References
- Förstner, U.; Wittmann, G. T. W. Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment; Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
- Soto-Jimenez, M. F. Trace Element Trophic Transfer in Aquatic Food Webs. Hidrobiológica 2011, 21, 239–248.
- Wang, W. Dominance of Dietary Intake of Cadmium and Zinc by Two Marine Predatory Gastropods; Elsevier, 2002.
- Fisher. Toxicology Tests with Aquatic Animals Need to Consider the Trophic Transfer of Metals; Elsevier, 2002, NS Toxic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00475-4.
- Huang, H.; Jin, Y.; Chen, C.; Feng, M.; Wang, Q.; Li, D.; Chen, W.; Xing, X.; Yu, D.; Xiao, Y. A Toxicity Pathway-Based Approach for Modeling the Mode of Action Framework of Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity. Environ. Res. 2021, 199, 111328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111328.
- Gazwi, H. S. S.; Yassien, E. E.; Hassan, H. M. Mitigation of Lead Neurotoxicity by the Ethanolic Extract of Laurus Leaf in Rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 2020, 192, 110297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110297.
- Zhou, R.; Zhao, J.; Li, D.; Chen, Y.; Xiao, Y.; Fan, A.; Chen, X. T.; Wang, H. L. Combined Exposure of Lead and Cadmium Leads to the Aggravated Neurotoxicity through Regulating the Expression of Histone Deacetylase 2. Chemosphere 2020, 252, 126589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126589.
- Zaldua Etxabe, I.; Cambra Cotín, K.; Onaindia Olalde, C.; Varela Alonso, J. Cesión de Plomo y Otros Metales Desde Las Tuberías Al Agua de Consumo En La Comunidad Autónoma Del País Vasco. GACETA Sanitaria 2010, 24, 460–465. . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.09.008.
- WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 3rd edition: Volume 1 - Recommendations. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/gdwq3rev/en/. (accessed Mar 20, 2021).
- González-Estecha, M.; Trasobares Iglesias, E.; Cano Escudero, S.; Oliván Osambela, P.; Fuentes Ferrer, M.; Fernández Pérez, C.; Martínez García, M. J.; García González, Á. L.; Gaspar Blázquez, M. J.; González Revaldería, J.; et al. Determinación de Plomo y Cadmio En Sangre y Su Relación Con Fuentes de Exposición. Estudio PESA, 2008. Revista Del Laboratorio Clínico 2009, 2, 115–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labcli.2009.04.006.
- Sabath, E.; Robles-Osorio, M. L. Renal Health and the Environment: Heavy Metal Nephrotoxicity. Nefrologia 2012, 32, 279–286.
- Torres-Durán, M.; Fernández-Villar, A.; Ruano-Raviña, A. Lung Cancer Unrelated to Smoking. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed) 2018, 54, 301–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2018.01.001.
- Park, E.; Kim, S.; Song, S. H.; Lee, C. W.; Kwon, J. T.; Lim, M. K.; Park, E. Y.; Won, Y. J.; Jung, K. W.; Kim, B. Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Risk of Thyroid Cancer from National Industrial Complex Areas: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Chemosphere 2021, 268, 128819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128819.
- Liang, Y.; Yi, L.; Deng, P.; Wang, L.; Yue, Y.; Wang, H.; Tian, L.; Xie, J.; Chen, M.; Luo, Y.; et al. Rapamycin Antagonizes Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through Directly Modulating ACSS2. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2021, 224, 112626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112626.
- Lener, M. R.; Reszka, E.; Marciniak, W.; Lesicka, M.; Baszuk, P.; Jabłońska, E.; Białkowska, K.; Muszyńska, M.; Pietrzak, S.; Derkacz, R.; et al. Blood Cadmium Levels as a Marker for Early Lung Cancer Detection. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2021, 64, 126682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126682.
- Ekhator, O. C.; Udowelle, N. A.; Igbiri, S.; Asomugha, R. N.; Igweze, Z. N.; Orisakwe, O. E. Safety Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Exposure from Street Foods Consumed in Mid-West Nigeria. J. Environ. Public Health. 2017, 2017, 8458057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8458057.
- Mao, C.; Song, Y.; Chen, L.; Ji, J.; Li, J.; Yuan, X.; Yang, Z.; Ayoko, G. A.; Frost, R. L.; Theiss, F. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Paddy Rice Based on Transfer Characteristics of Heavy Metals from Soil to Rice. Catena 2019, 175, 339–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.12.029.
- Mitra, S.; Brukh, R. Sample Preparation: An Analytical Perspective; Wiley Online Library, 2003.
