A review on porous polymer composite materials for multifunctional electronic applications

References

• Ashok, C. H.; Rao, K. V.; Chakra, C. H. S. CuO/TiO2 Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesis via Room Temperature Ionic Liquid. J. Nanomater. Mol. Nanotechnol. 2016, 5, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy, P. R.; Jayarambabu, N.; Somasai, A. K.; Rao, K. V.; Aparna, Y. Structural and Morphological Studies of ZnO-CeO2 Nanocomposites. Mater. Today Proc. 2016, 3, 4146–4150. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2016.11.088.
   Google Scholar
• Jana, A.; Ghosh, S.; Devi, P. S.; Bandyopadhyaya, N. R.; Ray, M. Tunable Charge Transport through n-ZnO Nanorods on Au Coated Macroporous p-Si. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2014, 2, 9613–9619. DOI: 10.1039/C4TC01556H.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bykkam, S.; Sowmya, N.; Ahmadipour, M.; Dayakar, T.; Rao, K. V.; Chakra, C. H. S.; Kalakotla, S. Few Layered Graphene Sheet Decorated by ZnO Nanoparticles for Anti-Bacterial Application. Superlattices Microstruct. 2015, 83, 776–784. DOI: 10.1016/j.spmi.2015.03.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendar, V.; Dayakar, T.; Satish, B.; Subramanyam, K.; Prashanthi, Y. Synthesis and Characterization of CuInS2 Nanoparticles as Potential Candidates for Photocatalyst and Photovoltaic Materials. Chalcogenide Lett. 2016, 13(10), 467–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadasivuni, K. K.; Saiter, A.; Gautier, N.; Thomas, S.; Grohens, Y. Effect of Molecular Interactions on the Performance of Poly(Isobutylene-Co-Isoprene)/Graphene and Clay Nanocomposites. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2013, 291(7), 1729–1740. DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2908-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnamma, D.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Grohens, Y.; Guo, Q.; Thomas, S. Carbon Nanotube Based Elastomer Composites-An Approach Towards Multifunctional Materials. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2014, 2(40), 8446–8485. DOI: 10.1039/C4TC01037J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikarwar, S.; Kumar, A.; Yadav, B. C.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Nina, D. G. Nanostructured Spherical Shaped SC (III) Polyacrylate for Monitoring the Moisture Level. IEEE, Sens. J. 2018, 18, 4384–4391. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2823383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, P.; Sikarwar, S.; Yadav, B. C.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Nina, D. G.; Igor, E. U. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper (II) Nitrate Polyacrylamide and Its Applications as Optoelectronic Humidity Sensor. Sens. Actuators A: Phys. 2017, 263, 415–422. DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2017.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua, C.; Chan, B.; Rawal, A.; Tuna, F.; Collison, D.; Hook, J. M.; D’Alessandro, D. M. Redox Tunable Viologen-Based Porous Organic Polymers. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2016, 4, 2535–2544. DOI: 10.1039/C6TC00132G.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, P. S.; Chen, G. F. Porous Materials Processing and Applications; Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier B. V. Amsterdam: The Netherlands. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Singha, M. P.; Singha, R. K.; Chandra, S. Ionic Liquids Confined in Porous Matrices: Physicochemical Properties and Applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2014, 64, 73–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, H.;. Fabrication, Properties and Application of Porous Metals with Directional Pores. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2007, 52(7), 1091–1173. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y.; Li, X.; Sun, S.; Hao, X.; Wu, Y. Synthesize of Graphene-LiFePO4composite Porous Microsphere with the Enhanced Rate Performance. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2013, 8, 2842–2848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, C. S.;. Microwave Synthesis of Ag-CdWO4/Zeolite Composites Assisted by a Solid-State Metathetic Route. Asian J. Chem. 2013, 25(1), 67–70. DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.
   Google Scholar
• Jianmei, W.; Feipeng, C.; Gai, Y.; Bo, W.; Suqin, H. Synthesis of Porous LiFePO4/C Composite Materials by CCVD Method. Rare Metal. Mat. Eng. 2015, 44, 307–311. DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5372(15)30025-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K.; Chen, L.; Chen, Y.; Bai, H.; Li, L. Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene-Based Composite Materials: Electrochemical Synthesis and Application. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22(39), 20968–20976. DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34816k.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, L. F.; He, Y.; Huang, X.; Cui, X.; Wang, S.; Ge, D.; Zhao, N.; Li, Y.; Sun, Y.; Shi, W. Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Porous Nanostructured Thin Films of Conducting Polymers and Their Composites. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(44), 34616–34621. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA02161H.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T. Y.; Walawender, W. P.; Fan, L. T.; Fan, M.; Daugaard, D.; Brown, R. C. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Forest and Agricultural Residues through CO2 Activation. Chem. Eng. J. 2004, 105(1–2), 53–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2004.06.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J.; Kim, J.; Hyeon, T. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials. Adv Mater. 2006, 18(16), 2073–2094. DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, M.; McCormack, A.; Keswani, M. The Formation Mechanism of Gradient Porous Si in a Contactless Electrochemical Process. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2016, 4, 4204–4210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z.; Li, Z.; Yu, L.; Yang, Y.; Xu, Z. Achieving High Performance Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation: A Rational Design of Silica Coated Mesoporous Iron Microcubes. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2014, 2, 7583–7588. DOI: 10.1039/C4TC01363H.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leis, J.; Käärik, M.; Torop, J.; Aabloo, A.; Arulepp, M. Nanotuned Carbide-Derived Carbon as a Potential Low-Voltage Actuator in Lab-On-Chip Applications for Blood Analysis and Point-Of-Care Medicine. J. Clinic. Stud. 2013, 5, 34–37.
   Google Scholar
• Detsi, E.; Onck, P. R.; De Hosson, J. T. M. Electrochromic Artificial Muscles Based on Nanoporous Metal-Polymer Composites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 103, 193101. DOI: 10.1063/1.4827089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T.; Huang, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, E.; Sun, W.; Tong, Z. Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2015, 7(42), 23423–23430. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torop, J.; Arulepp, M.; Sugino, T.; Asaka, K.; JäNes, A.; Lust, E.; Aabloo, A. Microporous and Mesoporous Carbide-Derived Carbons for Strain Modification of Electromechanical Actuators. Langmuir. 2014, 30, 2583–2587. DOI: 10.1021/la404616w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pumera, M.;. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Storage. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 668–674. DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00295J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanthapanichakoon, W.; Tamon, H.; Nakagawa, K.; Charinpanitkul, T. Synthesis of Porous Materials and Their Microstructural Control through Ice Templating. Eng. J. 2013, 17, 1–8. DOI: 10.4186/ej.2013.17.3.1.
   Google Scholar
• Saravanan, P.; Gopalan, R.; Chandrasekaran, V. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials. Defence Sci. J. 2008, 58(4), 504–516. DOI: 10.14429/dsj.58.1671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sau, T. K.; Rogach, A. L. Complex-Shaped Metal Nanoparticles: Bottom-Up Syntheses and Applications; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Patnaik, P.;. Dean’s Analytical Chemistry Handbook, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York. 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Potdar, H. S.; Jun, K. W.; Bae, J. W.; Kim, S. M.; Lee, Y. J. Synthesis of Nano-Sized Porous γ-alumina Powder via a Precipitation/Digestion Route. Appl. Catal. A. 2007, 321, 109–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.01.055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanizadeh, S.; Bao, X.; Vaidhyanathan, B.; Binner, J. Synthesis of Nano α-alumina Powders Using Hydrothermal and Precipitation Routes: A Comparative Study. Ceram. Int. 2014, 40(1), 1311–1319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.07.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, F.; Yin, J.; Duan, Y. Q.; Yuan, Z. H.; Bie, L. J. Coprecipitation Synthesis and Gas-Sensing Properties of ZnO Hollow Sphere with Porous Shell. Sens. Actuators B. 2011, 156, 703–708. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2011.02.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannavale, A.; Fiorito, F.; Manca, M.; Tortorici, G.; Cingolani, R.; Gigli, G. Multifunctional Bioinspired Sol-Gel Coatings for Architectural Glasses. Build. Environ. 2010, 45, 1233–1243. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominko, R.;. Li2MSiO4 (M = Fe And/Or Mn) Cathode Materials. J. Power Sources. 2008, 184(2), 462–468. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.02.089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson, P.; Ahuja, R.; Nytén, A.; Thomas, J. O. An Ab Initio Study of the Li-Ion Battery Cathode Material Li2FeSiO4. Electrochem. Commun. 2006, 8(5), 797–800. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.03.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominko, R.; Conte, D. E.; Hanzel, D.; Gabers Cek, M.; Jamnik, J. Impact of Synthesis Conditions on the Structure and Performance of Li2FeSiO4. J. Power Sources. 2008, 178(2), 842–847. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J.; Cheng, F. Y. Combination of Lightweight Elements and Nanostructured Materials for Batteries. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42(6), 713–723. DOI: 10.1021/ar800229g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikeyan, K.; Aravindan, V.; Lee, S. B.; Jang, I. C.; Lim, H. H.; Park, G. J.; Yoshio, M.; Lee, Y. S. A Novel Asymmetric Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on Li2FeSiO4 and Activated Carbon Electrodes. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 504(1), 224–227. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.05.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S.; Deng, C.; Yang, S. Y. Preparation of nano-Li2FeSiO4 as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2009, 12(7), 136–139. DOI: 10.1149/1.3129133.
