References
- Adams, K. B., Sanders, S., & Auth, E. A. (2004). Loneliness and depression in independent living retirement communities: Risk and resilience factors. Aging & Mental Health, 8(6), 475–485. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860410001725054
- Auerbach, S., Hofmann, J., Platt, T., & Ruch, W. (2014). An investigation of the emotions elicited by hospital clowns in comparison to circus clowns and nursing staff. The European Journal of Humour Research, 1(3), 26–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR2013.1.3.auerbach
- Ayalon, L., & Tesch-Römer, C. (Eds.). (2018). Contemporary perspectives on ageism. Springer International Publishing.
- Bennett, M. P., Zeller, J. M., Rosenberg, J. M., & McCann, J. (2003). The effect of mirthful laughter on stress and natural killer cell activity. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 38–45. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/nurs_fac_pub/9
- Berk, L. S., Felten, D. L., Tan, S. A., Bittman, B. B., & Westengard, J. (2001). Modulation of immune parameters during the eustress of humor associated mirthful laughter. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 62–67. http://www.alternative-therapies.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/archives.main
- Blain, S., Kingsnorth, S., Stephens, L., & McKeever, P. (2012). Determining the effects of therapeutic clowning on nurses in a children’s rehabilitation hospital. Arts & Health, 4(1), 26–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2011.561359
- Bodner, E., & Assa Polansky, E. (2016). The attitudes of music therapy students and professionals regarding the emotional valence of improvisations in music therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 25(3), 273–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2015.1067248
- Chen, Y. R. R., & Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1), e18: 11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4596
- Citron, A. (2011). Medical clowning and performance theory. In J. Harding & C. Rosenthal (Eds.), The rise of performance studies: Rethinking Richard Schechner’s broad spectrum (pp. 248–263). Palgrave Macmillan Publishers.
- Cohn Jones, R. (2000). Clowning as a therapeutic intervention in hospital and nursing home settings: A proposed caring clown training program [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Hartford.
- Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: A scoping review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 799–812. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12311
- Crawford, S. A., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2011). Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 237–252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.577087
- DeKeyser Ganz, F., & Jacobs, J. M. (2014). The effect of humor on elder mental and physical health. Geriatric Nursing, 35(3), 205–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2014.01.005
- Dionigi, A., Sangiorgi, D., & Flangini, R. (2014). Clown intervention to reduce preoperative anxiety in children and parents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 369–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312471567
- Du Pré, A. (1998). Humor and the healing arts: A multimethod analysis of humor use in health care. Erlbaum.
- Dunn, J., Balfour, M., & Moyle, W. (2019). Quality of life or ‘quality moments of life’: Considering the impact of relational clowning for people living with dementia. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 24(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13569783.2018.1544889
- El Haj, M., Postal, V., & Allain, P. (2012). Music enhances autobiographical memory in mild Alzheimer’s disease. Educational Gerontology, 38(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.515897
- Finlay, F., Baverstock, A., & Lenton, S. (2014). Therapeutic clowning in paediatric practice. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19(4), 596–605. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104513492746
- Goldberg, A., Stauber, T., Peleg, O., Hanuka, P., Eshayek, L., & Confino‐Cohen, R. (2014). Medical clowns ease anxiety and pain perceived by children undergoing allergy prick skin tests. Allergy, 69(10), 1372–1379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12463
- Gruber, A., Levin, R., & Lichtenberg, P. (2015). Medical clowning and psychosis: A case report and theoretical review. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 52(3), 20. https://cdn.doctorsonly.co.il/2016/03/05_Medical-Clowning-and-Psychosis.pdf
- Henderson, S. W., & Rosario, K. (2008). But seriously: Clowning in children’s mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(9), 983–986. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817f1273.
- Hendriks, R. (2012). Tackling indifference - Clowning, dementia, and the articulation of a sensitive body. Medical Anthropology, 31(6), 459–476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2012.674991
- Im, M. L., & Lee, J. I. (2014). Effects of art and music therapy on depression and cognitive function of the elderly. Technology & Health Care, 22(3), 453–458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-140803
- Joung, H. J., & Lee, Y. (2019). Effect of creative dance on fitness, functional balance, and mobility control in the elderly. Gerontology, 65(5), 537–546. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000499402
- Kabus, N. (2015). Summarizing the experience of students future social pedagogues volunteering in the context of sustainable development and health preservation of personality. American Journal of Nursing, 3(1), 8–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.12691/ajnr-3-1-3.
- Koller, D., & Gryski, C. (2008). The life threatened child and the life enhancing clown: Towards a model of therapeutic clowning. Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 5(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem033
- Kontos, P., Miller, K. L., & Kontos, A. P. (2017). Relational citizenship: Supporting embodied selfhood and relationality in dementia care. Sociology of Health & Illness, 39(2), 182–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12453
- Krishnamurthy, M. N., & Telles, S. (2007). Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and Ayurveda on older adults in a residential home. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(2), 17–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20070201-05
- Linge, L. (2013). Joyful and serious intentions in the work of hospital clowns: A meta-analysis based on a 7-year research project conducted in three parts. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 8(1), 18907. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v8i0.18907
- Mann, F., Bone, J. K., Lloyd-Evans, B., Frerichs, J., Pinfold, V., Ma, R., Wang, J., & Johnson, S. (2017). A life less lonely: The state of the art in interventions to reduce loneliness in people with mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(6), 627–638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1392-y
- Martín‐María, N., Caballero, F. F., Lara, E., Domènech‐Abella, J., Haro, J. M., Olaya, B., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., & Miret, M. (2021). Effects of transient and chronic loneliness on major depression in older adults: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 36(1), 76–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5397
- Mikesell, L. (2021). Mental health interventions for the elderly. In J. N. Lester & M. O’Reilly (Eds.), Older age psychiatry - The Palgrave encyclopedia of critical perspectives on mental health. Rutgers University. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7282/00000003
- Monahan, K. (2015). The use of humor, jesting, and playfulness with traumatized elderly. Social Work in Mental Health, 13(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2014.899943
- Mortamet, G., Merckx, A., Roumeliotis, N., Simonds, C., Renolleau, S., & Hubert, P. (2017). Parental perceptions of clown care in paediatric intensive care units. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53(5), 485–487. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13448
- Nuttman-Shwartz, O., Scheyer, R., & Tzioni, H. (2010). Medical clowning: Even adults deserve a dream. Social Work in Health Care, 49(6), 581–598. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00981380903520475
- Ofir, S., Tener, D., Lev-Wiesel, R., On, A., & Lang-Franco, N. (2016). The therapy beneath the fun: Medical clowning during invasive examinations on children. Clinical Pediatrics, 55(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922815598143
- Penson, R. T., Partridge, R. A., Rudd, P., Seiden, M. V., Nelson, J. E., Chabner, B. A., & Lynch, T. J., Jr. (2005). Laughter: The best medicine? The Oncologist, 10(8), 651–660. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.10-8-651
- Pruckner, N., & Holthoff-Detto, V. (2017). Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in old-age depression — A review and clinical approach. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 73(6), 661–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-017-2219-1
- Pu, L., Moyle, W., Jones, C., & Todorovic, M. (2019). The effectiveness of social robots for older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny046
- Raviv, A. (2014). Humor in the ‘twilight zone’: My work as a medical clown with patients with dementia. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 32(3), 226–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010113513511
- Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
- Shiovitz-Ezra, S., Shemesh, J., & McDonnell, M. (2018). Pathways from ageism to loneliness. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on Ageism (pp. 131–147). Springer International Publishing.
- Shuval, J. T., & Averbuch, E. (2012). Alternative and bio-medicine in Israel: Boundaries and bridges. Academic Studies Press.
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques. Sage publications.
- Vagnoli, L., Caprilli, S., Robiglio, A., & Messeri, A. (2005). Clown doctors as a treatment for preoperative anxiety in children: A randomized, prospective study. Pediatrics, 116(4), 563–567. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0466
- Van der Wal, C. N., & Kok, R. N. (2019). Laughter-inducing therapies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 232, 473–488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.018
- Warren, B., & Spitzer, P. (2011). Laughing to longevity — The work of elder clowns. The Lancet, 378(9791), 562–563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61280-4