9,980
Views
463
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and Their Applications

&
Pages 319-331 | Published online: 14 Mar 2013

REFERENCES

  • Novoselov , K.S. , Geim , A.K. ; Morozov , S.V. ; Jiang , D. ; Zhang , Y. , Dubonos , S.V. ; Grigorieva , I.V. ; Firsov , A.A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films . Science 2004 , 306 , 666 – 669 .
  • Stoller , M.D. ; Park , S. ; Zhu , Y. ; An , J. ; Ruoff , R.S. Graphene-based ultracapacitors . Nano. Lett. 2008 , 8 , 3498 – 3502 .
  • Nair , R.R. ; Blake , P. ; Grigorenko , A.N. ; Novoselov , K.S. ; Booth , T.J. ; Stauber , T.I. ; Peres , N.M.R. ; Geim , A.K. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene . Science 2008 , 320 , 1308 – 1308 .
  • Lee , C. ; Wei , X.D. ; Kysar , J.W. ; Hone , J. Measurement of the elastic properties of intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 2008, 321, 385–388.
  • Balandin , A.A. ; Ghosh , S. ; Bao , W. ; Calizo , I. ; Teweldebrhan , D. ; Miao , F. ; Lau , C N. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene . Nano Lett. 2008 , 8 , 902 – 907 .
  • Stankovich , S. ; Dikin , D.A. ; Dommett , G.H.B. ; Kohlhaas , K.M. ; Zimney , E.J. ; et al. . Graphene-based composite materials . Nature 2006 , 442 , 282 – 286 .
  • Ramanathan , T. ; Abdala , A.A. ; Stankovich , S. ; Dikin , D.A. ; Alonso , M.H. ; et al. . Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites . Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008 , 3 , 327 – 331 .
  • Lee , Y.R. ; Raghu , A.V. ; Jeong , H.M. ; Kim , B.K. Properties of waterborne polyurethane/functionalized graphene sheet nanocomposites prepared by an in situ method . Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2009 , 210 , 1247 – 1254 .
  • Xu , Y. ; Wang , Y. ; Jiajie , L. ; Huang , Y. ; Ma , Y. ; et al. . A hybrid material of graphene and poly (3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) with high conductivity, flexibility, and transparency . Nano Res. 2009 , 2 , 343 – 348 .
  • Quan , H. ; Zhang , B. ; Zhao , Q. ; Yuen , R.K.K. ; Li , R.K.Y. Facile preparation and thermal degradation studies of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) filled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites . Compos. Pt. A 2009 , 40 , 1506 – 1513 .
  • Liang , J. ; Huang , Y. ; Zhang , L. ; Wang , Y. ; Ma , Y. ; et al. . Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly(vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites . Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009 , 19 , 2297 – 2302 .
  • Balog , R. ; Jørgensen , B. ; Nilsson , L. ; Andersen , M. ; Rienks , E. ; et al. . Bandgap opening in graphene induced by patterned hydrogen adsorption . Nat. Mater. 2010 , 9 , 315 – 319 .
  • Zhao , H. ; Min , K. ; Aluru , N.R. Size and chirality dependent elastic properties of graphene nanoribbons under uniaxial tension . Nano Lett. 2009 , 9 , 3012 – 3015 .
  • Scarpa , F. ; Adhikari , S. ; Phani , A.S. Effective elastic mechanical properties of single layer graphene sheets . Nanotechnology 2009 , 20 , 065709/1 – 11 .
  • Kudin , K.N. ; Scuseria , G.E. ; Yakobson , B.I. Oxygen-driven unzipping graphite materials . Phys. Rev. B 2001 , 64 , 235406/1 – 4 .
  • Lier , G.V. ; Alsenoy , C.V. ; Doren , V.V. ; Greelings , P. Ab initio study of the elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene . Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000 , 326 , 181 – 185 .
  • Robertson , D.H. ; Brenner , D.W. ; Mintmire , J.W. Energetics of nanoscale graphitic tubules . Phys. Rev. B 1992 , 45 , 12592 – 12595 .
  • Brenner , D.W. ; Shenderova , O.A. ; Harrison , J.A. ; Stuart , S.J. ; Ni , B. ; Sinnott , S.B. A second-generation reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential energy expression for hydrocarbons . J. Phys. Condens. Matt. 2002 , 14 , 783 – 802 .
  • Park , S. ; Rouff , S. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes . Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009 , 4 , 217 – 224 .
  • Li , D. ; Muller , M.B. ; Gilje , S. ; Kaner , R.B. ; Wallace , G.G. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets . Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007 , 3 , 101 – 105 .
  • Yu , M. ; Lourie , O. ; Dyer , M.J. ; Kelly , T.F. ; Ruoff , R.S. Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load . Science 2000 , 287 , 637 – 640 .
  • Li , Y. ; Wang , K. ; Wei , J. ; Gu , Z. ; Wang , Z. ; et al. . Tensile properties of long alligned double-walled carbon nanotube . Carbon 2005 , 43 , 31 – 35 .
  • Yuen , S.M. ; Ma , C.C.M. ; Chiang , C.L. ; Chang , J.A. ; Huang , S.W. ; et al. . Silane-modified MWCNT/PMMA composites-preparation, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and thermal stability . Compos. Pt. A 2007 , 38 , 2527 – 2535 .
  • Itkis , M.E. ; Borondics , F. ; Yu , A. ; Haddon , R.C. Thermal conductivity measurements of semitransparent single-walled carbon nanotube films by a bolometric technique . Nano Lett. 2007 , 7 , 900 – 904 .
  • Lewandowska , M. ; Krawczynıska , A.T. ; Kulczyk , M. ; Kurzydłowski , K.J. Structure and properties of nano-sized Eurofer 97 steel obtained by hydrostatic extrusion . J. Nucl. Mater. 2009 , 386–8 , 499 – 502 .