   Google Scholar
• Deng, C.; Zhang, S.; Fu, B. L.; Yang, S. Y.; Ma, L. Characterization of Li2MnSiO4 and Li2FeSiO4 Cathode Materials Synthesized via a Citric Acid Assisted Sol-Gel Method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2010, 120(1), 14–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.11.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, A.; Zhang, T.; Cheng, F.; Tao, Z.; Chen, J. Porous Li2FeSiO4/C Nanocomposite as the Cathode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries. J. Power Sources. 2012, 198, 229. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, F.; Ran, J.; Jaroniec, M.; Qiao, S. Z. Solution Combustion Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion. Nanoscale. 2015, 7(42), 17590–17610. DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05299h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajeshwar, K.; De Tacconi, N. R. Solution Combustion Synthesis of Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38(7), 1984–1998. DOI: 10.1039/b811238j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruna, S. T.; Mukasyan, A. S. Combustion Synthesis and Nanomaterials. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2008, 12, 44–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2008.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, M.; Qin, M.; Chen, P.; Jia, B.; Chen, Z.; Li, R.; Liu, Z.; Qu, X. Facile Preparation of Network-Like Porous Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Nanosheets via a Novel Combustion-Based Route. Ceram. Int. 2016, 42(8), 10380–10388. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ran, H.; Niu, J.; Song, B.; Wang, X.; Feng, P.; Wang, J.; Ge, Y.; Farid, A. Microstructure and Properties of Ti5Si3-based Porous Intermetallic Compounds Fabricated via Combustion Synthesis. J. Alloys Compd. 2014, 612, 337–342. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Z.; Yang, W.; Kang, Y.; Qiao, G.; Jin, Z. Synthesis of AlN Porous-Shell Hollow Spheres by a Combustion Route. Ceram. Int. 2013, 39(4), 4663–4667. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.10.235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raliya, R.; Biswas, P. Environmentally Benign Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles, Their Self Assembly and Agglomerations. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 42081–42087. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA04569J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R.; Zhang, F.; Feng, J.; Qian, Y. Green and Facile Synthesis of Porous ZnCO3 as a Novel Anode Material for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries. Mater. Lett. 2014, 118, 5–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.12.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, G. A.; War, J. A.; Naikoo, G. A.; Pandit, U. J.; Das, R. Porous CuO Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Some Novel 3-Alkylated Indoles as Potent Anti Tubercular Agents. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc. 2018, 22(1), 6–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.03.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Z. Q.; Zhu, Y. N.; Qin, H.; Li, Y. H.; Liang, Y. P.; Deng, H.; Liu, H. L. Preparation and Properties of Porous Composite of Hematite/Magnetite/Carbon with Eucalyptus Wood Biotemplate. Mater. Manuf. Processes. 2015, 30, 285–291. DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2014.941478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchanek, K.; Bartkowiak, A.; Gdowik, A.; Perzanowski, M.; Kąc, S.; Szaraniec, B. Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Coatings Synthesized under Hydrothermal Conditions on Modified Titanium Substrates. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2015, 51, 57–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haders, D. J.; Burukhin, A.; Zlotnikov, E.; Riman, R. E. TEP/EDTA Doubly Regulated Hydrothermal Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite Films on Metal Substrates. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20(22), 7177–7187. DOI: 10.1021/cm071628c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Y.; Hu, M.; Yan, W.; Wang, D.; Yuan, L.; Qin, Y. Hydrothermal Synthesis Porous Silicon/Tungsten Oxide Nanorods Composites and Their Gas-Sensing Properties to NO2 at Room Temperature. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 353, 79–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, N. K.; Hardi, M.; Balema, V. P. Mechanochemical Synthesis of an Yttrium Based Metal-Organic Framework. Chem. Comm. 2013, 49, 972–974. DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36325a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dajana, J. C.; Bitenc, M.; Marinšek, M.; Orel, Z. C. The Impact of Nano-Milling on Porous ZnO Prepared from Layered Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate and Zinc Hydroxide Carbonate. Mater. Res. Bull. 2014, 60, 738–745. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.09.061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salahinejad, E.; Amini, R.; Hadianfard, M. J. Effect of Milling Time on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Porous Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels Processed by Mechanical Alloying and Sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2010, 527(21–22), 5522–5527. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.05.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingole, R. S.; Lokhande, B. J. Nanoporous Vanadium Oxide Network Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis. Mater. Lett. 2016, 168, 95–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.01.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, L.; Taniguchi, I. Correlation between Porous Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Porous Nanostructured Vanadium Pentoxide Synthesized by Novel Spray Pyrolysis. J. Power Sources. 2016, 312, 36–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Cao, J.; Huang, R. J.; Wingkei, H.; Lee, S. C. Hierarchical Porous ZnWO4 Microspheres Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis: Characterization, Mechanistic and Photocatalytic NOx Removal Studies. Appl. Catal. A. 2016, 515, 170–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2016.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullity, B. D.;. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction; Addison-Wesley Publication Company Inc., : Massachusetts, USA. 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Buseck, P.; Cowley, J. M.; Eyring, L. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Associated Techniques; Oxford University Press: USA. 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. L.;. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Shape-Controlled Nanocrystals and Their Assemblies. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2000, 104(6), 1153–1175. DOI: 10.1021/jp993593c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinca, M.; Dailly, A.; Liu, Y.; Brown, C. M.; Neumann, D. A.; Long, J. R. Hydrogen Storage in a Microporous Metal-Organic Framework with Exposed Mn2+ Coordination Sites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128(51), 16876–16883. DOI: 10.1021/ja0656853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowell, S.; Shields, J. E.; Thomas, M. A.; Thommes, M. Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Pore Size and Density; Springer: Netherlands, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Pasha, S. K. K.; Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Chidambaram, K.; Mohanapriya, M. K.; Nambiraj, N. A. Investigation of Microstructure, Morphology, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of PVA/PbO Nanocomposites. Adv. Polym. Tech. 2017, 36, 352–361. DOI: 10.1002/adv.21616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berciaud, S.; Cognet, L.; Tamarat, P.; Lounis, B. Observation of Intrinsic Size Effects in the Optical Response of Individual Gold Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2005, 5(3), 515–518. DOI: 10.1021/nl050062t.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, J. R.; Juste, J. P.; Abajo, F. J. G. D.; Marzan, L. M. L. Seeded Growth of Submicron Au Colloids with Quadrupole Plasmon Resonance Modes. Langmuir. 2006, 22, 7007–7010. DOI: 10.1021/la060990n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efremov, V. E.; Ariese, F.; Gooijer, C. Achievements in Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Review of a Technique with a Distinct Analytical Chemistry Potential. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2008, 606(2), 119–134. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dresselhaus, M. S.; Jorio, A.; Hofmann, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Saito, R. Perspectives on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Raman Spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 2010, 10(3), 751–758. DOI: 10.1021/nl904286r.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boote, J. J.; Evans, S. D. Dielectrophoretic Manipulation and Electrical Characterization of Gold Nanowires. Nanotechnology. 2005, 16(9), 1500. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/9/015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streeter, I.; Wildgoose, G. G.; Shao, L.; Compton, R. G. Cyclic Voltammetry on Electrode Surfaces Covered with Porous Layers: An Analysis of Electron Transfer Kinetics at Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes. Sens. Actuators B. 2008, 133, 462–466. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.03.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katheria, A. D.; Srivastava, R.; Kumar, R.; Yadav, B. C. Investigation on Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) - Polypyrrole Nanocomposites for Opto-Electronic Humidity Sensing Application. Adv. Sci. Eng. Med. 2018, 10, 689–694.
   Google Scholar
• Picasso, G.; Sun Kou, M. R.; Vargasmachuca, O.; Rojas, J.; Zavala, C.; Lopez, A.; Irusta, S. Sensors Based on Porous Pd-Doped Hematite (α-Fe2O3) for LPG Detection. Mesopor. Mat. 2014, 185, 79–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.11.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashok, C. H.; Rao, K. V. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of CuO/TiO Nanocomposite for Humidity Sensor Application. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2016, 27(8), 8816–8825. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-4907-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindra, K.; Yadav, B. C. Humidity Sensing Investigation on Nanostructured Polyaniline Synthesized via Chemical Polymerization Method. Mater. Lett. 2016, 167, 300–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.01.082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomogailo, D. A.; Singh, S.; Singh, M.; Yadav, B. C.; Tandon, P.; Pomogailo, S. I.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Kydralieva, K. A. Polymer-Matrix Nanocomposite Gas Sensing Materials. Inorg. Mater. 2014, 50, 296–305. DOI: 10.1134/S0020168514030108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Singh, M.; Yadav, B. C.; Tandon, P.; Pomogailo, S. I.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Pomogailo, A. D. Experimental Investigation on Liquified Petrolium Gas Sensing of Cd (NO3)2. (Aam)4.2h2o and CdS/polyacrylamide Synthesized via Frontal Polymerization. Sens. Actuators B. 2011, 160, 826–834. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2011.08.068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, B. C.; Chauhan, K. S.; Singh, S.; Sonker, R. K.; Sikarwar, S.; Kumar, R. Growth and Characterization of Sol-Gel Processed Rectangular Shaped Nanostructured Ferric Oxide Thin Film Followed by Humidity and Gas Sensing. J. Mater. Sci. 2017, 28, 5270–5280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, B. C.; Sikarwar, S.; Yadav, R.; Chaudhary, P.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Nina, D. G. Preparation of Zinc (II) Nitrate Polyacrylamide (Paam) and Its Optoelectronic Applications for Humidity Sensing. J. Mater. Sci. 2018, 29, 7770–7777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashok, C. H.; Rao, K. V.; Chakra, C. H. S. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite for Humidity Sensor Application. Adv. Mater. Processes. 2016, 1(1), 60–64. DOI: 10.5185/amp.2016/111.
   Google Scholar
• Tomer, V. K.; Devi, S.; Malik, R.; Nehra, S. P.; Duhan, S. Fast Response with High Performance Humidity Sensing of Ag-SnO2/SBA-15 Nanohybrid Sensors. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 2016, 219, 240–248. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.08.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonker, R. K.; Yadav, B. C. Development of Fe2O3-PANI Nanocomposite Thin Film Based Sensor for NO2 Detection. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2017, 77, 276–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.04.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, G. F.; Cavanagh, L. M.; Afonja, A.; Binions, R. Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Gas Sensors in Environmental Monitoring. Sensors. 2010, 10(6), 5469–5502. DOI: 10.3390/s100605469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X. F.; Wang, Z. J.; Liu, Y. B.; Wang, C.; Li, L. J. A Highly Sensitive Ethanol Sensor Based on Mesoporous ZnO-SnO2nanofibers. Nanotechnology. 2009, 20(7), 75501–75505. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/7/075501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arshak, K.; Gaidan, I. Development of a Novel Gas Sensor Based on Oxide Thick Films. Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 2005, 118(1–3), 44–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, D.; Li, Y.; Lian, X.; Zou, Y.; Deng, G. Synthesis of Porous ZnO Structure for Gas Sensor and Photocatalytic Applications. Colloid Surf. A. 2014, 447, 81–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goutham, S.; Kumar, D. S.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Cabibihan, J. J.; Rao, K. V. Nanostructure ZnFe2O4 with Bacillus Subtilis for Detection of LPG at Low Temperature. J. Electron. Mater. 2017, 46(4), 2334–2339. DOI: 10.1007/s11664-016-5273-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goutham, S.; Kaur, S.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Bal, J. K.; Jayarambabu, N.; Kumar, D. S.; Rao, K. V. Nanostructured ZnO Gas Sensors Obtained by Green Method and Combustion Technique. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2017, 57, 100–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2016.09.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, H.; Yang, H.; Ma, X. A Comparative Study of Porous ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized from Different Zinc Salts as Gas Sensor Materials. J. Alloys Compd. 2013, 578, 272–278. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Duan, G.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Liu, G.; Xu, L.; Cai, W. In Situ Growth of Porous ZnO Nanosheet-Built Network Film as High-Performance Gas Sensor. Sens. Actuators B. 2015, 221, 350–356. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornyushchenko, A. S.; Jayatissa, A. H.; Natalich, V. V.; Perekrestov, V. I. Two Step Technology for Porous ZnO Nanosystem Formation for Potential Use in Hydrogen Gas Sensors. Thin Solid Films. 2016, 604, 48–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y.; Chen, W.; Zhang, S.; Kuang, Z.; Ao, D.; Alkurd, N. R.; Zhou, W.; Liu, W.; Shen, W.; Li, Z. A High Performance Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Sensor Based on Porous α-Fe2O3 Operates at Room-Temperature. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 351, 1025–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, B.; Wang, L.; Wu, H.; Kan, K.; Zhang, G.; Xie, Y.; Tian, Y.; Li, L.; Shi, K. Templated Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical Porous Co3O4materials and Their NH3 Sensor at Room Temperature. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2016, 225, 154–163. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.12.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X.; Hu, M.; Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Qin, Y. High Sensitivity NO2 Sensor Based on CuO/p-porous Silicon Heterojunction at Room Temperature. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 685, 364–369. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.05.215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, J.; Chen, J.; Liu, K.; Huang, X. Synthesis of Porous α-Fe2O3 Microrods via in Situ Decomposition of FeC2O4 Precursor for Ultra-Fast Responding and Recovering Ethanol Gas Sensor. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 230, 46–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. G.; Lee, K. W. Electrostatic Gas Sensor with a Porous Silicon Diaphragm. Sens. Actuators B. 2015, 219, 10–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, F.; Gong, Y.; Liu, H.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Li, F. Porous In2O3 Nanocuboids Modified with Pd Nanoparticles for Chemical Sensors. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 223, 384–391. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.09.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, W.; Liu, A.; Huang, L.; Li, C.; Shi, G. High-Performance NO2 Sensors Based on Chemically Modified Graphene. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 766–771. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M. S.; Kim, K. H.; Kim, M. J.; Lee, Y. S. NH3 Gas Sensing Properties of a Gas Sensor Based on Fluorinated Graphene Oxide. Colloid Surf. A. 2016, 490, 104–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadasivuni, K. K.; Castro, M.; Saiter, A.; Delbreilh, L.; Feller, J. F.; Thomas, S.; Grohens, Y. Development of Poly(Isobutylene-Co-Isoprene)/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Barrier, Dielectric and Sensing Applications. Mater. Lett. 2013, 96, 109–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnamma, D.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Strankowski, M.; Guo, Q.; Thomas, S. Synergistic Effect of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxides in Natural Rubber for Sensing Application. Soft Matter. 2013, 9, 10343–10353. DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51978c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangamani, J. G.; Deshmukh, K.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Chidambaram, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Ponnamma, D. A.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Pasha, S. K. K. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensor and Gas Sensors Based on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)-A Review. Adv Mater. Lett. 2017, 3, 196–205. DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2017.7042.
   Google Scholar
• Sadasivuni, K. K.; Kafy, A.; Zhai, L.; Ko, H. U.; Mun, S.; Kim, J. Transparent and Flexible Cellulose Nanocrystal/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film for Proximity Sensing. Small. 2015, 11(8), 994–1002. DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alizadeh, T.; Soltani, L. H. Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Gas Sensor Array for Pattern Recognition of DMMP Vapor. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 234, 361–370. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.04.165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Gaskov, A. M.; Akbar, S. A. Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Decorated TiO2 Microspheres for Selective Room-Temperature Gas Sensors. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 230, 330–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L.; Xu, B.; Ye, H.; Zhao, F.; Zeng, B. A Novel Quercetin Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Poly (Para-Aminobenzoic Acid) on 3D Pd Nanoparticles-Porous Graphene-Carbon Nanotubes Composite. Sens. Actuators B. 2017, 251, 601–608. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesler, P.; Hornoiu, C.; Mihaiu, S.; Vladut, C.; Moreno, J. M. C.; Anastasescu, M.; Moldovan, C.; Firtat, B.; Brasoveanu, C.; Muscalu, G.;Stan, I.; Gartner, M. Nanostructured SnO2–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, S.; Sun, F.; Yang, S.; Pan, Z.; Long, J.; Gu, F. Fabrication of SnO2-Reduced Graphite Oxide Monolayer-Ordered Porous Film Gas Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity through Ultra-Violet Light Irradiation. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, Article No. 8939. DOI: 10.1038/srep08939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yebo, N. A.; Lommens, P.; Hens, Z.; Baets, R. An Integrated Optic Ethanol Vapor Sensor Based on a Silicon-On-Insulator Microring Resonator Coated with a Porous ZnO Film. Opt. Express. 2010, 18(11), 11859–11866. DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.011859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, M. K.; Gupta, V. SnO2-CuO Nanocomposite Thin Film Sensor for Fast Detection of H2S Gas. J. Exp. Nanosci. 2013, 8, 326–331. DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2012.680930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kida, T.; Nishiyama, A.; Hua, Z.; Suematsu, K.; Yuasa, M.; Shimanoe, K. WO3 Nanolamella Gas Sensor: Porosity Control Using SnO2Nanoparticles for Enhanced NO2 Sensing. Langmuir. 2014, 30(9), 2571–2579. DOI: 10.1021/la4049105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, F.; Su, H.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, J.; Ming Lau, W. M.; Zhang, D. Bioinspired Synthesis and Gas-Sensing Performance of Porous Hierarchical α-Fe2O3/C Nanocomposites. Scr. Mater. 2013, 68, 873–876. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, G.; Shi, G. Porous Polypyrrole/Polymethylmethacrylate Composite Film Prepared by Vapor Deposition Polymerization of Pyrrole and Its Application for Ammonia Detection. Thin Solid Films. 2007, 515(17), 6986–6991. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jawaher, K. R.; Indirajith, R.; Krishnan, S.; Robert, R.; Pasha, S. K. K.; Deshmukh, K.; Das, S. J. Hydrothermal Synthesis of CeO2-SnO2 Nanocomposites with Highly Enhanced Gas Sensing Performance Towads N-Butanol. J. Sci: Adv. Mater. Dev. 2018, 3, 139–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jawaher, K. R.; Indirajith, R.; Krishnan, S.; Robert, R.; Pasha, S. K. K.; Deshmukh, K.; Sastikumar, D.; Das, S. J. A High Sensitivity Isopropanol Vapor Based on Cr2O3-SnO2 Heterojuntion Nanocomposites via Chemical Precipitation Route. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2018, 18, 5454–5460. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangamani, G. J.; Deshmukh, K.; Chidambaram, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Faisal, M.; Nambiraj, N. A.; Pasha, S. K. K. Influence of CuO Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Sensing Behaviour of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites for the Detection of Ethanol and Propanol Vapors. J. Mater. Sci. 2018, 29, 5186–5205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, B. C.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, R.; Chaudhuri, S.; Pramanik, P. Electrical Behavior of Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposites in Presence of Water Vapor. J. Water. Environ. Nanotechnol. 2017, 2, 71–79.
   Google Scholar
• Aziz, F.; Sayyad, M. H.; Sulaiman, K.; Majlis, B. H.; Karimov, K. S.; Ahmad, Z.; Sugandi, G. Influence of Humidity Conditions on the Capacitive and Resistive Response of an Al/VOPc/Pt Co-Planar Humidity Sensor. Measurem. Sci. Technol. 2012, 23(1), 069501. DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/23/6/069501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z.; Lu, C. Humidity Sensors: A Review of Materials and Mechanisms. Sens. Lett. 2005, 3, 274–295. DOI: 10.1166/sl.2005.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarkin, D. G.;. Impedance of Humidity Sensitive Metal/Porous silicon/n-Si Structures. Sens. Actuators A. 2003, 107(1), 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00231-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliendo, C.; Contini, G.; Fratoddi, I.; Irrera, S.; Pertici, P.; Scavia, G.; Russo, M. V. Nanostructured Organometallic Polymer and Palladium/Polymer Hybrid: Surface Investigation and Sensitivity to Relative Humidity and Hydrogen in Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors. Nanotechnology. 2007, 18(12), 125504. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/49/495102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, K.; Fei, T.; Zhang, T. Humidity Sensing Properties of LiCl-loaded Porous Polymers with Good Stability and Rapid Response and Recovery. Sens. Actuators B. 2014, 199, 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.03.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Q.; Li, W.; Yang, M. Polyaniline Nanofiber Humidity Sensor Prepared by Electrospinning. Sens. Actuators B. 2012, 161(1), 967–972. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fei, T.; Jiang, K.; Liu, S.; Zhang, T. Humidity Sensors Based on Li-Loaded Nanoporous Polymer. Sens. Actuators B. 2014, 190, 523–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.09.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, X.; Chu, J.; Aldalbahi, A.; Panhuis, M.; Velazquez, R.; Feng, P. X. A Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on KC-MWCNTs Composites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 387, 149–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, P. G.; Shiu, C. C. Electrical and Sensing Properties of a Flexible Humidity Sensor Made of Polyamidoamine dendrimer-Au Nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators B. 2012, 165, 151–156. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonker, R. K.; Sabhajeet, S. R.; Yadav, B. C. TiO2-PANI Nanocomposite Thin Film Prepared by Spin Coating Technique Working as Room Temperature CO2 Gas Sensing. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 2016, 27, 11726–11732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Yadav, B. C.; Tandon, P.; Singh, M.; Shukla, A.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Pomogailo, S. I.; Nina, D. G.; Pomogailo, A. D. Polymer Assisted Synthesis of Metallopolymer Nanocomposites and Their Applications in Liquefied Petroleum Gas Sensing at Room Temperature. Sens. Actuators B. 2012, 166–167, 281–291. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Singh, A.; Yadav, B. C.; Tandon, P.; Kumar, S.; Yadav, R. R.; Pomogailo, S. I.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Pomogailo, A. D. Frontal Polymerization of Acrylamide Complex with Nanostructured ZnS and PbS: Their Characterizations and Sensing Applications. Sens. Actuators B. 2015, 207, 450–459. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahab, A.; Spina, L.; Poncharal, P.; Marliere, C. Water-Vapor Effect on the Electrical Conductivity of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Mat. Phys. Rev. B. 2000, 62, 10000. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnamma, D.; Guo, Q.; Krupa, I.; Al-Maadeed, M. A. S. A.; Varughese, K. T.; Thoma, S.; Sadasivuni, K. K. Graphene and Graphitic Derivative Filled Polymer Composites as Potential Sensors. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 3954–3981. DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04418e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Wu, T.; Yang, M. Humidity Sensors Based on the Composite of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte with Good Sensitivity and Capability of Detecting Low Humidity. Sens. Actuators B. 2014, 203, 63–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratoddi, I.; Bearzotti, A.; Venditti, I.; Cametti, C.; Russo, M. V. Role of Nanostructured Polymers on the Improvement of Electrical Response-Based Relative Humidity Sensors. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 225, 96–108. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farahani, H.; Wagiran, R.; Hamidon, M. N. Humidity Sensors Principle, Mechanism, and Fabrication Technologies: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors. 2014, 14(5), 7881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olenych, I. B.; Aksimentyeva, O.; Monastyrskii, L. S.; Horbenko, Y. Y.; Yarytska, L. I. Sensory Properties of Hybrid Composites Based on Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Porous Silicon-Carbon Nanotubes. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2015, 10, 187. DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0896-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z.; Lu, C. Humidity Sensors: A Review of Materials and Mechanisms. Sens. Lett. 2005, 3, 274–295. DOI: 10.1166/sl.2005.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontes, J.; Sensor Technology Handbook; Elsevier: NY USA, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Raza, E.; Asif, M.; Aziz, F.; Azmer, M. I.; Malik, H. A.; The, C.-H.; Najeeb, M. A.; Zafar, Q.; Ahmad, Z.; Wahab, F.; et al. Influence of Thermal Annealing on a Capacitive Humidity Sensor Based on Newly Synthesized Macroporous PBObzT2. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 235, 146–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang, Y.; Tian, H.; Tao, L.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Deng, N.; Yang, Y.; Ren, T. L. Flexible, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Pressure and Strain Sensors with Graphene Porous Network Structure. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2016, 8, 26458–26462. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H. P.; Jung, K. H.; Kim, J. H.; Kwon, K. H.; Lee, C. J.; Yun, K. N.; Min, N. K. Percolated Pore Networks of Oxygen Plasma-Activated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fast Response, High Sensitivity Capacitive Humidity Sensors. Nanotechnology. 2013, 24(8), 085501. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/8/085501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeow, J. T. W.; She, J. P. M. Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Capillary Condensation for a Capacitive Humidity Sensor. Nanotechnology. 2006, 17, 5441–5448. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, U.; Wise, K. D. A High-Speed Capacitive Humidity Sensor with On-Chip Thermal Reset. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices. 2000, 47(4), 702–710. DOI: 10.1109/16.830983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grange, H.; Bieth, C.; Delapiere, G. A Capacitive Humidity Sensor with Every Fast Response Time and Very Low Hysteresis. Sens. Actuators B. 1987, 12, 291–296. DOI: 10.1016/0250-6874(87)80043-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, S.; Diamon, D.; Lau, K. T. Inherently Conducting Polymer Modified Polyurethane Smart Foam for Pressure Sensing. Sens. Actuators A. 2005, 119, 398–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2004.10.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, S.; Lau, K. T.; Megill, W.; Wallace, G. G.; Diamond, D. The Development and Characterization of Conducting Polymeric-Based Sensing Devices. Synth. Met. 2005, 154, 25–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knite, M.; Linarts, A. Polymer/Nanographite Composites for Mechanical Impact Sensing. Chapter in the Book Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics; Sadasivuni K., Ponnamma D., Kim J., Thomas S. (Eds), Springer Nature, Switzerland, pp 223-252. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, P. C.; Lin, W. K.; Hung, S. Y.; Lu, H. J. Pressure-Dependent Variable Resistors Based on Porous Polymeric Foams with Conducting Polymer Thin Films in Situ Coated on the Interior Surfaces. IEEE 6th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT): Taipei, Taiwan.  2011; pp 63–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.029.
   Google Scholar
• Muthukumar, N.; Thilagavathi, G. Design and Development of Conductive Polyurethane Foam Sensors for Breathing Frequency Measurement. Int. J. Textile Fashion Technol. 2011, 1(1), 21–31.
   Google Scholar
• Muthukumar, N.; Thilagavathi, G.; Kannaian, T. Polyaniline-Coated Polyurethane Foam for Pressure Sensor applications.High. Perform Polym. 2016, 28, 368–375. DOI: 10.1177/0954008315583703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, L.; Chortos, A.; Guihua, Y.; Wang, Y.; Isaacson, S.; Allen, R.; Shi, Y.; Dauskardt, R.; Bao, Z. An Ultra-Sensitive Resistive Pressure Sensor Based on Hollow-Sphere Microstructure Induced Elasticity in Conducting Polymer Film. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, V.; Brand, L.; Mendes, A. Development of Porous Polymer Pressure Sensors Incorporating Graphene Platelets. Polym. Test. 2014, 37, 129–137. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.05.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, D.; Yang, J.; Chen, G. The Physical Properties of Polyurethane/Graphite Nanosheets/Carbon Black Foaming Conducting Nanocomposites. Compos. Part A. 2010, 41(11), 1636–1638. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura, K.; Nakano, K.; Hishikawa, Y. Flexible Tactile Sensor Materials Based on Carbon Microcoil/Silicone-Rubber Porous Composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2016, 123, 241–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.12.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, L.; Xuan, S.; Feng, J.; Gong, X. Magnetic/Conductive Composite Fibre: A Multifunctional Strain Sensor with Magnetically Driven Property. Compos. Part A. 2017, 100, 97–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.04.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L.; Zhang, Q.; Zhao, D.; Jian, A.; Ji, J.; Duan, Q.; Zhang, W.; Sang, S. Preparation and Property Research of Strain Sensor Based on PDMS and Silver Nanomaterials. J. Sensors. 2017, 2017, Article ID 7843052. DOI: 10.1155/2017/7843052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, D.; Lee, T. I.; Shim, J.; Ryu, S.; Kim, M. S.; Kim, S.; Kim, T. S.; Park, I. Highly Sensitive, Flexible, and Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on a Giant Piezocapacitive Effect of Three-Dimensional Microporous Elastomeric Dielectric Layer. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2016, 8(26), 16922–16931. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S.; Zhang, J.; Ladani, R. B.; Ravindran, A. R.; Mouritz, A. P.; Kinloch, A. J.; Wang, C. H. Novel Electrically Conductive Porous PDMS/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Deformable Strain Sensors and conductors.ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2017, 9(16), 14207–14215. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Y.; Peng, Q.; Ding, Y.; Lin, Z.; Wang, C.; Li, Y.; Xu, F.; Li, J.; Yuan, Y.; He, X.; Y. Li. Lightweight, Superelastic and Mechanically Flexible Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposite Foam for Strain Sensor Application. ACS Nano. 2015, 9(9), 8933–8941. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P. C.; Chao, C. I.; Lin, W. K.; Hung, S. Y. All-Polymer Variable Resistors as Pressure-Responsive Devices Photochemically Assembled Using Porous Composites and Flexible Electrodes Based on Conducting Polymers. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 2012, 35, 595–599. DOI: 10.1080/02533839.2012.679113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandeparre, H.; Watson, D.; Lacour, S. P. Extremely Robust and Conformable Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Flexible Polyurethane Foams and Stretchable Metallization. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 103, 204103. DOI: 10.1063/1.4832416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sujatha, L.; Bhattacharya, E. Composite Si/PS Membrane Pressure Sensors with Micro and Macro-Porous Silicon. Sadhana. 2009, 34(4), 643–650. DOI: 10.1007/s12046-009-0028-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Samad, Y. A.; Liao, K. From Cotton to Wearable Pressure Sensor. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2015, 3(5), 2181–2187. DOI: 10.1039/C4TA05810K.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, W.; Liu, Q.; Wu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Qing, X.; Li, M.; Liu, K.; Wang, W.; Wang, D. A Nanofiber Based Artificial Electronic Skin with High Pressure Sensitivity and 3D Conformability. Nanoscale. 2016, 8, 12105–12112. DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02678h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hana, G.; Shi, G. Porous Polypyrrole/Polymethylmethacrylate Composite Film Prepared Vapor Deposition Polymerization of Pyrrole and Its Applications for Ammonia Detection. Thin Solid Films. 2007, 515, 6986–6991. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonker, R. K.; Yadav, B. C.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I. Preparation and Properties of Nanostructured PANI Thin Film and Its Application as Low Temperature NO2 Sensor. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 2016, 26, 1428–1433. DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0439-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowley, K.; Morrin, A.; Hernandez, A.; O’Malley, E.; Whitten, P. G.; Wallace, G.; Smyth, M. R.; Killard, A. J. Fabrication of an Ammonia Gas Sensor Using Inkjet-Printed Polyaniline Nanoparticles. Talanta. 2008, 77(2), 710–717. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, R.; Kim, J.; Song, M. J.; Wooyoung, L.; Noh, J. S. Nano-Composite Sensors Composed of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline for the Detection of a Nerve Agent Simulant Gas. Sens. Actuators B. 2015, 209, 444–448. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.11.137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhihua, L.; Xucheng, Z.; Jiyong, S.; Xiaobo, Z.; Xiaowei, H.; Tahir, H. E. O.; Holmes, M. Fast Response Ammonia Sensor Based on Porous Thin Film of Polyaniline/Sulfonated Nickel Phthalocyanine Composites. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 226, 553–562. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.10.062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, Z. F.; Chen, Q. B.; Lu, Y. X.; Liu, H. L.; Hu, Y. Density Functional Theory Study on the Interaction between Metalloporphyrins and NH3. Int. J. Quantum. Chem. 2013, 113, 1137–1146. DOI: 10.1002/qua.v113.8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale, C. D.; Paolesse, R.; D’Amico, A.; Lundström, I.; Lloyd-Spetz, A. Multi-Transduction of Molecular Recognition Events in Metalloporphyrin Layers. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines. 2009, 13, 1123–1128. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424609001443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Šakale, G.; Knite, M.; Novada, M.; Liepa, E.; Stepiņa, S.; Tupureina, V. Atmosphere Control by Chemoresistive Polymer Composites Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, Vol.1, Netherlands, Noordwijkerhout, 28–31 July, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y.; Yang, X.; Yang, W.; Li, S.; Xu, J.; Jiang, Y. Porous Conducting Polymer and Reduced Grapheme Oxide Nanocomposite for Room Temperature Gas Detection. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 42546–42553. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA06560C.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. J.; Li, S. B.; Yang, W. Y.; Yuan, W. T.; Xu, J. H.; Jiang, Y. D. In Situ Polymerization Deposition of Porous Conducting Polymer on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Gas Sensor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2014, 6, 13807–13814. DOI: 10.1021/am5032456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joulazadeh, M.; Navarchian, A. H. Ammonia Detection of One-Dimensional Nano-Structured Polypyrrole/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites Sensors. Synth. Met. 2015, 210, 404–411. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.10.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisser, M. F.; Grothe, J.; Kaskel, S. Nanoporous Polymers as Highly Sensitive Functional Material in Chemiresistive Gas Sensors. Sens. Actuators B. 2016, 223, 166–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.09.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakale, G.; Knite, M.; Teteris, V. Polyisoprene-Nanostructured Carbon Composite (PNCC) Organic Solvent Vapour Sensitivity and Repeatability. Sens. Actuators A. 2011, 171, 19–25.
   Google Scholar
• Mohiuddin, M.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Mun, S.; Kim, J. Flexible Cellulose Acetate/Graphene Blueprints for Vibrotactile Actuator. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(43), 34432–34438. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA03043A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadasivuni, K. K.; Kafy, A.; Zhai, L.; Ko, H. U.; Mun, S. C.; Kim, J. Multi-Functional and Smart Graphene Filled Polymers as Piezoelectrics and Actuators. In Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites in Electronics, 2015; pp 67–90.
   Google Scholar
• Ponnamma, D.; Erturk, A.; Parangusan, H.; Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A. Strechtable Quaternary Phasic PVDF-HFP Nanocomposite Film Containing graphene-titania-SrTiO3 for Mechanical Energy Harvesting. Emerg. Mater. 2018, 1, 55–65. DOI: 10.1007/s42247-018-0007-z.
   Google Scholar
• Hamedi, M. M.; Campbell, V. E.; Rothemund, P.; Güder, F.; Christodouleas, D. C.; Bloch, J. F.; Whitesides, G. M. Electrically Activated Paper Actuators. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016; 26, 2446–2453. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201505123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, E.; Desai, M. S.; Lee, S. W. Light-Controlled Graphene-Elastin Composite Hydrogel Actuators. Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2826–2830. DOI: 10.1021/nl401088b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, S. Y.; Ko, S. Y.; Park, J. O.; Park, S. Enhanced Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuator with Pore Size–Controlled Porous Nafion Membrane Using Silica Sol–Gel Process. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 2016, 1–10. DOI: 10.1177/1045389X16667550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T.; Huang, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, E.; Sun, W.; Tong, Z. Bioinspired Smart Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide-Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2015, 7, 23423–23430. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, D. J.; Fu, S. J.; Dai, W. T. Z. D. A Highly Porous Nafion Membrane Template from Polyoxometalates-Based Supramolecule Composite for Ion-Exchange Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 10159–10168. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01161d.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Q.; Dunlop, J. W.; Qiu, X.; Huang, F.; Zhang, Z.; Heyda, J.; Dzubiella, J.; Antonietti, M.; Yuan, J. An Instant Multi-Responsive Porous Polymer Actuator Driven by Solvent Molecule Sorption. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 1–8. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soolo, E.; Brandell, D.; Liivat, A.; Kasemägi, H.; Tamm, T.; Aabloo, A. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of EMI-BF₄ in Nanoporous Carbon Actuators. J. Mol. Model. 2012, 18, 1541–1552. DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1182-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K.; Ko, S. Y.; Park, J. O.; Park, S. Development of a Cantilever-Type Ferro-Actuator Using a Porous PVDF Membrane. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 2016, 230, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmre, V.; Lust, E.; Janes, A.; Koel, M.; Peikolainen, A. L.; Torop, J.; Johansona, U.; Aabloo, A. Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Carbon Aerogel Electrodes. J. Dynamic Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 2577–2583. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01729a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffari, M.; Zhou, Y.; Lin, M.; Koo, C. M.; Zhang, Q. M. High Electromechanical Reponses of Ultra-High-Density Aligned Nano-Porous Microwave Exfoliated Graphite Oxide/Polymer Nano-Composites Ionic Actuators. Int. J. Smart Nano Mater. 2014, 5, 114–122. DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2014.917739.
   Google Scholar
• Torop, J.; Arulepp, M.; Leis, J.; Punning, A.; Johanson, U.; Palmre, V.; Aabloo, A. Nanoporous Carbide-Derived Carbon Material-Based Linear Actuators. Materials. 2010, 3, 9–25. DOI: 10.3390/ma3010009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biener, J.; Wittstock, A.; Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A.; Biener, M. M.; Zielasek, V.; Kramer, D.; Viswanath, R. N.; Weissmüller, J.; Bäumer, M.; Hamza, A. V. Surface-Chemistry-Driven Actuation in Nanoporous Gold. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8(1), 47–51. DOI: 10.1038/nmat2335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Pasha, S. K. K.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Polu, A. R.; Chidambaram, K. Eeonomer 200F®: A High-Performance Nanofiller for Polymer Reinforcement-Investigation of the Structure, Morphology and Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Eeonomer-200F® Nanocomposites for Embedded Capacitor Applications. J. Electron Mater. 2017, 46, 2406–2418. DOI: 10.1007/s11664-017-5304-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanapriya, K.; Deshmukh, K.; Chidambaram, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Pasha, S. K. K. Polyvinyl Alcohol (Pva)/Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid (Pssa)/Carbon Black Nanocomposite for Flexible Energy Storage Device Applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2017, 28, 6099–6111. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-6287-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Kumar, B.; Strankowskie, M.; Cardinaels, R.; Moldenaers, P.; Thomas, S.; Grohens, Y. Dielectric Properties of Modified Graphene Oxide Filled Polyurethane Nanocomposites and Its Correlation with Rheology. Comp. Sci. Technol. 2014, 104, 18–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.08.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Pasha, S. K. K.; Chidambaram, K.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; AlMaadeed, M. A. Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Nanocomposites Filled with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for High-K Capacitor Applications. Polym-Plast Technol. 2016, 55(12), 1240–1253. DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2015.1132451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Pasha, S. K. K.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Chidambaram, K. Graphene Oxide Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Glycol Blend Composites as High-Performance Dielectric Material. J. Polym. Res. 2016, 23, 159. DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1056-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzaffar, A.; Ahamed, M. B.; Deshmukh, K.; Faisal, M.; Pasha, S. K. K. Enhanced Electromagnetic Absorption in NiO and BaTiO3 Based Polyvinylidenefluoride Nanocomposites. Mater. Lett. 2018, 218, 217–220. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.02.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. Y.; Yoon, S. J.; Shrestha, N. K.; Lee, S.-H.; Ahn, H.; Han, S. H. Unusual Energy Storage and Charge Retention in Co-Based Metal–Organic-Frameworks. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 2012, 153, 163–165. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.12.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Trimukhe, A. M.; Pasha, S. K. K.; Polu, A. R.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Chidambaram, K. Solution-Processed White Graphene-Reinforced Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites with Improved Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties for Electronic Encapsulation. J. Polym. Res. 2017, 24, 27. DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1189-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; AlMaadeed, M. A. A.; Pasha, S. K. K.; Deshmukh, R. R.; Chidambaram, K. Graphene Oxide Reinforced Poly (4-Styrenesulfonic Acid)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Composites with Enhanced Dielectric Properties for Portable and Flexible Electronics. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2017, 186, 188–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.10.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangamani, G. J.; Deshmukh, K.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Ponnamma, D.; Gautham, S.; Rao, K. V.; Chidambaram, K.; Ahamed, M. B.; Grace, A. N.; Faisal, M.; et al. White Graphene Reinforced Polypyrrole and Polyvinylalcohol Blend Nanocomposites as Chemiresistive Sensors for Room Temperature Detection of Liquid Petrolium Gases. Microchim. Acta. 2017, 187, 3977–3987. DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2402-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y.; Shi, Z.; Huang, Y.; Ma, Y.; Wang, C.; Chen, M.; Chen, Y. Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2009, 113(30), 13103–13107. DOI: 10.1021/jp902214f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pushparaj, V. L.; Shaijumon, M. M.; Kumar, A.; Murugesan, S.; Ci, L.; Vajtai, R.; Linhardt, R. J.; Nalamasu, O.; Ajayan, P. M. Flexible Energy Storage Devices Based on Nanocomposite Paper. PNAS. 2007, 104, 13574–13577. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706508104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. H.; Lee, Y. W.; Lee, S. W.; Ha, J. S.; Lee, S. S.; Son, J. G. Ice-Templated Self-Assembly of VOPO4–Graphene Nanocomposites for Vertically Porous 3d Supercapacitor Electrodes. Son Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Jiang, L.; Cheng, Q.; He, Y.; Pavlinek, V.; Saha, P.; Li, C. MnO2 Nanoflakes/Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanocomposites for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes. Electrochimica Acta. 2015, 164, 252–259. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, D. Z. W.; Cheng, H.; Nguyen, S. T.; Duong, H. M. Controlled Synthesis of MnO2/CNT Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications. Mater. Tech.. 2014, 29, 107–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, P.; Zhao, Z.; Tian, J.; Li, H.; Sang, Y.; Yu, G.; Cai, H.; Liu, H.; Wong, C. P.; Umar, A. Hierarchical Porous Carbon Aerogel Derived from Bagasse for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode. J. Nanoscale. 2014, 6, 12120–12129. DOI: 10.1039/C4NR03574G.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuzmenko, V.; Saleem, A. M.; Bhaskar, A.; Staaf, H.; Desmaris, V.; Enoksson, P. Hierarchical Cellulose-Derived Carbon Nanocomposites for Electrostatic Energy Storage. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2015, 660, 012062. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012062.
   Google Scholar
• Madhu, R.; Veeramani, V.; Chen, S. M.; Veerakumar, P.; Liu, S. B.; Miyamotoa, N. Functional Porous carbon-ZnO Nanocomposites for High-Performance Biosensors and Energy Storage Applications. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18(24), 16466–16475. DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01285j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkert, K.; Giebeler, L.; Herklotz, M.; Oswald, S.; Thomas, J.; Meier, A.; Borchardt, L.; Kaskel, S.; Ehrenberg, H.; Eckert, J. Functionalised Porous Nanocomposites: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Investigate Designed Structures for Supercapacitor Applications. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2013, 1, 4904–4910. DOI: 10.1039/c3ta00118k.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L. F.; Ma, S. X.; Lu, S.; Feng, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xin, S.; Yu, S. H. Biotemplated Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Porous MnO/C-N Nanocomposites from Renewable Rapeseed Pollen: An Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Nano Res. 2017, 10(1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1283-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C.; Song, H.; Zhang, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Nan, X.; Cao, G. Coherent Mn3O4-carbon Nanocomposites with Enhanced Energy-Storage Capacitance. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 3372–3383. DOI: 10.1007/s12274-015-0837-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Y. J.; Meng, X. S.; Li, H. Y.; Kuang, S. Y.; Zhang, L.; Wu, Y.; Wang, Z. L.; Zhu, G. Stretchable Porous Carbon Nanotube-Elastomer Hybrid Nanocomposite for Harvesting Mechanical Energy. Adv. Mater. 2016, 29(2), 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrosati, B.; Garche, J. Lithium Batteries: Status, Prospects and Future. J. Power Sources. 2010, 195(9), 2419–2430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armand, M.; Tarascon, J. M. Building Better Batteries. Nature. 2008, 451, 652–657. DOI: 10.1038/451652a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter, M.; Brodd, R. J. What are Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors? Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4245–4269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C.; Li, F.; Ma, L.; Cheng, H. Advanced Materials for Energy Storage. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 28–62. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J.; Zhou, H.; Nanda, J.; Braun, P. V. Three-Dimensionally Mesostructured Fe2O3 Electrodes with Good Rate Performance and Reduced Voltage Hysteresis. Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 2803–2811. DOI: 10.1021/cm504365s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y.; Fan, X.; Casillas, G.; Peng, Z.; Ruan, G.; Wang, G.; Yacaman, M. J.; Tour, J. M. Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Fe2O3/Fe3C-Graphene Heterogeneous Thin Films for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Nano. 2014, 8, 3939–3946. DOI: 10.1021/nn500865d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, K.; Li, L.; Yang, Y. Inorganic Porous Films for Renewable Energy Storage. ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 373–390. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X.; Pomerantseva, E.; Banerjee, P.; Gregorczyk, K.; Ghodssi, R.; Rubloff, G. Ozone-Based Atomic Layered Deposition of Crystalline V2O5 Films for High Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 1255. DOI: 10.1021/cm202901z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning, G.; Cao, Y.; Qi, C.; Ma, X.; Zhu, X. Elasticity-Related Periodical Li Storage Behavior Delivered by Porous Graphene. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2017, 5, 9299–9306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guterl, C. V.; Frackowiak, E.; Jurewicz, K.; Friebe, M.; Parmentier, J.; Beguin, F. Electrochemical Energy Storage in Ordered Porous Carbon Materials. Carbon. 2005, 43, 1293–1302. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Q.; Xing, F.; Tan, S.; Huang, L.; Lan, E. H.; Dunn, B.; Mai, L. Energy Storage: Porous One‐Dimensional Nanomaterials: Design, Fabrication and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1602300. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S. K.; Sinha, T. K.; Mahanty, B.; Mandal, D. Self‐Poled Efficient Flexible “Ferroelectretic” Nanogenerator: A New Class of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester. Energy Technol. 2015, 3, 1190–1197. DOI: 10.1002/ente.201500167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boughey, F. L.; Davies, T.; Datta, A.; Whiter, R. A.; Sahonta, S. L.; Narayan, S. K. Vertically Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanowires Electrodeposited within Porous Polycarbonate Templates for Vibrational Energy Harvesting. Nanotechnology. 2016, 27, 28LT02. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.; Choi, S. J.; Zhao, K.; Yang, H.; Gobbi, G.; Zhang, S.; Li, J. Electrochemically Driven Mechanical Energy Harvesting. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10146. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha, S. N.; Kim, S. M.; Kim, H. J.; Ku, J. Y.; Sohn, J. I.; Park, Y. J.; Song, B. G.; Jung, M. H.; Lee, E. K.; Choi, B. L.; Park, J. J.; Wang, Z. L.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. Porous PVDF as Effective Sonic Wave Driven Nanogenerators. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 5142–5147. DOI: 10.1021/nl202208n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karan, S. K.; Mandal, D.; Khatua, B. B. Self-Powdered Flexible Fe-Doped RGO/PVDF Nanocomposite: An Excellent Material for a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester. Nanoscale. 2015, 7, 10655–10666. DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02067k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. A.; Alfadhel, A.; Kosel, J. Magnetic Tactile Sensor for Braille Reading. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2016, 16, 8700–8705.
   Google Scholar
• Ramadoss, A. K.; Saravanakumar, B.; Lee, S. W.; Kim, Y. S.; Kim, S. J.; Wang, Z. L. Piezoelectric-Driven Self-Charging Supercapacitor Power Cell. ACS Nano. 2015, 9, 4337–4345. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bykkam, S.; Rao, K. V.; Kalagadda, B.; Selvam, K. P.; Hayashi, Y. Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nano Particles Decked with Few Layered Graphene Nanocomposite as Photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2017, 28, 6217–6225. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-6301-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bykkam, S.; Rao, K. V.; Kumar, R. N.; Chakra, C. S.; Dayakar, T. Few-Layered Graphene Decked with TiO2 Nano Particles by Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis and Its Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2016, 27, 12574–12581. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-016-5388-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnamma, D.; Sadasivuni, K. K.; Cabibihan, J. J.; Al-Maadeed, M. A. A. Smart Polymer Nanocomposites: Energy Harvesting, Self-Healing, Shape Memory Applications; Springer International Publisher: Switzerland, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, Z.; Yuan, Y.; Wang, Q.; Shao, Y.; Bai, Y.; Deng, Y.; Dong, Q.; Hu, M.; Bi, C.; Huang, J. Thin-Film Semiconductor Perspective of Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 2016, 101, 1–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2015.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badawy, W. A.; Elmeniawy, S. A.; Hafez, A. N.-E. Improvement of the Power of Industrially Fabricated Solar Cells by Etching of the Si Surface and the Use of Surface Analytical Techniques. Egypt J. Anal. Chem. 2013, 22, 97–113.
   Google Scholar
• Badawy, W. A.;. Preparation and Characterization of TiO2/Sb Thin Films for Solar Energy Applications. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 1993, 28, 293–303. DOI: 10.1016/0927-0248(93)90117-L.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badawy, W. A.; Momtaz, R. S.; ElGiar, E. M. Solid State Characteristics of Indium‐Incorporated TiO2 Thin Films. Phys. Status Solid A. 1990, 118, 197–202. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211180123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badawy, W. A.; Momtaz, R. S.; Afify, H. H.; El-Giar, E. M. Antimony-Incorporated TiO2 Thin Films: Preparation and Optical and Electrical Characteristics. J. Mater. Sci.. 1991, 2, 112–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermann, A. M.;. Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar cells-A Review. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 1998, 55, 75–81. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-0248(98)00048-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poudel, P.; Qiao, Q. One Dimensional Nanostructure/Nanoparticle Composites as Photoanodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanoscale. 2012, 4, 2826–2838. DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30347g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poudel, P.; Thapa, A.; Elbohy, H.; Qiao, Q. Improved Performance of Dye Solar Cells Using Nanocarbon as Support for Platinum Nanoparticles in Counter Electrode. Nano Energy. 2014, 5, 116–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badawy WA. Quantum dots and nano-porous materials for solar energy conversion. In: Mendez A, editor. Fuelling the future: advances in science and technologies for energy generation, transmission and storage. Bacon, Raton, Florida-USA: Brown Walker Press; pp. 235–242. 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Haschke, J.; Jogschies, L.; Amkreutz, D.; Korte, L.; Rech, B. Polycrystalline Silicon Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cells on Glasss Exhibiting 582 mV Open Circuit Voltage. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2013, 115, 7–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, S. W.; Lee, E. J.; Seong, K. W.; Moon, D. K. Enhanced Stability in Polymer Solar Cells by Controlling the Electrode Work Function via Modification of Indium Tin Oxide. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2013, 115, 123–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R.;. Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Cells. Materials. 2014, 7, 2747–2771. DOI: 10.3390/ma7042747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramizy, A.; Aziz, W. J.; Hassan, Z.; Omar, K.; Ibrahim, K. Improved Performance of Solar Cell Based on Porous Silicon Surfaces. Optik. 2011, 122, 2075–2077. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.11.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto, Y.; Suzuki, Y. Perovskite-Type SrTiO3, CaTiO3 and BaTiO3 Porous Film Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J. Ceram. Soc. Japan. 2014, 122, 728–731. DOI: 10.2109/jcersj2.122.728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, L. T.; Wu, F. L.; Peng, L.; Zhang, L. J.; Li, P. J.; Dou, S. Y.; Li, T. X. Photoanode of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a ZnO/TiO2 Composite Film. Int. J. Photoenergy. 2012, 2012, Article ID 613969, (4 pages). DOI: 10.1155/2012/613969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao, J.; Yang, S.; Lei, L.; Cao, Q.; Yu, Y.; Liu, Y. Pore Size Dependent Hysteresis Elimination in Pervoskite Solar Cells Based on Highly Porous TiO2 Films with Widely Tunable Pores 15-34 Nm. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 7134–7144. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennakone, K.; Senadeera, G. K. R.; Perera, V. P. S.; Kottegoda, I. R. M.; De Silva, L. A. A. Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Porous SnO2/ZnO Composite and TiO2 Films with a Polymer Electrolyte. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2474–2477. DOI: 10.1021/cm990165a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puyoo, E.; Rey, G.; Appert, E.; Consonni, V.; Bellet, D. Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Made from ZnO Nanostructure Composites. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116, 18117–18123. DOI: 10.1021/jp306174f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowman, G. M.; Hammond, P. T. Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Combining a Porous TiO2 Film and a Layer‐by‐Layer Composite Electrolyte. Small. 2005, 11, 1070. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y.; Yun, S.; Zhou, X.; Hou, Y.; Zhang, T.; Li, J.; Hagfeldt, A. Intrinsic Origin of Superior Catalytic Properties of Tungsten-Based Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochimica Acta. 2017, 242, 390–399. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaweera, E. N.; Kumara, G. R. A.; Pitawala, H. M. G. T. A.; Rajapakse, R. M. G.; Gunawardhana, N.; Bandara, H. M. N.; Senarathne, A.; Ranasinghe, C. S. K.; Huang, H. H.; Yoshimura, M. Vein Graphite-Based Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. 2017, 344, 78–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, G.; Yan, C.; Hou, S.; Zhang, W. Low-Cost Counter Electrodes Based on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanorods for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2017, 63, 190–195. DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2017.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamanickam, N.; Soundarrajan, P.; Jayakumar, K.; Ramachandran, K. Improve the Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite BaSnO3 Nanostructures Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Fe Doping. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 2017, 166, 69–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.03.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemeiner, P.; Peřinka, N.; Švorc, Ľ.; Hatala, M.; Gál, L.; Belovičová, M.; Syrový, T.; Mikula, M. Pt–Free Counter Electrodes Based on Modified Screen–Printed PEDOT:PSS Catalytic Layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2017, 66, 162–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2017.04.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, I. C.; Wei, Y. H.; Tsai, M. C.; Tseng, F. G.; Wei, S. Y.; Wu, H. C.; Hsieh, C. K. High Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Platinum Nanoroses Counter Electrode. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2017, 320, 409–413. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medvedko, A. V.; Ivanov, V. K.; Kiskin, M. A.; Sadovnikov, A. A.; Apostolova, E. S.; Grinberg, V. A.; Emets, V. V.; Chizhov, A. O.; Nikitin, O. M.; Magdesieva, T. V.; Kozyukhin, S. A. The Design and Synthesis of Thiophene-Based Ruthenium (II) Complexes as Promising Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Dyes Pigm. 2017, 140, 169–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.01.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T.; Yun, S.; Li, X.; Huang, X.; Hou, Y. I.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.; Zhou, X.; Fang, W. Fabrication of Niobium-Based Oxides/Oxynitrides/Nitrides and Their Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Anaerobic Digestion. J. Power Sources. 2017, 340, 325–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar