REFERENCES
- Bu H. Z., Kang P., Deese A. J., Zhao P., Pool W. F. Human in vitro glutathionyl and protein adducts of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, a stable and pharmacologically active metabolite of carbamazepine. Drug Metab. Dispos 2005; 33: 1920–1924, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Evans D. C., Watt A. P., Nicoll-Griffith D. A., Baillie T. A. Drug-protein adducts: An industry perspective on minimizing the potential for drug bioactivation in drug discovery and development. Chem. Res. Toxicol 2004; 17: 3–16, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Gaedigk A., Spielberg S. P., Grant D. M. Characterization of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene in patients with anticonvulsant adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 142–153, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Green V. J., Pirmohamed M., Kitteringham N. R., Gaedigk A., Grant D. M., Boxer M., Burchell B., Park B. K. Genetic analysis of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity. Biochem. Pharmacol 1995; 50: 1353–1359, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Koenigs L. L., Peter R. M., Hunter A. P., Haining R. L., Rettie A. E., Friedberg T., Pritchard M.P., Shou M., Rushmore T. H., Trager W. F. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of intact cytochrome p450: Identification of tienilic acid adducts to p450 2c9. Biochemistry 1999; 38: 2312–2319, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Kola I., Landis J. Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates?. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov 2004; 3: 11–715, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Landsteiner K., Jacobs J. Studies on the sensitization of animals with simple chemical compounds. J. Exp. Med 1935; 61: 643–656, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Lecoeur S., Andre C., Beaune P. H. Tienilic acid-induced autoimmune hepatitis: Anti-liver and-kidney microsomal type 2 autoantibodies recognize a three-site conformational epitope on cytochrome p4502c9. Mol. Pharmacol 1996; 50: 326–333, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lecoeur S., Bonierbale E., Challine D., Gautier J., Valadon P., Dansette P., Catinot R., Ballet F., Mansuy D., Beaune P. Specificity of in vitro covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to human liver microsomes in relationship to the type of hepatotoxicity: Comparison with two directly hepatotoxic drugs. Chem. Res. Toxicol 1994; 7: 434–442, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Leeder J. S. Mechanisms of idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 1998; 39: S8–16, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Lopez-Garcia M. P., Dansette P. M., Coloma J. Kinetics of tienilic acid bioactivation and functional generation of drug-protein adducts in intact rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol 2005; 70: 1870–1882, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Martin J. L., Kenna J. G., Martin B. M., Thomassen D., Reed G. F., Pohl L. R. Halothane hepatitis patients have serum antibodies that react with protein disulfide isomerase. Hepatology 1993; 18: 858–863, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol 1994; 12: 991–1045, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Neuberger J., Williams R. Halothane anaesthesia and liver damage. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 1984; 289: 1136–1139, [CSA]
- Njoku D., Laster M. J., Gong D. H., Eger E. I., II, Reed G. F., Martin J. L. Biotransformation of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane to trifluoroacetylated liver proteins: Association between protein acylation and hepatic injury. Anesth. Analg 1997; 84: 173–178, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Ostapowicz G., Fontana R. J., Schiodt F. V., Larson A., Davern T. J., Han S. H., Mccashland T. M., Shakil A. O., Hay J. E., Hynan L., Crippin J. S., Blei A. T., Samuel G., Reisch J., Lee W. M. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med 2002; 137: 947–954, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Parker C. W. Allergic reactions in man. Pharmacol. Rev 1982; 34: 85–104, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pearce R. E., Uetrecht J. P., Leeder J. S. Pathways of carbamazepine bioactivation in vitro ii. The role of human cytochrome p450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxyiminostilbene. Drug Metab. Dispos 2005; 33: 1819–1826, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pichler W. J. Pharmacological interaction of drugs with antigen-specific immune receptors: The p-i concept. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol 2002; 2: 301–305, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Pirmohamed M., Madden S., Park B. K. Idiosyncratic drug reactions. Metabolic bioactivation as a pathogenic mechanism. Clin. Pharmacokinet 1996; 31: 215–230, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rashed M. S., Myers T. G., Nelson S. D. Hepatic protein arylation, glutathione depletion, and metabolite profiles of acetaminophen and a non-hepatotoxic regioisomer, 3′-hydroxyacetanilide, in the mouse. Drug Metab. Dispos 1990; 18: 765–770, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Seguin B., Uetrecht J. The danger hypothesis applied to idiosyncratic drug reactions. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol 2003; 3: 235–242, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Shenton J. M., Popovic M., Chen J., Masson M. J., Uetrecht J. P. Evidence of an immune-mediated mechanism for an idiosyncratic nevirapine-induced reaction in the female brown Norway rat. Chem. Res. Toxicol 2005; 18: 1799–1813, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Shenton J. M., Teranishi M., Abu-Asab M. S., Yager J. A., Uetrecht J. P. Characterization of a potential animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction: Nevirapine-induced skin rash in the rat. Chem. Res. Toxicol 2003; 16: 1078–1089, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Spielberg S. P., Gordon G. B., Blake D. A., Mellits E. D., Bross D. S. Anticonvulsant toxicity in vitro: Possible role of arene oxides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 1981; 217: 386–389, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Timbrell J. A., Mitchell J. R., Snodgrass W. R., Nelson S. D. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity: The relationship between covalent binding and metabolism in vivo. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 1980; 213: 364–369, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Uetrecht J. N-oxidation of drugs associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions. Drug Metab. Rev 2002; 34: 651–665, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Walton B., Simpson B. R., Strunin L., Doniach D., Perrin J., Appleyard A. J. Unexplained hepatitis following halothane. Br. Med. J 1976; 1: 1171–1176, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Watkins P. B. Idiosyncratic liver injury: Challenges and approaches. Toxicol. Pathol 2005; 33: 1–5, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Watkins P. B., Zimmerman H. J., Knapp M. J., Gracon S. I., Lewis K. W. Hepatotoxic effects of tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1994; 271: 992–998, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Zanni M. P., Von Greyerz S., Schnyder B., Brander K. A., Frutig K., Hari Y., Valitutti S., Pichler W. J. Hla-restricted, processing- and metabolism-independent pathway of drug recognition by human alphabeta t lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest 1998; 102: 1591–1598, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Zimmerman H. Hepatotoxicity: The Adverse Effects of Drugs and Other Chemicals on the Liver. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 1999