on Biomonitoring of Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticides. J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Biol. 2017, 10, 153–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0019.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Pesticide Monitoring Program: Design Assessment. EFSA J. 2015, 13, 4005.
  • Barr, D. B.; Thomas, K.; Curwin, B.; Landsittel, D.; Raymer, J.; Lu, C.; Donnelly, K. C.; Acquavella, J. Biomonitoring of Exposure in Farmworker Studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 936–942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8527.
  • Garí, M.; Gonzalez-Quinteiro, Y.; Bravo, N.; Grimalt, J. O. Analysis of Metabolites of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Human Urine from Urban and Agricultural Populations (Catalonia and Galicia). Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 622, 526–533.
  • Odetokun, M. S.; Montesano, M. A.; Weerasekera, G.; Whitehead, R. D.; Needham, L. L.; Barr, D. B. Quantification of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Insecticides in Human Urine Using 96-Well Plate Sample Preparation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2010, 878, 2567–2574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.027.
  • Yusa, V.; Millet, M.; Coscolla, C.; Roca, M. Analytical Methods for Human Biomonitoring of Pesticides. A Review. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2015, 891, 15–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.032.
  • Olsson, A. O.; Baker, S. E.; Nguyen, J. V.; Romanoff, L. C.; Udunka, S. O.; Walker, R. D.; Flemmen, K. L.; Barr, D. B. A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multiresidue Method for Quantification of Specific Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Selected Herbicides, and Deet in Human Urine. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2453–2461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0355404.
  • Davis, M. D.; Wade, E. L.; Restrepo, P. R.; Esteva, W. R.; Bravo, R.; Kuklenyik, P.; Calafat, A. M. Semi-automated Solid Phase Extraction Method for the Mass Spectrometric Quantification of 12 Specific Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Selected Herbicides in Human Urine. J. Chromatogr. B 2013, 929, 18–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.005.
  • Roca, M.; Leon, N.; Pastor, A.; Yusa, V. Comprehensive Analytical Strategy for Biomonitoring of Pesticides in Urine by Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J. of Chromatogr. A 2014, 1374, 66–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.010.
  • European Union. EU Pesticides database MRL (web version -EU MRLs, file created on 22/05/2020). https://ec.europe.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/public.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Conclusion Regarding the Peer Review of the Pesticide Risk Assessment of the Active Substance Imidacloprid. EFSA Sci. Rep. 2008, 148, 1–120.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Conclusion on Pesticide Peer Review of the Pesticide Risk Assessment of the Active Substance Captan. EFSA Sci. Rep. 2009, 296, 1–90.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Review of the Existing Maximum Residue Levels for Fluazinam According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) n. 396/2005. EFSA J. 2015, 13, 4240.
  • EU Reference Laboratory for Residues of Pesticide. www.Datapool.eu. v1. 4. 326. 1 (3/26/2019).
  • Stefanelli, P.; Generali, T.; Attard Barbini, D.; Girolimetti, S. A Quick and Inexpensive Method to Determine Pesticide Residues in Olive Oil by UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Current Trends in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2019, 3, 95–107.
  • Belmonte, N.; Mezcua, M.; Martinez, A. B.; Martinez-Bueno, M. J.; Gamon, M.; Fernandez-Alba, A. R. Validation of a Multiclass Multi Residue Method and Monitoring Results for 210 Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables by Gas Chromatography Triplequadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 2014, 49, 555–568.
  • Stachniuk, A.; Fornal, E. Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. Food Anal. Methods 2016, 9, 1654–1665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0.
  • European Commission. Guidance document on pesticide residue analytical methods. SANCO/825/00 rev. 8.1. Implemented by 16.11.2010.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.