Physiological and pathophysiological roles of hepoxilins and their analogs

References

• Adams W, Bhowmick R, Ghanem ENB, Wade K, Shchepetov M, Weiser JN, McCormick BA, Tweten RK, Leong JM. 2020. Pneumolysin induces 12-lipoxygenase–dependent neutrophil migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. J Immunol. 204(1):101–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amer RK, Pace-Asciak CR, Mills LR. 2003. A lipoxygenase product, hepoxilin A3, enhances nerve growth factor-dependent neurite regeneration post-axotomy in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons in vitro. Neuroscience. 116(4):935–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An J-U, Song Y-S, Kim K-R, Ko Y-J, Yoon D-Y, Oh D-K. 2018. Biotransformation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to bioactive hepoxilins and trioxilins by microbial enzymes. Nat Commun. 9(1):128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antón R, Puig L, Esgleyes T, de Moragas JM, Vila L. 1998. Occurrence of hepoxilins and trioxilins in psoriatic lesions. J Invest Dermatol. 110(4):303–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick R, Gronert K, McCormick B, Leong J. 2011. The eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 plays critical role in transmigration of PMNs and concomitant invasion of bacteria in Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection (56.11). J Immunol. 186(1_Supplement):56.11–56.11.
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmick R, Maung NHT, Hurley BP, Ghanem EB, Gronert K, McCormick BA, Leong JM. 2013. Systemic disease during Streptococcus pneumoniae acute lung infection requires 12-lipoxygenase–dependent inflammation. J Immunol. 191(10):5115–5123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biringer RG. 2020. The enzymology of human eicosanoid pathways: the lipoxygenase branches. Mol Biol Rep. 47(9):7189–7207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biringer RG. 2021. A review of prostanoid receptors: expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action. J Cell Commun Signal. 15(2):155–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeglin WE, Kim RB, Brash AR. 1998. A 12R-lipoxygenase in human skin: mechanistic evidence, molecular cloning, and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95(12):6744–6749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Ghanem EN, Clark S, Du X, Wu D, Camilli A, Leong JM, Meydani SN. 2015. The α-tocopherol form of vitamin E reverses age-associated susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection by modulating pulmonary neutrophil recruitment. J Immunol. 194(3):1090–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Ghanem EN, Wu D, Camilli A, Leong J, Meydani S. 2014. Vitamin E boosts resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in aged mice by inhibiting hepoxilin A3-mediated neutrophil recruitment across the lung epithelium (392.4). FASEB j. 28(S1):392.4.
   Google Scholar
• Brash AR, Yu Z, Boeglin WE, Schneider C. 2007. The hepoxilin connection in the epidermis. FEBS J. 274(14):3494–3502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink C. 2007. Structural manipulation of eicosanoid receptors and cellular signaling. Sci World J. 7:1285–1306.
   Google Scholar
• Cabral M, Martín-Venegas R, Moreno JJ. 2013. Role of arachidonic acid metabolites on the control of non-differentiated intestinal epithelial cell growth. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 45(8):1620–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabral M, Martín-Venegas R, Moreno JJ. 2014. Differential cell growth/apoptosis behavior of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid enantiomers in a colorectal cancer cell line. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 307(6):G664–G671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlen PL, Gurevich N, Zhang L, Wu PH, Reynaud D, Pace-Asciak CR. 1994. Formation and electrophysiological actions of the arachidonic acid metabolites, hepoxilins, at nanomolar concentrations in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 58(3):493–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro A. 2009. TP receptor antagonism: a new concept in atherothrombosis and stroke prevention. Cerebrovasc Dis. 27 Suppl 3:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawengsub Y, Gauthier KM, Nithipatikom K, Hammock BD, Falck JR, Narsimhaswamy D, Campbell WB. 2009. Identification of 13-Hydroxy-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid as an acid-stable endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in rabbit arteries*. J Biol Chem. 284(45):31280–31290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demin PM, Pace-Asciak CR. 1993. Synthesis of racemic 11,12-cyclopropyl analogs of hepoxilins A3 and B3. Tetrahedron Lett. 34(27):4305–4308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dho S, Grinstein S, Corey EJ, Su WG, Pace-Asciak CR. 1990. Hepoxilin A3 induces changes in cytosolic calcium, intracellular pH and membrane potential in human neutrophils. Biochem J. 266(1):63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douda DN, Grasemann H, Pace-Asciak C, Palaniyar N. 2015. A lipid mediator hepoxilin A3 is a natural inducer of neutrophil extracellular traps in human neutrophils. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:520871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. 