Influence of the urease inhibitor suspension (Atmowell^®) on the fluorescent dye pyranine and its spray and drift behavior in wind tunnel measurements

References

• Bundesamt, U. Ammoniak-Emissionen. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/luft/luftschadstoff-emissionen-in-deutschland/ammoniak-emissionen (accessed July 28, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Haenel, H.-D.; Rösemann, C.; Dämmgen, U.; Döring, U.; Wulf, S.; Eurich-Menden, B.; Freibauer, A.; Döhler, H.; Schreiner, C.; Osterburg, B.; et al. Calculations of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from German Agriculture 1990–2018: Report on Methods and Data (RMD) Submission 2020. Thünen Rep. 2020, 77, 1–414. DOI: 10.3220/REP1584363708000.
   Google Scholar
• Behera, S. N.; Sharma, M.; Aneja, V. P.; Balasubramanian, R. Ammonia in the Atmosphere: A Review on Emission Sources, Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition on Terrestrial Bodies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2013, 20, 8092–8131. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2051-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draaijers, G.; Ivens, W.; Bos, M. M.; Bleuten, W. The Contribution of Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture to the Deposition of Acidifying and Eutrophying Compounds onto Forests. Environ. Pollut. 1989, 60, 55–66. DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(89)90220-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung, J.; Phillips, V. R. Control of Gaseous Emissions from Livestock Buildings and Manure Stores. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 1994, 57, 173–189. DOI: 10.1006/jaer.1994.1017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EC. Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the Reduction of National Emissions of Certain Atmospheric Pollutants, Amending Directive 2003/35/EC and Repealing Directive 2001/81/EC, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Varel, V. H. Use of Urease Inhibitors to Control Nitrogen Loss from Livestock Waste. Bioresour. Technol. 1997, 62, 11–17. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00130-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty, G. W.; Bremner, J. M.; Lee, J. S. Inhibition of Plant and Microbial Ureases by Phosphoroamides. Plant Soil 1990, 127, 269–283. DOI: 10.1007/BF00014435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, X.; Karring, H. A Determination and Comparison of Urease Activity in Feces and Fresh Manure from Pig and Cattle in Relation to Ammonia Production and pH Changes. PLOS One 2014, 9, e110402. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenkel, M. E. Slow- and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency in Agriculture, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Sigurdarson, J. J.; Svane, S.; Karring, H. The Molecular Processes of Urea Hydrolysis in Relation to Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2018, 17, 241–258. DOI: 10.1007/s11157-018-9466-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagenkamp-Korth, F.; Hartung, E.; Häussermann, A. Effect of Urease Inhibitor on Urease Activity to Reduce Ammonia Emissions in Dairy Farming. Bau, Technik Und Umwelt in Der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung: Stuttgart-Hohenheim, 2017; pp 376–381.
   Google Scholar
• Bobrowski, A. B.; Willink, D.; Janke, D.; Amon, T.; Hagenkamp-Korth, F.; Hasler, M.; Hartung, E. Reduction of Ammonia Emissions by Applying a Urease Inhibitor in Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barns. Biosyst. Eng. 2021, 204, 104–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.01.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst, A.; Wygoda, H.-J. Pyranin–Ein Fluoreszierender Farbstoff Für Applikationstechnische Versuche. Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd 2006, 58, 233–238.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, P. C. H.; Hewitt, A. J.; Bagley, W. E. Adjuvants Effects on Spray Characteristics and Drift Potential. In Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems; American Society for Testing and Materials, 2001; pp 175–184.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C.; Zeng, A.; He, X.; Song, J.; Herbst, A.; Gao, W. Spray Drift Characteristics Test of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Spray Unit under Wind Tunnel Conditions. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 2020, 13, 13–21. DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201303.5716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A. G. F.; Miller, P. C. H.; Tuck, C. R. The Development of Wind Tunnel Protocols for Spray Drift Risk Assesment. In Aspects of Applied Biology, International Advances in Pesticide Application; Wellesbourne, 2006; pp 289–294.
   Google Scholar
• Helck, C.; Herbst, A. Drift-Potential-Index – A New Paramater for the Evaluation of Agricultural Nozzles concerning Their Drift Potential. Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutztd 1998, 50, 225–232.
   Google Scholar
• Herbst, A. A. Method to Determine Spray Drift Potential from Nozzles and Its Link to Buffer Zone Restrictions. In The Society for Engineering in Agricultural, Food, and Biological Systems; ASAE: Sacramento, California, USA, 2001; pp 1–9. DOI: 10.13031/2013.7333.
   Google Scholar
• ISO 22856 Drift measurements Wind Tunnels, 2008 (22856:2008(E)).
   Google Scholar
• Butler Ellis, M. C.; Teck, C. R., Eds. Predicting Spray Droplet Size from Three Nozzle Design Using Physical Properties of Spray Liquids Containing Adjuvants, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Butler Ellis, M. C.; Tuck, C. R., Eds. The Variation in Characteristics of Air-Included Sprays with Adjuvants, In Aspects of Applied Biology; 2000; pp. 155-162.
   Google Scholar
• Spanoghe, P.; van Meeren, P.; Steurbaut, W.; Baok, A.; Eds. The Influence of Dynamic Surface Tension on Atomisation and Retention of Agrochemical Active Ingredients. In Proceeding 5th World Surfactants Congress, Cesio, Comittee European Des Agents De Surface Et Leurs Intermediaires, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Ehmke, A.; Melfsen, A.; Wegener, J. K.; Hartung, E. Dataset: Investigation of the Interactions between PPDA and Pyranine – On Its Fluorescence and Storage Stability under the Influence of Ultraviolet Light and Drift Behavior in Wind Tunnel Measurements. https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00081125 (accessed July 27, 2022).
   Google Scholar