- Román-Ochoa, Y.; Choque Delgado, G. T.; Tejada, T. R.; Yucra, H. R.; Durand, A. E.; Hamaker, B. R. Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment in Grains and Grain-Based Processed Food in Arequipa Region of Peru. Chemosphere 2021, 274, 129792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129792.
- Hellmuth, K. H.; Fischer, E.; Rapp, A. Uber Das Verhalten Von Spurenelementen Und Radionukliden in Traubenmost Bei Der Garung Und Beim Weinausbau. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 1985.
- Wei, R.; Wang, X.; Tang, W.; Yang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Zhong, H.; Yang, L. Bioaccumulations and Potential Human Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ppk-Expressing Transgenic Rice. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 710, 136496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136496.
- Farfán, R. R. L. Comportamiento Agronómico y Calidad Comercial de Tres Cultivares de Trigo Harinero (Triticum Aestivum l.), Bajo Las Condiciones de Valle Costero., Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 2014.
- INEI. consumo percapita de trigo en Perú https://www.google.com/search?q=consumo+percapita+de+trigo+en+peru+inei&rlz=1C1CHBD_esPE944PE944&biw=1280&bih=587&sxsrf=ALeKk00 uALmYDT8zMMYaQF0GnTY2mmaD4A%3A1616267076715&ei=REdWYPCgK4ev5OUP88u3YA&oq=consumo+percapita+de+ trigo+en+peru+inei&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mt. (accessed Mar 20, 2021).
- MINAG-OGPA/OEP. Arroz. https://www.midagri.gob.pe/portal/26-sector-agrario/arroz. (accessed Apr 3, 2021).
- La República. En tan solo cuatro meses, Perú importó 188 millones de dólares en trigo https://larepublica.pe/economia/2021/05/21/en-tan-solo-cuatro-meses-peru-importo-188-millones-de-dolares-en-trigo/.
- Andina. Expertos Del Minagri Realizarán Segundo Censo Nacional de Arroz.
- Bassols, A.; Torres, F.; Delgadillo, J. El Factor Espacial En La Configuración Del Sistema de Abasto Alimentario Nacional. El Abasto Alimentario en México. México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas 1992, 1992, 163–186.
- Elevators, G. Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 9.9. 1 Grain Elevators and Grain Processing Plants Final Report. https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch09/final/c9s0909-1.pdf.
- Valentín Chancavilca, R. J. Evaluación de La Presencia Del Plomo (Pb) En Los Alimentos Expandidos Elaborados Con Expansores Tipo Batch Utilizando Dos Tipos de Sellos, 2013.
- Al-Hossainy, A. F.; Mohamed, A. E.; Hassan, F. S. M.; Abd Allah, M. M. Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Perch Fish Samples by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry and Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Arabian J. Chem. 2017, 10, S347–S354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.09.005.
- Ramírez Revilla, S.; Medina Pérez, J.; Villanueva Salas, J. Evaluación de la capacidad acumuladora de Cd(II), Pb(II) y Cr(VI) por colonias de Nostoc commune Murmunta. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?pid=S1810-634X2018000200008&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt. (accessed Aug 29, 2021).
- Pandey, S. K.; Sachan, S.; Singh, S. K. Ultra-Trace Sensing of Cadmium and Lead by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2019, 2, 667–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.09.004.
- US-EPA. IRIS Assessments. https://iris.epa.gov/AtoZ/?list_type=alpha. (accessed Apr 3, 2021).
- US-EPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) - User’s Guide. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-users-guide#toxicity. (accessed Apr 3, 2021).
- Means, B. Risk-Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Volume 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual. Part A. Interim Report (Final); Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste …, 1989.
- WHO/FAO. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (amended 2019) https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/list-standards/es/. (accessed Apr 4, 2021).
- IRIS/ATSDR. Tin and Tin Compounds. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/%0A2020).,tp55-c8.pdf. (accessed Oct 15, 2021).
- US-EPA. Toxicological Profiles. Tetraethyl Lead; CASRN 78-00-2. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0109_summary.pdf. (accessed Mar 3, 2021).
- US-EPA. Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-11/documents/guidance-assess-chemicalcontaminant-vol1-third-edition.pdf.%0A. (accessed Mar 3, 2021).
- US-EPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) - User’s Guide. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-users-guide#toxicity. (accessed Mar 3, 2021).
- OEHHA. Toxicity Criteria Database Data Dictionary. https://data.ca.gov/%0ADataset/toxicity-criteria-database/resource/1d05aa04-f2e5-4a60-bc6920940a677a56.%0A2020. (accessed Oct 15, 2021).