2014a. Alterations in cytochrome P450-derived arachidonic acid metabolism during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Pharmacol. 87(3):456–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. 2014b. The role of epoxide hydrolases in health and disease. Arch Toxicol. 88(11):2013–2032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epp N, Fürstenberger G, Müller K, de Juanes S, Leitges M, Hausser I, Thieme F, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Krieg P. 2007. 12R-lipoxygenase deficiency disrupts epidermal barrier function. J Cell Biol. 177(1):173–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer R, Moreno JJ. 2010. Role of eicosanoids on intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol. 80(4):431–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. 2015. Advances in our understanding of oxylipins derived from dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr. 6(5):513–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregus AM, Doolen S, Dumlao DS, Buczynski MW, Takasusuki T, Fitzsimmons BL, Hua X-Y, Taylor BK, Dennis EA, Yaksh TL. 2012. Spinal 12-lipoxygenase-derived hepoxilin A3 contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia via activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(17):6721–6726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregus AM, Dumlao DS, Wei SC, Norris PC, Catella LC, Meyerstein FG, Buczynski MW, Steinauer JJ, Fitzsimmons BL, Yaksh TL, et al. 2013. Systematic analysis of rat 12/15-lipoxygenase enzymes reveals critical role for spinal eLOX3 hepoxilin synthase activity in inflammatory hyperalgesia. FASEB J. 27(5):1939–1949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grommes J, Soehnlein O. 2011. Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury. Mol Med. 17(3-4):293–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grudzinska FS, Sapey E. 2018. Friend or foe? The dual role of neutrophils in lung injury and repair. Thorax. 73(4):305–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley K, Jiang Y, He SS, Friedman M, Elias PM, Bikle DD, Williams ML, Feingold KR. 1998. Keratinocyte differentiation is stimulated by activators of the nuclear hormone receptor PPARα. J Invest Dermatol. 110(4):368–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna VS, Hafez EAA. 2018. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: a review. J Adv Res. 11:23–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann EK, Lambert IH, Pedersen SF. 2009. Physiology of cell volume regulation in vertebrates. Physiol Rev. 89(1):193–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurley BP, Siccardi D, Mrsny RJ, McCormick BA. 2004. Polymorphonuclear cell transmigration induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3. J Immunol. 173(9):5712–5720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurley BP, Sin A, McCormick BA. 2008. Adhesion molecules involved in hepoxilin A3-mediated neutrophil transepithelial migration. Clin Exp Immunol. 151(2):297–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankov RP, Luo X, Demin P, Aslam R, Hannam V, Tanswell AK, Pace-Asciak CR. 2002. Hepoxilin analogs inhibit bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 301(2):435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobard F, Lefèvre C, Karaduman A, Blanchet-Bardon C, Emre S, Weissenbach J, Ozgüc M, Lathrop M, Prud’homme J-F, Fischer J. 2002. Lipoxygenase-3 (ALOXE3) and 12(R)-lipoxygenase (ALOX12B) are mutated in non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) linked to chromosome 17p13.1. Hum Mol Genet. 11(1):107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly EJ, Nakano M, Rohatgi P, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Rettie AE. 2011. Finding homes for orphan cytochrome P450s: CYP4V2 and CYP4F22 in disease states. Mol Interv. 11(2):124–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krieg P, Rosenberger S, de Juanes S, Latzko S, Hou J, Dick A, Kloz U, van der Hoeven F, Hausser I, Esposito I, et al. 2013. Aloxe3 knockout mice reveal a function of epidermal lipoxygenase-3 as hepoxilin synthase and its pivotal role in barrier formation. J Invest Dermatol. 133(1):172–180.,.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubala SA, Patil SU, Radano MC, Shreffler WG, Hurley BP. 2012. Failure of hepoxilin A-3 to chemoattract eosinophils in an in-vitro gradient barrier system. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 129(2):AB119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubala SA, Patil SU, Shreffler WG, Hurley BP. 2014. Pathogen induced chemo-attractant hepoxilin A3 drives neutrophils, but not eosinophils across epithelial barriers. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 108:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laneuville O, Corey EJ, Couture R, Pace-Asciak CR. 1991. Hepoxilin A3 (HxA3) is formed by the rat aorta and is metabolized into HxA3-C, a glutathione conjugate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1084(1):60–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laneuville O, Pace-Asciak CR. 1991. Hepoxilin A3 induces vascular permeability in the skin. In: Bailey JM, editor. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and PAF: mechanism of action, molecular biology, and clinical applications. Boston (MA): Springer US; p. 335–338.
   Google Scholar
• Lefèvre C, Bouadjar B, Karaduman A, Jobard F, Saker S, Ozguc M, Lathrop M, Prud’homme J-F, Fischer J. 2004. Mutations in ichthyin a new gene on chromosome 5q33 in a new form of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet. 13(20):2473–2482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Vahlquist A, Törmä H. 2013. Interactions between FATP4 and ichthyin in epidermal lipid processing may provide clues to the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. J Dermatol Sci. 69(3):195–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Qiao N, Reynaud D, Abdelhaleem M, Pace-Asciak CR. 2005. The hepoxilin analog, PBT-3, inhibits growth of K-562 CML solid tumours in vivo in nude mice. In Vivo. 19(1):185–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M-H, Lin A-H, Ko H-K, Perng D-W, Lee T-S, Kou YR. 2017. Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice by paeonol. Front Physiol. 8:193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lortz S, Tiedge M, Nachtwey T, Karlsen AE, Nerup J, Lenzen S. 2000. Protection of insulin-producing RINm5F cells against cytokine-mediated toxicity through overexpression of antioxidant enzymes. Diabetes. 49(7):1123–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalit A, Livne AA, Funder J, Granot Y. 1993a. Initiation of RVD response in human platelets: mechanical-biochemical transduction involves pertussis-toxin-sensitive G protein and phospholipase A2. J Membr Biol. 136(3):303–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margalit A, Sofer Y, Grossman S, Reynaud D, Pace-Asciak CR, Livne AA. 1993b. Hepoxilin A3 is the endogenous lipid mediator opposing hypotonic swelling of intact human platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90(7):2589–2592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín-Venegas R, Roig-Pérez S, Ferrer R, Moreno JJ. 2006. Arachidonic acid cascade and epithelial barrier function during Caco-2 cell differentiation. J Lipid Res. 47(7):1416–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashima R, Okuyama T. 2015. The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives. Redox Biol. 6:297–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick BA. 2007. Bacterial-induced hepoxilin A3 secretion as a pro-inflammatory mediator. FEBS J. 274(14):3513–3518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick BA, Parkos CA, Colgan SP, Carnes DK, Madara JL. 1998. Apical secretion of a pathogen-elicited epithelial chemoattractant activity in response to surface colonization of intestinal epithelia by Salmonella typhimurium 1. J Immunol. 160(1):455–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGovern VJ, Slavutin LJ. 1979. Pathology of salmonella colitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 3(6):483–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno JJ. 2009. New aspects of the role of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in cell growth and cancer development. Biochem Pharmacol. 77(1):1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno JJ. 2017. Eicosanoid receptors: targets for the treatment of disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol. 796:7–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrsny RJ, Gewirtz AT, Siccardi D, Savidge T, Hurley BP, Madara JL, McCormick BA. 2004. Identification of hepoxilin A3 in inflammatory events: a required role in neutrophil migration across intestinal epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101(19):7421–7426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Garcia A, Thomas CP, Keeney DS, Zheng Y, Brash AR. 2014. The importance of the lipoxygenase-hepoxilin pathway in the mammalian epidermal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1841(3):401–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman JW, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. 2005. Epoxide hydrolases: their roles and interactions with lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res. 44(1):1–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigam S, Müller S, Pace-Asciak CR. 1993. Hepoxilins activate phospholipase D in the human neutrophil BT - eicosanoids and other bioactive lipids in cancer, inflammation and radiation injury. In: Santosh N, Honn KV, Marnett LJ, Walden TL, editors. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference; Sept 17–21, 1991; Berlin. Boston (MA): Springer US; p. 249–252.
   Google Scholar
• Nigam S, Nodes S, Cichon G, Corey EJ, Pace-Asciak CR. 1990. Receptor-mediated action of hepoxilin A3 releases diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid from human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 171(3):944–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigam S, Zafiriou M-P. 2005. Hepoxilin A3 synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 338(1):161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigam S, Zafiriou M-P, Deva R, Ciccoli R, Roux-Van der Merwe R. 2007. Structure, biochemistry and biology of hepoxilins: an update. FEBS J. 274(14):3503–3512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigam S, Zafiriou M-P, Deva R, Kerstin N, Geilen C, Ciccoli R, Sczepanski M, Lohse M. 2008. Hepoxilin A3 (HXA3) synthase deficiency is causative of a novel ichthyosis form. FEBS Lett. 582(2):279–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR. 2005. Novel eicosanoid pathways: the discovery of prostacyclin/6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha and the hepoxilins. Mol Neurobiol. 32(1):19–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR. 2009. The hepoxilins and some analogues: a review of their biology. Br J Pharmacol. 158(4):972–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR, Laneuville O, Chang M, Reddy CC, Su W-G, Corey EJ. 1989. New products in the hepoxilin pathway: isolation of 11-glutathionyl hepoxilin A3 through reaction of hepoxilin A3 with glutathione S-transferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 163(3):1230–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR, Laneuville O, Su WG, Corey EJ, Gurevich N, Wu P, Carlen PL. 1990. A glutathione conjugate of hepoxilin A3: formation and action in the rat central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87(8):3037–3041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR, Mizuno K, Yamamoto S. 1983. Resolution of DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the enzymatic steps in the transformation of arachidonic acid into 8,11,12- and 10,11,12-trihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid by the rat lung. Prostaglandins. 25(1):79–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pace-Asciak CR, Reynaud D, Demin P. 1995. Hepoxilins: a review on their enzymatic formation, metabolism and chemical synthesis. Lipids. 30(2):107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel KK, Webley WC. 2018. Respiratory chlamydia infection induce release of hepoxilin A(3) and histamine production by airway neutrophils. Front Immunol. 9:2357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel S, McCormick BA. 2014. Mucosal inflammatory response to Salmonella typhimurium infection. Front Immunol. 5:311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattabhiraman S. 2003. Transcriptional regulation of 12/15-lipoxygenase expression and the implication of the enzyme in hepoxilin biosynthesis and apoptosis. [place unknown]: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité.
   Google Scholar
• Pazos M, Siccardi D, Mumy KL, Bien JD, Louie S, Shi HN, Gronert K, Mrsny RJ, McCormick BA. 2008. Multidrug resistance-associated transporter 2 regulates mucosal inflammation by facilitating the synthesis of hepoxilin A3. J Immunol. 181(11):8044–8052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister SL, Spitzbarth N, Nithipatikom K, Falck JR, Campbell WB. 2003. Metabolism of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to vasodilatory trioxilin C3 by rabbit aorta. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1622(1):6–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poppe C, Smart N, Khakhria R, Johnson W, Spika J, Prescott J. 1998. Salmonella typhimurium DT104: a virulent and drug-resistant pathogen. Can Vet J. 39(9):559–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao N, Lam J, Reynaud D, Abdelhaleem M, Pace-Asciak CR. 2003. The hepoxilin analog PBT-3 induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL-positive K562 leukemia cells. Anticancer Res. 23(5A):3617–3622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao N, Reynaud D, Abdelhaleem M, Pace-Asciak C. 2007. Hepoxilin analogs, PBT-3 and PBT-4, cause apoptosis of Gleevec-resistant K562 cells in vitro. In Vivo. 21:267–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao N, Reynaud D, Demin P, Halushka PV, Pace-Asciak CR. 2003. The thromboxane receptor antagonist PBT-3, a hepoxilin stable analog, selectively antagonizes the TPα isoform in transfected COS-7 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 307(3):1142–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray A, Kolls JK. 2017. Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma and association with disease severity. Trends Immunol. 38(12):942–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud D, Clark D, Qiao N, Rand ML, Pace-Asciak CR. 2003. The hepoxilin stable analogue, PBT-3, inhibits primary, platelet-related hemostasis in whole blood measured in vitro with the PFA-100. Thromb Res. 112(4):245–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud D, Delton I, Gharib A, Sarda N, Lagarde M, Pace-Asciak CR. 1994a. Formation, metabolism, and action of hepoxilin A3in the rat pineal gland. J Neurochem. 