  • Shin , D. ; Gitzhofer , F. ; Moreau , C. Thermal property evolution of metal based thermal barrier coatings with heat treatments . J. Mater. Sci. 2007 , 42 , 5915 – 5923 .
  • Chrissafisa , K. ; Paraskevopoulosa , K.M. ; Pavlidoua , E. ; Bikiaris , D. Thermal degradation mechanism of HDPE nanocomposites containing fumed silica nanoparticles . Thermochim. Acta 2009 , 485 , 65 – 71 .
  • Li , Y.C. ; Chen , G.H. HDPE/expanded graphite nanocomposites prepared via masterbatch process . Polym. Eng. Sci. 2007 , 47 , 882 – 888 .
  • Woo , M.W. ; Wong , P. ; Tang , Y. ; Triacca , V. ; Gloor , P.E. ; et al. . Melting behavior and thermal properties of high density polyethylene . Polym. Eng. Sci. 1995 , 35 , 151 – 156 .
  • Sun , Y. ; Luo , Y. ; Jia , D. Preparation and properties of natural rubber nanocomposites with solid-state organomodified montmorillonite . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008 , 107 , 2786 – 2792 .
  • Matbase VOF. Natural rubber properties. http://www.matbase.com/material/polymers/elastomers/natural-rubber/properties. Accessed 2010.
  • About.Com. Composites, Kevlar®. http://composite.about.com/od/aboutcompositesplastics/l/aa050597.htm. Accessed 2010.
  • Ventura , G. ; Martelli , V. Thermal conductivity of Kevlar 49 between 7 and 290 K . Cryogenics 2009 , 49 , 735 – 737 .
  • Becerril , H. ; Mao , J. ; Liu , Z. ; Stoltenberg , M. ; Bao , Z. ; Chen , Y. Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors . ACS Nano. 2008 , 2 , 463 – 470 .
  • Dikin , A.K. ; Stankovich , S. ; Zimney , E.J. ; Piner , R.D. ; Dommett , G.H.B. ; et al. . Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper . Nature 2007 , 448 , 457 – 460 .
  • Vickery , L. ; Patil , A.J. ; Mann , S. Fabrication of graphene-polymer nanocomposites with higher-order three-dimensional architectures . Adv. Mater. 2009 , 21 , 2180 – 2184 .
  • McAllister , M.J. ; Li , J.L. ; Adamson , D.H. ; Schniepp , H.C. ; Abdala , A.A. ; et al. . Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite . Chem. Mater. 2007 , 19 , 4396 – 4404 .
  • Bourlinos , A.B. ; Gournis , D. ; Petridis , D. ; Szabo , T. ; Szeri , A. ; Dekany , I. Graphite oxide, chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with primary aliphatic amines and amino acids . Chem. Mater. 2003 , 19 , 6050 – 6055 .
  • Stankovich , S. ; Dikin , D.A. ; Piner , R.D. ; Kohlhaas , K.A. ; et al. . Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide . Carbon 2007 , 45 , 1558 – 1565 .
  • Zhang , H.B. ; Zheng , W.G. ; Yan , Q. ; Yang , Y. ; Wang , J. ; et al. . Electrically conductive polyethylene terephthalate/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding . Polymer 2010 , 51 , 1191 – 1196 .
  • Zheng , W. ; Lu , X. ; Wong , S.C. Electrical and mechanical properties of expanded graphite-reinforced high-density polyethylene . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004 , 91 , 2781 – 2788 .
  • Hu , H.T. ; Wang , J.C. ; Wan , L. ; Liu , F.M. ; et al. . Preparation and properties of graphene nanosheets – polystyrene nanocomposites via insitu emulsion polymerization . ChemPhy Letts. 2010 , 484 , 247 – 253 .
  • Ye , L. ; Meng , X.Y. ; Ji , X. ; Li , Z.M. ; Tang , J.H. Synthesis and characterization of expandable graphite-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite particles and their application to flame retardation of rigid polyurethane foams . Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009 , 94 , 971 – 979 .
  • Chen , G. ; Wu , D. ; Weng , W. ; Wu , C. Exfoliation of graphite flakes and its nanocomposites . Carbon 2003 , 41 , 619 – 621 .
  • Kornmann , X. Synthesis and characterization of thermoset-layered silicate nanocomposites. PhD thesis. Sweden, Lulea Tekniska Universitet, 2001.
  • Moujahid , E.M. ; Besse , J.P. ; Leroux , F. Poly(styrene sulfonate) layered double hydroxide nanocomposites Stability and subsequent structural transformation with changes in temperature . J. Mater. Chem. 2003 , 13 , 258 – 264 .
  • Hsueh , H.B. ; Chen , C.Y. Preparation and properties of LDHs/polyimide nanocomposites . Polymer 2003 , 44 , 1151 – 1161 .
  • Lee , W.D. ; Im , S.S. Thermomechanical properties and crystallization behavior of layered double hydroxide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization . J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B Polym. Phys. 2007 , 45 , 28 – 40 .
  • Hussain , F. ; Hojjati , M. ; Okamoto , M. ; Gorga , R.E. Review article, polymer–matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application, an overview . J. Compos. Mater. 2006 , 40 , 1511 – 1575 .
  • Shen , J.W. ; Huang , W.Y. ; Zuo , S.W. ; Hou , J. Polyethylene/grafted polyethylene/graphite nanocomposites, preparation, structure, and electrical properties . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005 , 97 , 51 – 58 .
  • Hsueh , H.B. ; Chen , C.Y. Preparation and properties of LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites . Polymer 2003 , 44 , 5275 – 5283 .
  • Wanga , W.P. ; Pana , C.Y. Preparation and characterization of polystyrene/graphite composite prepared by cationic grafting polymerization . Polymer 2004 , 45 , 3987 – 3995 .
  • Kalaitzidou , K. ; Fukushima , H. ; Drzal , L.T. A new compounding method for exfoliated graphite-polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 67 , 2045 – 2051 .
  • Zammarano , M. ; Franceschi , M. ; Bellayer , S. ; Gilman , G.W. ; Meriani , S. Preparation and flame resistance properties of revolutionaryself-extinguishing epoxy nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides . Polymer 2005 , 46 , 9314 – 9328 .
  • Broza , G. ; Piszczek , K. ; Schulte , K. ; Sterzynski , T. Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 67 , 890 – 894 .
  • Kim , S.K. ; Kim , N.H. ; Lee , J.H. Effects of the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the positive temperature coefficient characteristics of carbon-black-filled high density polyethylene nanocomposites . Scripta Mater. 2006 , 55 , 1119 – 1122 .
  • Kim , S. ; Do , I. ; Drzal , L.T. Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical behavior of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets-LLDPE nanocomposites . Polym. Compos. 2009 , 31 , 755 – 761 .
  • Chen , G. ; Wu , C. ; Weng , W. ; Wu , D. ; Yan , W. Preparation of polystyrene/graphite nanosheet composites . Polymer 2003 , 44 , 1781 – 1784 .
  • Weng , W. ; Chen , G. ; Wu , D. Transport properties of electrically conducting nylon 6/foliated graphite nanocomposites . Polymer 2005 , 46 , 6250 – 6257 .
  • Li , Q. ; Park , O.K. ; Lee , J.H. Positive temperature coefficient behavior of HDPE/EVA blends filled with carbon black . Adv. Mater. Res. 2009 , 79 , 2267 – 2270 .
  • Jeevananda , T. ; Jang , Y.K. ; Lee , J.H. ; Siddaramaiah , D. ; Urs , M.V. ; Ranganathaiah , C. Investigation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced high-density polyethylene/carbon black nanocomposites using electrical DSC and positron lifetime spectroscopy techniques . Polym. Int. 2009 , 58 , 755 – 780 .
  • Li , Q. ; Siddaramaiah ; Kim , N.H. ; Yoo , G.H. ; Lee , J.H. Positive temperature coefficient characteristic and structure of graphite nanofibers reinforced high-density polyethylene/carbon black nanocomposites . Compos. Pt. B 2009 , 40 , 218 – 224 .
  • Renukappa , N.M. ; Siddaramaiah ; Sudhaker Samuel , R.D. ; Sundara Rajan , J. ; Lee , J.H. Dielectric properties of carbon black, SBR composites . J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2009 , 20 , 648 – 656 .
  • Li , Q. ; Kim , J.W. ; Shim , T.H. ; Jang , Y.K. ; Lee , J.H. Positive temperature coefficient behavior of the graphite nanofibre and carbon black filled high-density polyethylene hybrid composites . Adv. Mater. Res. 2008 , 47 , 226 – 229 .
  • Zhang , W. ; Blackburn , R.S. ; Dehghani-Sanij , A. Electrical conductivity of epoxy resin-carbon black-silica nanocomposites, effect of silica concentration and analysis of polymer curing reaction by FTIR . Scripta Mater. 2007 , 57 , 949 – 952 .
  • Chrissafis , K. ; Paraskevopoulos , K.M. ; Stavrev , S.Y. ; Docoslis , A. ; Vassiliou , A. ; Bikiaris , D.N. Characterization and thermal degradation mechanism of isotactic polypropylene/carbon black nanocomposites . Thermochim. Acta 2007 , 465 , 6 – 17 .
  • Wang , H. ; Zhang , H. ; Zhao , W. ; Zhang , W. ; Chen , G. Preparation of polymer/oriented graphite nanosheet composite by electric field inducement . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008 , 68 , 238 – 243 .
  • Debelak , B. ; Lafdi , K. Use of exfoliated graphite filler to enhance polymer physical properties . Carbon 2007 , 45 , 1727 – 1734 .
  • Chen , X. ; Zheng , Y.P. ; Kang , F. ; Shen , W.C. Preparation and structure analysis of carbon/carbon composite made from phenolic resin impregnation into exfoliated graphite . J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2006 , 67 , 1141 – 1144 .
  • Mazinani , S. ; Ajji , A. ; Dubois , C. Morphology, structure and properties of conductive PS/CNT nanocomposite electrospun mat . Polymer 2009 , 50 , 3329 – 3342 .
  • Geng , Y. ; Liu , M.Y. ; Li , J. ; Shi , X.M. ; Kim , J.K. Effects of surfactant treatment on mechanical and electrical properties of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites . Compos. Pt. A 2008 , 39 , 1876 – 1883 .
  • Liao , S.H. ; Yen , C.Y. ; Weng , C.C. ; Lin , Y.F. ; Ma , C.C.M. ; et al. . Preparation and properties of carbon nanotube/polypropylene nanocomposite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells . J. Power Sour. 2008 , 185 , 1225 – 1232 .
  • Spitalsky , Z. ; Tasis , D. ; Papagelis , K. ; Galiotis , C. Carbon nanotube–polymer composites, chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties . Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010 , 35 , 357 – 401 .
  • Park , O.K. ; Jeevananda , T. ; Kim , N.H. ; Kim , S. ; Lee , J.H. Effects of surface modification on the dispersion and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube/polyaniline composites . Script Mater. 2009 , 60 , 551 – 554 .
  • Jeevananda , T. ; Siddaramaiah ; Kim , N.H. ; Hoe , S.B. ; Lee , J.H. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate . Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008 , 19 , 1 – 9 .
  • Jeevananda , T. ; Siddaramaiah , Lee , T.S. ; Samir , O.M. ; Somashekar , R. ; Lee , J.H. Polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites, chracterization by WAXS and TGA . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008 , 108 , 25 – 34 .
  • Hong , C.E. ; Prashantha , K. ; Advani , S.G. ; Lee , J.H. Effects of oxidative conditions on properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes of polymer nanocomposites . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 67 , 1027 – 1034 .
  • Khanna , V. ; Bakshi , B.R. Carbon nanofiber polymer composites, evaluation of life cycle energy use . Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009 , 43 , 2078 – 2084 .
  • Tibbetts , G.G. ; Lake , M.L. ; Strong , K.L. ; Rice , B.P. A review of the fabrication and properties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/polymer composites . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 67 , 1709 – 1718 .
  • Chipara , M. ; Lozano , K. ; Hernandez , A. ; Chipara , M. TGA analysis of polypropylene-carbon nanofibers composites . Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008 , 93 , 871 – 876 .
  • Park , J.K. ; Dob , I.H. ; Askeland , P. ; Drzal , L.T. Electrodeposition of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets onto carbon fibers and properties of their epoxy composites . Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008 , 68 , 1734 – 1741 .
  • Li , J. ; Sham , M.L. ; Kim , J.K. ; Marom , G. Morphology and properties of UV/ozone treated graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy nanocomposites . Comp. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 67 , 296 – 305 .
  • Jovic , N. ; Dudic , D. ; Montone , A. ; Antisari , M.V. ; Mitric , M. ; Djokovic , V. Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of epoxy/expanded graphite nanosheet composites. Scripta Mater. 2008, 58, 846–849.
  • Celzard , A. ; McRae , E. ; Mareche , J.F. ; Furdin , G. ; Dufort , M. ; Deleuze , C. Composites based on micron-sized exfoliated graphite particles, electrical conduction, critical exponents and anisotropy . J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1996 , 7 , 715 – 718 .
  • Li , J. ; Vaisman , L. ; Marom , G. ; Kim , J.K. Br treated graphite nanoplatelets for improved electrical conductivity of polymer composites . Carbon 2007 , 45 , 744 – 750 .
  • Yu , A. ; Ramesh , P. ; Sun , X. ; Bekyarova , E. ; Itkis , M.E. ; Haddon , R.C. Enhanced thermal conductivity in a hybrid graphite nanoplatelet-carbon nanotubes filler for epoxy composites . Adv. Mater. 2008 , 20 , 4740 – 4744 .
  • Ganguli , S. ; Roy , A.K. ; Anderson , D.P. Improved thermal conductivity for chemically functionalized exfoliated graphite/epoxy composites . Carbon 2008 , 46 , 806 – 817 .
  • Peponi , L. ; Tercjak , A. ; Verdejo , R. ; Lopez-Manchado , M.A. ; Mondragon , I. ; Kenny , J.M. Confinement of functionalized graphene sheets by triblock copolymers . J. Phys. Chem. 2009 , 113 , 17973 – 17978 .
  • Wang , D.W. ; Li , F. ; Zhao , J. ; Ren , W. ; Chen , Z.G. ; et al. . Fabrication of graphene/polyaniline composite paper via in situ anodic electropolymerization for high-performance flexible electrode . ACS Nano. 2009 , 7 , 1745 – 1752 .
  • Zhao , L. ; Zhao , L. ; Xu , Y. ; Qiu , T. ; Zhi , L. ; Shi , G. Polyaniline electrochromic devices with transparent graphene electrodes . Electrochim. Acta 2009 , 55 , 491 – 497 .
  • Yan , J. ; Wei , T. ; Fan , Z. ; Qian , W. ; Zhang , M. ; et al. . Preparation of graphene nanosheet/carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite as electrode material for supercapacitors . J. Power Sour. 2010 , 195 , 3041 – 3045 .
  • Wang , Y.G. ; Li , H.Q. ; Xia , Y.Y. Ordered whisker like polyaniline grown on the surface of mesoporous carbon and its electrochemical capacitance performance . Adv. Mater. 2006 , 18 , 2619 – 2623 .
  • Zhang , K. ; Zhang , L.L. ; Zhao , X.S. ; Wu , J. Graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites as supercapacitor electrodes . Chem. Mater. 2010 , 22 , 1392 – 1401 .
  • Wang , S. ; Tambraparni , M. ; Qiu , J. ; Tipton , J. ; Dean , D. Thermal expansion of graphene composites . Macromolecules 2009 , 42 , 5251 – 5255 .
  • Yu , J. ; Lu , K. ; Sourty , E. ; Grossiord , N. ; Koning , C.E. ; Loos , J. Characterization of conductive multiwall carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites prepared by latex technology . Carbon 2007 , 45 , 2897 – 2903 .
  • Kuilla , T. ; Srivastava , S.K. ; Bhowmick , A.K. Rubber/LDH nanocomposites by solution blending . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009 , 111 , 635 – 641 .
  • Yu , A. ; Ramesh , P. ; Itkis , M.E. ; Elena , B. ; Haddon , R.C. Graphite nanoplatelet-epoxy composite thermal interface materials . J. Phys. Chem. C 2007 , 111 , 7565 – 7569 .
  • Liu , N. ; Luo , F. ; Wu , H. ; Liu , Y. ; Zhang , C. ; Chen , J. One step ionic-liquidassisted electrochemical synthesis of ionic-liquid-functionalized graphene sheets directly from graphene . Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008 , 18 , 1518 – 1525 .
  • Eda , G. ; Chhowalla , M. Graphene-based composite thin films for electronics . Nano. Lett. 2009 , 9 , 814 – 818 .
  • Mu , Q. ; Feng , S. Thermal conductivity of graphite/silicone rubber prepared by solution intercalation . Thermochim. Acta 2007 , 462 , 70 – 75 .
  • Zhao , X. ; Zhang , Q. ; Chen , D. Enhanced mechanical properties of graphene-based poly(vinyl alcohol) composites . Macromolecules 2010 , 43 , 2357 – 2363 .
  • Liang , J. ; Xu , Y. ; Huang , Y. ; Zhang , L. ; Wang , Y. ; et al. . Infraredtriggered actuators from graphene-based nanocomposites . J. Phys. Chem. 2009 , 113 , 9921 – 9927 .
  • Kim , H. ; Macosko , C.W. Processing–property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene nanocomposites . Polymer 2009 , 50 , 3797 – 3809 .
  • Ansari , S. ; Giannelis , E.P. Functionalized graphene sheet poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites . J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B Polym. Phys. 2009 , 47 , 888 – 897 .
  • Li , H. ; Chen , J. ; Han , S. ; Niu , W. ; Liu , X. ; Xu , G. Electrochemiluminescence from tris(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-graphene-nafion modified electrode . Talanta 2009 , 79 , 165 – 170 .
  • Wang , R. ; Wang , S. ; Chen , S. ; Jiang , G. In situ polymerization approach to poly(ε-caprolactone)-graphene oxide composites . Design. Monom. Polym. 2012 , 15 ( 3 ), 303 – 310 .
  • Chieng , B.W. ; Ibrahim , N.A. ; Wan Yunus , W.M.Z. Optimization of tensile strength of poly(lactic acid)/graphene nanocomposites using response surface methodology . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 2012 , 51 ( 8 ), 791 – 799 .
  • Liu , Q. ; Zhou , X. ; Fan , X. ; Zhu , C. ; Yao , X. ; Liu , Z. Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites reinforced with graphene oxide . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 2012 , 51 ( 3 ), 251 – 256 .
  • Mohamadi , S. ; Sanjani , N.S. ; Mahdavi , H. Functionalization of graphene sheets via chemically grafting of PMMA chains through in situ polymerization . J. Macromol. Sci. Pt. A 2011 , 48 ( 8 ), 577 – 582 .
  • Liang , J. ; Huang , L. ; Li , N. ; Huang , Y. ; Wu , Y. ; Fang , S. ; Oh , J. ; Kozlov , M. ; Ma , Y. ; Li , F. ; Baughman , R. ; Chen , Y. Electromechanical actuator with controllable motion, fast response rate, and high-frequency resonance based on graphene and polydiacetylene . ACS Nano. 2012 , 6 ( 5 ), 4508 – 4519 .
  • Pan , B. ; Zhao , J. ; Zhang , Y. ; Zhang , Y. Wear performance and mechanisms of polyphenylene sulfide/polytetrafluoroethylene wax composite coatings reinforced by graphene . J. Macromol. Sci. Pt. B Phys. 2012 , 51 ( 6 ), 1218 – 1227 .
  • Pang , H. ; Bao , Y. ; Lei , J. ; Tang , J.H. ; Ji , X. ; Zhang , W.Q. ; Chen , C. Segregated conductive ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composites containing high-density polyethylene as carrier polymer of graphene nanosheets . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 2012 , 51 ( 14 ), 1483 – 1486 .
  • Pan , B. ; Xu , G. ; Zhang , B. ; Ma , X. ; Li , H. ; Zhang , Y. Preparation and tribological properties of polyamide 11/graphene coatings . Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 2012 , 51 ( 11 ), 1163 – 1166 .
  • Eda , G. ; Lin , Y.Y. ; Miller , S. ; Chen , C.W. ; Su , W.F. ; Chhowalla , M. Transparent and conducting electrodes for organic electronics from reduced graphene oxide . Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 92 , 233305/1 – 3 .
  • Wu , J. ; Becerril , H.A. ; Bao , Z. ; Liu , Z. ; Chen , Y. ; Peumans , P. Organic solar cells with solution processed graphene transparent electrodes . Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 92 , 263302/1 – 3 .
  • Hong , W. ; Xu , Y. ; Lu , G. ; Li , C. ; Shi , G. Transparent graphene/PEDOT–PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells . Electrochem. Comm. 2008 , 10 , 1555 – 1558 .
  • Gomez De Arco , L. ; Zhang , Y. ; Schlenker , C.W. ; Ryu , K. ; Thompson , M.E. ; Zhou , C. Continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition for organic photovoltaics . ACS Nano. 2010 , 25 , 4 ( 5 ), 2865 – 2873 .
  • Li , S.S. ; Tu , K.H. ; Lin , C.C. ; Chen , C.W. ; Chhowalla , M. Solution processable grapheme oxide as an efficient hole transport layer in polymer solar cells . ACS Nano. 2010 , 4 , 3169 – 3174 .
  • Valentini , L. ; Cardinali , M. ; Bon , S.B. ; Bagnis , D. ; Verdejo , R. ; Lopez Manchado , M.A. ; Kenny , J.M. Use of butylamine modified graphene sheets in polymer solar cells . J. Mater. Chem. 2010 , 20 , 995 – 1000 .
  • Wang , X. , Zhi , L. , Müllen , K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells . Nano Lett. 2007 , 98 , 323 – 327 .
  • Li , S.S. ; Tu , K.H. ; Lin , C.C. ; Chen , C.W. ; Chhowalla , M. Graphene oxide-polyelectrolyte Nanomembranes . ACS Nano. 2010 , 4 , 3169 – 3174 .
  • Blake , P. ; Brimicombe , P.D. ; Nair , R.R. ; Booth , T.J. ; Jiang , D. ; Schedin , F. ; Ponomarenko , L.A. ; Morozov , S.V. ; Gleeson , H.F. ; Hill , E.W. ; Geim , A.K. ; Novoselov , K.S. Graphene-based Liquid crystal devices. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1704–1708.
  • Eda , G. ; Unalan , H.E. ; Rupesinghe , N.L. ; Amaratunga , G.A.J. ; Chhowalla , M. Field emission from graphene based composite thin films . Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 93 , 233502 – 233503 .
  • Verma , V.P. ; Das , S. ; Lahiri , I. ; Choi , W. Large-area graphene on polymer film for flexible and transparent anode in field emission device . Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010 , 96 , 203108/1 – 3 .
  • Lee , Y. ; Bae , S. ; Jang , H. ; Jang , S. ; Zhu , S.E. ; Sim , S.H. ; Song , Y.I. ; Hong , B.H. ; Ahn , J.H. Wafer-scale synthesis and transfer of graphene films . Nano Lett. 2010 , 10 ( 2 ), 490 – 493 .
  • Bae , S. ; Kim , H. ; Lee , Y. ; Xu , X. ; Park , J.S. ; Zheng , Y. ; Balakrishnan , J. ; Lei , T. Kim , H.R. ; Song , Y.I. ; Kim , Y.J. ; Kim , K.S. ; Ozyilmaz , B. ; Ahn , J.H. ; Hong , B.H. ; Iijima , B. Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes . S. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010 , 5 , 574 – 578 .
  • Hong , W. , Xu , Y. , Lu , G. , Li , C. , Shi , G. Transparent graphene/PEDOT-PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye sensitized solar cells . Electrochem. Comm. 2008 , 10 , 1555 – 1558 .
  • Wang , J. ; Wang , Y. ; He , D. ; Wu , H. ; Wang , H. ; Zhou , P. ; Fu , M. Influence of polymer/fullerene-graphene structure on organic polymer solar devices . Integr. Ferroelect. 2012 , 137 ( 1 ), 1 – 9 .
  • Hsu , C.L. ; Lin , C.T. ; Huang , J.H. ; Chu , C.W. ; Wei , K.H. ; Li , L.J. Layer-by-layer graphene/TCNQ stacked films as conducting anodes for organic solar cells . ACS Nano. 2012 , 6 ( 6 ), 5031 – 5039 .
  • Wang , J. ; Wang , Y. ; He , D. ; Wu , H. ; Wang , H. ; Zhou , P. ; Fu , M. ; Jiang , K. ; Chen , W. Organic photovoltaic devices based on an acceptor of solution-processable functionalized graphene . J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2011 , 11 ( 11 ), 9432 – 9438 .
  • Yan , J. ; Ye , Q. ; Wang , X. ; Yu , B. ; Zhou , F. CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized graphene nanocomposites via polymer brush templated synthesis for potential photovoltaic applications . Nanoscale 2012 , 4 ( 6 ), 2109 – 2116 .
  • Liu , J. ; Xie , L. ; Huang , W. Transparent, conductive, and flexible graphene films from large-size graphene oxide . Integrat. Ferroelect. 2011 , 128 ( 1 ), 105 – 109 .
  • Palacin , M.R. Recent advances in rechargeable battery materials, a chemist's perspective . Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009 , 38 , 2565 – 2575 .
  • Tarascon , J.M. ; Armand , M. Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries . Nature 2001 , 414 , 359 – 367 .
  • Yoo , E. ; Kim , J. ; Hosono , E. ; Zhou , H.S. ; Kudo , T. ; Honma , I. Large reversible Li storage of graphene nanosheet families for use in rechargeable Lithium ion batteries . Nano Lett. 2008 , 8 , 2277 – 2282 .
  • Song , Z. ; Xu , T. ; Gordin , M.L. ; Jiang , Y.B. ; Bae , I.T. ; Xiao , Q. ; Zhan , H. ; Liu , J. ; Wang , D. Polymer – Graphene nanocomposites as ultrafast-charge and discharge cathodes for rechargeable Lithium batteries . Nano Lett. 2012 , 12 , 22205 – 22211 .
  • C. O. S. P. E. Systems and N. R. C. (U.S.). Meeting the Energy Needs of Future Warriors, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2004.
  • Conway , B.E. Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications , Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press : New York , 1999 .
  • Wu , Q. ; Xu , Y.X. ; Yao , Z.Y. ; Liu , A.R. ; Shi , G.Q. Supercapacitors based on flexible graphene/polyaniline nanofibre composite film . ACS Nano. 2010 , 4 , 1963 – 1970 .
  • Zhou , X.S. ; Wu , T.B. ; Hu , B.J. ; Yang , G.Y. ; Han , B.X. Synthesis of graphene/polyaniline composite nanosheets mediated by polymerized ionic liquid . Chem. Commun. 2010 , 46 , 3663 – 3665 .
  • Yan , J. ; Wei , T. ; Shao , B. ; Fan , Z.J. ; Qian , W.Z. ; Zhang , M.L. ; Wei , F. Preparation of graphene nanosheet/polyaniline composite with specific capacitance . Carbon 2010 , 48 , 487 – 493 .
  • Wang , H.L. ; Hao , Q.L. ; Yang , X.J. ; Lu , L.D. ; Wang , X. Effect of graphene oxide on the properties of its composites with polyaniline . ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2010 , 2 , 821 – 828 .
  • Wang , H.L. ; Hao , Q.L. ; Yang , X.J. ; Lu , L.D. ; Wang , X. Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for super capacitors . Electrochem. Commun. 2009 , 11 , 1158 – 1161 .
  • Yan , J. ; Wei , T. ; Fan , Z.J. ; Qian , W.Z. ; Zhang , M.L. ; Shen , X.D. ; Wei , F. Preparation of graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite as electrode material for supercapaitors . J. Power Sour. 2010 , 195 , 3041 – 3045 .
  • Xu , J. ; Wang , K. ; Zu , S.Z. ; Han , B.H. ; Wei , Z. Hierarchial nano composites of polyaniline naowire arrays on graphene oxie sheets with synergestic effect for energy storage . ACS Nano 2010 , 4 , 5019 – 5026 .
  • Yu , D. ; Dai , L. Self assembled graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid films for super capacitor . J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2009 , 1 , 467 – 470 .
  • Yong , Y.C. ; Dong , X.C. ; Chan-Park , M.B. ; Song , H. ; Chen , P. Macroporous and monolithic anode based on polyaniline hybridized three-dimensional graphene for high-performance microbial fuel cells . ACS Nano. 2012 , 6 ( 3 ), 2394 – 2400 .
  • Schedin , F. ; Geim , A.K. ; Morozov , S.V. ; Hill , E.W. ; Blake , P. ; Katsnelson , M.I. ; Novoselov , K.S. Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene . Nat. Mater. 2007 , 6 , 652 – 655 .
  • Dan , Y. ; Lu , Y. ; Kybert , N.J. ; Luo , Z. ; Johnson , A.T.C. Intrinsic response of graphene vapor sensors . Nano Lett. 2009 , 9 , 1472 – 1475 .
  • Robinson , J.T. ; Perkins , F.K. ; Snow , E.S. ; Wei , Z. ; Sheehan , P.E. Reduced graphene oxide molecular sensors . Nano Lett. 2008 , 8 , 3137 – 3140 .
  • Tang , L. ; Wang , Y. ; Li , Y. ; Feng , H. ; Lu , J. ; Li , J. Preparation, structure, and electrochemical properties of reduced graphene sheet films . Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009 , 19 , 2782 – 2789 .
  • Ohno , Y. ; Maehashi , K. ; Yamashiro , Y. ; Matsumoto , K. Electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors for detecting ph and protein adsorption . Nano Lett. 2009 , 9 , 3318 – 3322 .
  • Mohanty , N. ; Berry , V. Graphene-based single-bacterium resolution biodevice and dna transistor, interfacing graphene derivatives with nanoscale and microscale biocomponents . Nano Lett. 2008 , 8 , 4469 – 4476 .
  • Liu , J.Q. ; Tao , L. ; Yang , W.R. ; Li , D. ; Boyer , C. ; Wuhrer , R. ; Braet , F. ; Davis , T.P. Synthesis, characterization, and multilayer assembly of pH sensitive graphene-polymer nanocomposites . Langmuir 2010 , 26 , 10068 – 10075 .
  • Chen , L. ; Chen , G. ; Lu , L. Piezoresistive behavior study on finger-sensing silicone rubber/graphite nanosheet nanocomposites . Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007 , 17 , 898 – 904 .
  • Ansari , S. ; Giannelis , E.P. Functionalized graphene sheet—Poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites . J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B Polym. Phys. 2009 , 47 , 888 – 897 .
  • Xu , C. ; Wang , X. ; Wang , J. ; Hu , H. ; Wan , L. Synthesis and photoelectrical properties of β-Cyclodextrin functionalized graphene materials with high bio-recognition capability, Chem . Phys. Lett. 2010 , 498 , 162 – 167 .
  • Shan , C. ; Yang , H. ; Song , J. ; Han , D. ; Ivaska , A. ; Niu , L. Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on graphene, Anal . Chem. 2009 , 81 ( 6 ), 2378 – 2382 .
  • Kanga , X. ; Wanga , J. ; Wua , H. ; Aksayb , I.A. ; Liua , J. ; Lina , Y. Glucose oxidase–graphene–chitosan modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensing . Biosen. Bioelectron. 2009 , 25 , 901 – 905 .
  • Wua , H. ; Wanga , J. ; Kanga , X. ; Wanga , C. ; Wanga , W. ; Liua , J. ; Aksayb , I.A. ; Lina , Y. Glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase in platinum nanoparticles/graphene/chitosan nanocomposite film . Talanta 2009 , 80 , 403 – 406 .
  • Baby , T.T. ; Aravind , S.S.J. ; Arockiadoss , T. ; Rakhi , R.B. ; Ramaprabhu , S. Metal decorated graphene nanosheets as immobilization matrix for amperometric glucose biosensor. Sensor Actuat. B, Chem. 2010, 145, 71–77.
  • Yin , H.S. ; Zhou , Y.L. ; Ma , Q. ; Ai , S.Y. ; Ju , P. ; Zhu , L.S. ; Lu , L.A. Electrochemical oxidation behavior of guanine and adenine on graphene–Nafion composite film modified glassy carbon electrode and the simultaneous determination . Proc. Biochem. 2010 , 45 , 1707 – 1712 .
  • Lian , H. ; Sun , Z. ; Sun , X. ; Liu , B. Graphene doped molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for uric acid. Anal. Lett. 27 Jun 2012. DOI,10.1080/00032719.2012.702173.
  • Yang , Y.C. ; Dong , S.W. ; Shen , T. ; Jian , C.X. ; Chang , H.J. ; Li , Y. ; He , F.T. ; Zhou , J.X. A Label-free amperometric immunoassay for thrombomodulin using graphene/silver-silver oxide nanoparticles as a immobilization matrix . Anal. Lett. 2012 , 45 ( 7 ), 724 – 734 .
  • Xue , R. ; Kang , T.F. ; Lu , L.P. ; Cheng , S.Y. Electrochemical sensor based on the graphene-nafion matrix for sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides. Anal. Lett. 2012, DOI, 10.1080/00032719.2012.706852.
  • Liang , J.J. ; Wang , Y. ; Huang , Y. ; Ma , Y.F. ; Liu , Z.F. ; Cai , F.M. ; Zhang , C.D. ; Gao , H.J. ; Chen , Y.S. Electromagnetic interference shielding of graphene/epoxy composites . Carbon 2009 , 47 ( 3 ), 922 – 925 .
  • Liu , Z. ; Robinson , J.T. ; Sun , X. ; Dai , H. PEGylated nano-graphene oxide for delivery of water insoluble cancer drugs . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008 , 130 ( 33 ), 10876 – 10877 .
  • Sun , X. ; Liu , Z. ; Welsher , K. ; Robinson , J.T. ; Goodwin , A. ; Zaric , S. ; Dai , H. Nano-Graphene Oxide for Cellular Imaging and Drug Delivery . Nano Res. 2008 , 1 ( 3 ), 203 – 212 .
  • Sahoo , N.G. ; Bao , H. ; Pan , Y. ; Pal , M. ; Kakran , M. ; Cheng , H.K.F. ; Li , L. ; Tan , L.P. Functionalized carbon nanomaterials as nanocarriers for loading and delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer drug, a comparative study . Chem. Commun. 2011 , 47 ( 18 ), 5235 – 5237 .
  • Pan , Y. ; Bao , H. ; Sahoo , N.G. ; Wu , T. ; Li , L. Water-soluble poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graphene sheets synthesized via click chemistry for drug delivery. Advan . Funct. Mater. 2011 , 21 ( 14 ), 2754 – 2763 .
  • Wen , H. ; Dong , C. ; Dong , H. ; Shen , A. ; Xia , W. ; Cai , X. ; Song , Y. ; Li , X. ; Li , Y. ; Shi , D. Engineered redox-responsive PEG detachment mechanism in PEGylated nano-graphene oxide for intracellular drug delivery . Small Nano Micro. 2012 , 8 ( 5 ), 760 – 769 .
  • Park , T.G. ; Jeong , J.H. ; Kim , S.W. Current status of polymeric gene delivery systems . Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2006 , 58 ( 4 ), 467 – 486 .
  • Kim , T.H. ; Jiang , H.L. ; Jere , D. ; Park , I.K. ; Cho , M.H. ; Nah , J.W. ; Choi , Y.J. ; Akaike , T. Cho , C.S. Chemical modification of chitosan as a gene carrier in vitro and in vivo . Progr. Polym. Sci. 2007 , 32 , 726 – 753 .
  • Feng , L. ; Zhang , S. ; Liu , Z. Graphene based gene transfection . Nanoscale 2011 , 3 ( 3 ), 1252 – 1257 .
  • Chen , B. ; Liu , M. ; Zhang , L. ; Huang , J. ; Yao , J. ; Zhang , Z. Polyethylenimine-functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient gene delivery vector . J. Mater. Chem. 2011 , 21 , 7736 – 7741 .
  • Kim , I.Y. ; Seo , S.J. ; Moon , H.S. ; Yoo , M.K. ; Park , I.Y. ; Kim , B.C. ; Cho , C.S. Chitosan and its derivatives for tissue engineering applications . Biotechnol. Adv. 2008 , 26 ( 1 ), 1 – 21 .
  • Kim , J.H. ; Kim , Y.S. ; Park , K. ; Kang , E. ; Lee , S. ; Nam , H.Y. ; Kim , K. ; Park , J.H. ; Chi , D.Y. ; Park , R.W. ; Kim , I.S. ; Choi , K. ; Chan Kwon , I. Self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles for the sustained and prolonged delivery of antiangiogenic small peptide drugs in cancer therapy . Biomaterials 2008 , 29 ( 12 ), 1920 – 1930 .
  • Bao , H. ; Pan , Y. , Ping , Y. ; Sahoo , N.G. ; Wu , T. ; Li , L. ; Li , J. ; Gan , L.H. Chitosan functionalized graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for drug and gene delivery . Small, Nano Micro. 2011 , 7 ( 11 ), 1569 – 1578 .
  • Zhang , L. ; Lu , Z. ; Zhao , Q. ; Huang , J. ; Shen , H. ; Zhang , Z. Enhanced chemotherapy efficacy by sequential delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs using PEI-grafted graphene oxide . Small, Nano Micro. 2011 , 7 ( 4 ), 460 – 464 .
  • Kim , H. ; Namgung , R. ; Singha , K. ; Oh , I.K. ; Kim , W.J. Graphene oxide-polyethylenimine nanoconstruct as a gene delivery vector and bioimaging tool . Bioconjug. Chem. 2011 , 22 ( 12 ), 2558 – 2567 .
  • Yang , K. ; Wan , J. ; Zhang , S. ; Zhang , Y. ; Lee , S.T. ; Liu , Z. In vivo pharmacokinetics, long-term biodistribution, and toxicology of PEGylated graphene in mice . ACS Nano. 2011 , 5 ( 1 ), 516 – 522 .
  • Yang , K. ; Zhang , S. ; Zhang , G. ; Sun , X. ; Lee , S.T. ; Liu , Z. Graphene in mice, ultrahigh in vivo tumor uptake and efficient photothermal therapy . Nano Lett. 2010 , 10 ( 9 ), 3318 – 3323 .
  • Markovic , Z.M. ; Harhaji-Trajkovic , L.M. ; Todorovic-Markovic , B.M. ; Kepic , D.P. , Arsikin , K.M. ; Jovanovic , S.P. ; Pantovic , A.C. ; Dramicanin , M.D. ; Trajkovic , V.S. In vitro comparison of the photothermal anticancer activity of graphene nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes . Biomaterials 2011 , 32 , 1121 – 1129 .
  • Tian , B. ; Wang , C. ; Zhang , S. ; Feng , L. , Liu , Z. Photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy delivered by nano-graphene oxide . ACS Nano. 2011 , 5 ( 9 ), 7000 – 7009 .
  • Shen , A.J. ; Li , D.L. ; Cai , X.J. ; Dong , C.Y. ; Dong , H.Q. ; Wen , H.Y. ; Dai , G.H. ; Wang , P.J. ; Li , Y.Y. Multifunctional nanocomposite based on graphene oxide for in vitro hepatocarcinoma diagnosis and treatment . J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012 , May 24 . doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34148 .
  • Dong , X. ; Cheng , J. ; Li , J. ; Wang , Y. Graphene as a novel matrix for the analysis of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS . Anal. Chem. 2010 , 82 , 6208 – 6214 .
  • Park , S. ; Mohanty , N. ; Suk , J.W. ; Nagaraja , A. ; An , J.H. ; Piner , R.D. ; Cai , W.W. ; Dreyer , D.R. , Berry , V. ; Ruoff , R.S. Biocompatible, Robustfree-standing paper composed of a TWEEN/Graphene composite . Adv. Mater. 2010 , 22 , 1736 – 1740 .
  • Fan , H. ; Wang , L. ; Zhao , K. ; Li , N. ; Shi , Z. ; Ge , Z. ; Jin , Z. Febrication, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of graphene reinforced chitosan composites . Biomacromolecules 2010 , 11 , 2345 – 2351 .
  • Min , K. ; Jung , J.Y. ; Han , T.H. ; Park , Y. ; Jung , C. ; Hong , S.M. ; Koo , C.M. Graphene electrodes for artificial muscles. Proceedings of the KJF-International Conference on Organic Materials for Electronics and Photonics. Molecular crystals and liquid crystals. 2011, 539 (1), 260–265 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.