- OEHHA. Appendix A: hot spots unit risk and cancer potency values. Tech. https://oehha.ca.gov/air/crnr/technicalsupport-document-cancer-potency-factors-2009.SupportDoc.Cancerpotencyfactors.%0A, 2020.
- USEPA. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume III Part A, Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment; US Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2001.
- Bargagli, R.; Ancora, S.; Bianchi, N.; Rota, E. Deposition, Abatement and Environmental Fate of Pollutants in Urban Green Ecosystems: Suggestions from Long-Term Studies in Siena (Central Italy). Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 2019, 46, 126483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126483.
- González, N.; Marquès, M.; Nadal, M.; Domingo, J. L. Occurrence of Environmental Pollutants in Foodstuffs: A Review of Organic vs. Conventional Food. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2019, 125, 370–375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.021.
- Liu, J.; Wang, D.; Song, B.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, X.; Tang, Y. Source Apportionment of Pb in a Rice-Soil System Using Field Monitoring and Isotope Composition Analysis. J. Geochem. Explor. 2019, 204, 83–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.05.009.
- Mu, T.; Wu, T.; Zhou, T.; Li, Z.; Ouyang, Y.; Jiang, J.; Zhu, D.; Hou, J.; Wang, Z.; Luo, Y.; et al. Geographical Variation in Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead of Soils and Rice in the Major Rice Producing Regions of China. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 677, 373–381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.337.
- Xie, L. H.; Tang, S. Q.; Wei, X. J.; Shao, G. N.; Jiao, G. A.; Sheng, Z. H.; Luo, J.; Hu, P. S. The Cadmium and Lead Content of the Grain Produced by Leading Chinese Rice Cultivars. Food Chem. 2017, 217, 217–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.099.
- Ashraf, U.; Mahmood, M. H.; Ur, R.; Hussain, S.; Abbas, F.; Anjum, S. A.; Tang, X. Lead (Pb) Distribution and Accumulation in Different Plant Parts and Its Associations with Grain Pb Contents in Fragrant Rice. Chemosphere 2020, 248, 126003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126003.
- Mayta, J.; Palao, A.; Bravo, R. Estudio y Evaluación Del Contenido de Plomo Total En Alimentos Procesados En Expansores Tipo Batch Tradicionales y Prototipo Rediseñado. Journal de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria 2010, 2, 181–187.
- Standard, C. Norma General para los Contaminantes y las Toxinas presentes en los Alimentos y piensos. http://www.codexalimentarius.org/input/download/standards/17/CXS_193s.pdf. (accessed Apr 4, 2021).
- Ochoa, M.; Tierra, W.; Tupuna-Yerovi, D. S.; Guanoluisa, D.; Otero, X. L.; Ruales, J. Assessment of Cadmium and Lead Contamination in Rice Farming Soils and Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) from Guayas Province in Ecuador. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 260, 114050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114050.
- Salvo, A.; La Torre, G. L.; Mangano, V.; Casale, K. E.; Bartolomeo, G.; Santini, A.; Granata, T.; Dugo, G. Toxic Inorganic Pollutants in Foods from Agricultural Producing Areas of Southern Italy: Level and Risk Assessment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018, 148, 114–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.015.
- Al-Saleh, I.; Abduljabbar, M. Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, Methylmercury, Arsenic) in Commonly Imported Rice Grains (Oryza Sativa) Sold in Saudi Arabia and Their Potential Health Risk. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2017, 220, 1168–1178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.007.
- Ke, S.; Cheng, X. Y.; Zhang, N.; Hu, H. G.; Yan, Q.; Hou, L. L.; Sun, X.; Chen, Z. N. Cadmium Contamination of Rice from Various Polluted Areas of China and Its Potential Risks to Human Health. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2015, 187, 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4638-8.
- Sharafi, K.; Nodehi, R. N.; Yunesian, M.; Hossein Mahvi, A.; Pirsaheb, M.; Nazmara, S. Human Health Risk Assessment for Some Toxic Metals in Widely Consumed Rice Brands (Domestic and Imported) in Tehran, Iran: Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis. Food Chem. 2019, 277, 145–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.090.
- Pirsaheb, M.; Hadei, M.; Sharafi, K. Human Health Risk Assessment by Monte Carlo Simulation Method for Heavy Metals of Commonly Consumed Cereals in Iran-Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2021, 96, 103697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103697.
- Nuapia, Y.; Chimuka, L.; Cukrowska, E. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Raw Food Samples from Open Markets in Two African Cities. Chemosphere 2018, 196, 339–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.134.