62(1):126–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud D, Demin P, Pace-Asciak CR. 1994b. Hepoxilin A3 formation in the rat pineal gland selectively utilizes (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), but not (12R)-HPETE. J Biol Chem. 269(39):23976–23980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud D, Demin PM, Pace-Asciak CR. 1995. Enzymatic formation of hepoxilin A3. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res. 23:183–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynaud D, Hinek A, Pace-Asciak CR. 2002. The hepoxilin analog PBT-3 inhibits heparin-activated platelet aggregation evoked by ADP. FEBS Lett. 515(1-3):58–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud D, Sun A, Demin P, Pace-Asciak CR. 2001. Novel platelet antiaggregating substances. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 284(3):580–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Storniolo CE, Ferrer R, Moreno JJ. 2013. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene D4 increase intestinal epithelial paracellular permeability. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 45(7):1318–1326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuelsson B. 1979. Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes: formation and biological roles. Harvey Lect. 75:1–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanchez T, Moreno JJ. 2002. Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 through arachidonic acid mobilization is involved in Caco-2 cell growth. J Cell Physiol. 193(3):293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siangjong L, Goldman DH, Kriska T, Gauthier KM, Smyth EM, Puli N, Kumar G, Falck JR, Campbell WB. 2017. Vascular hepoxilin and trioxilins mediate vasorelaxation through TP receptor inhibition in mouse arteries. Acta Physiol. 219(1):188–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland M, Schewe T, Nigam S. 2000. Biological actions of the free acid of hepoxilin A3 on human neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol. 59(4):435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeichi T, Kinoshita F, Tanaka H, Fujita S, Kobayashi Y, Nakatochi M, Sugiura K, Akiyama M. 2019. The lipoxygenase-hepoxilin pathway is activated in cutaneous plaque lesions of psoriasis. J Cutan Immunol Allergy. 2(1):15–24.
   Google Scholar
• Tamang DL, Pirzai W, Priebe GP, Traficante DC, Pier GB, Falck JR, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, McCormick BA, Gronert K, et al. 2012. Hepoxilin A3 facilitates neutrophilic breach of lipoxygenase-expressing airway epithelial barriers. J Immunol. 189(10):4960–4969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan R, Yan B, Wang C, Zhang L. 2022. The role of 12/15-lipoxygenase and its various metabolites generated from multiple polyunsaturated fatty acids as substrates in inflammatory responses. Biomed Res Int. 2022:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuji F, Aono H. 2012. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Pharmaceuticals. 5(8):837–852.
   Google Scholar
• Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. 2021. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Sig Transduct Target Ther. 6(1):94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang MM, Reynaud D, Pace-Asciak CR. 1999. In vivo stimulation of 12(S)-lipoxygenase in the rat skin by bradykinin and platelet activating factor: formation of 12(S)-HETE and hepoxilins, and actions on vascular permeability. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1436(3):354–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao CY, Hara A, Yuhki K, Fujino T, Ma H, Okada Y, Takahata O, Yamada T, Murata T, Narumiya S, et al. 2001. Roles of prostaglandin I(2) and thromboxane A(2) in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: a study using mice lacking their respective receptors. Circulation. 104(18):2210–2215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Z, Schneider C, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. 2007. Epidermal lipoxygenase products of the hepoxilin pathway selectively activate the nuclear receptor PPARα. Lipids. 42(6):491–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Z, Schneider C, Boeglin WE, Marnett LJ, Brash AR. 2003. The lipoxygenase gene ALOXE3 implicated in skin differentiation encodes a hydroperoxide isomerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100(16):9162–9167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafiriou M-P, Deva R, Ciccoli R, Siafaka-Kapadai A, Nigam S. 2007. Biological role of hepoxilins: upregulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase as a cellular response to oxidative stress? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 77(3-4):209–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafiriou M-P, Zelarayan LC, Noack C, Renger A, Nigam S, Siafaka-Kapadai A. 2011. Hepoxilin A3 protects β-cells from apoptosis in contrast to its precursor, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1811(6):361–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukauskas A, Mrsny RJ, Cortés Barrantes P, Turner JR, Leong JM, McCormick BA. 2018. Transporters MRP1 and MRP2 regulate opposing inflammatory signals to control transepithelial neutrophil migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. mSphere. 3(4):e00303–e00318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar