A Reassessment of Negative Priming Within the Inhibition Framework of Cognitive Aging: There Is More in It Than Previously Believed

REFERENCES

• Bowles , R. P. & Salthouse , T. A. ( 2003 ). Assessing the age-related effects of proactive interference on working memory tasks using the Rasch model . Psychology and Aging , 18 , 608 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , D. M. (1997). Language, aging, and inhibitory deficits: Evaluation of a theory. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 52B, 254–264.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , M. C. , Hasher , L. , Connelly , S. L. , & Zacks , R. T. ( 1995 ). Aging, distraction, and the benefits of predictable location . Psychology and Aging , 10 , 427 – 436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly , S. L. , Hasher , L. , & Zacks , R. T. ( 1991 ). Age and reading: The impact of distraction . Psychology and Aging , 6 , 533 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earles , J. L. , Connor , L. T. , Frieske , D. , Park , D. C. , Smith , A. D. , & Zwahr , M. D. ( 1997 ). Age differences in inhibition: Possible causes and consequences . Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , 4 , 45 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faust , M. E. , Balota , D. A. , Spieler , D. H. , & Ferraro , F. R. ( 1999 ). Individual differences in information-processing rate and amount: Implications for group differences in response latency . Psychological Bulletin , 125 , 777 – 799 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , N. P. & Miyake , A. ( 2004 ). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latent-variable analysis . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 133 , 101 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamboz , N. , Russo , R. , & Fox , E. ( 2002 ). Age differences and the identity negative priming effect: An updated meta-analysis . Psychology and Aging , 17 , 525 – 530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , J. D. & Dagenbach , D. ( 2000 ). Further considerations regarding inhibitory processes, working memory, and cognitive aging . American Journal of Psychology , 113 , 69 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher , L. , Stoltzfus , E. R. , Zacks , R. T. , & Rypma , B. ( 1991 ). Age and inhibition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 17 , 163 – 169 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher , L. & Zacks , R. T. ( 1988 ). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view . In G. H. Bower (Ed.), Psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 22 , pp. 193 – 225 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hasher , L. , Zacks , R. T. , & May , C. P. ( 1999 ). Inhibitory control, circadian arousal, and age . In D. Gopher & A. Koriat (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 653 – 675 ). Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Houghton , G. & Tipper , S. P. ( 1994 ). A dynamic model of selective attention . In D. Dagenbach & T. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 53 – 112 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Houghton , G. , Tipper , S. P. , Weaver , B. , & Shore , D. I. ( 1996 ). Inhibition and interference in selective attention: Some tests of a neural network model . Visual Cognition , 3 , 119 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane , M. J. , May , C. P. , Hasher , L. , Rahhal , T. , & Stolzfus , E. R. ( 1997 ). Dual mechanisms of negative priming . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance , 23 , 632 – 650 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , A. F. & Strayer , D. L. ( 2001 ). Influence of stimulus repetition on negative priming . Psychology and Aging , 16 , 580 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig , C. , May , C. P. , & Hasher , L. ( 2001 ). Working memory span and the role of proactive interference . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 130 , 199 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLeod , C. M. , Dodd , M. D. , Sheard , E. D. , Wilson , D. E. , & Bibi , U. ( 2003 ). In opposition to inhibition . In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 43 , pp. 163 – 214 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Madden , D. J. (1992). Selective attention and visual search: Revision of an allocation model and application to age differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 18, 821–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marczinski , C. A. , Milliken , B. , & Nelson , S. ( 2003 ). Aging and repetition effects: Separate specific and nonspecific influences . Psychology and Aging , 18 , 780 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowd , J. M. ( 1997 ). Inhibition in attention and aging . Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 52B , P265 – P273 .
   Google Scholar
• McDowd , J. M. & Oseas-Kreger , D. M. ( 1991 ). Aging, inhibitory processes, and negative priming . Journals of Gerontology , 46 , P340 – P345 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neill , W. T. ( 1997 ). Episodic retrieval in negative priming and repetition priming . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 23 , 1291 – 1305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neill , W. T. ( 1978 ). Decision processes in selective attention: Response priming in the stroop color-word task . Perception and Psychophysics , 23 , 80 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rothermund , K. , Wentura , D. , & Houwer , J. D. ( 2005 ). Retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations as a source of negative priming . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 31 , 482 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , K. H. & Metzler , P. ( 1992 ). Wortschatztest (wst) . Weinheim : Beltz .
   Google Scholar
• Stoltzfus , E. R. , Hasher , L. , Zacks , R. T. , Ulivi , M. S. , & Goldstein , D. ( 1993 ). Investigations of inhibition and interference in younger and older adults . Journals of Gerontology , 48 , P179 – P188 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stroop , J. R. ( 1935 ). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 18 , 643 – 661 .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , M. P. & Faust , M. E. ( 1993 ). Evidence for identity inhibition during selective attention in old adults . Psychology and Aging , 8 , 589 – 598 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipper , S. P. ( 1985 ). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming by ignored objects . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology , 37 , 571 – 590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipper , S. P. ( 1991 ). Less attentional selectivity as a result of declining inhibition in older adults . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 29 , 45 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Tipper , S. P. ( 2001 ). Does negative priming reflect inhibitory mechanisms? A review and integration of conflicting views . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology , 54 , 321 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tipper , S. P. , Weaver , B. , & Milliken , B. ( 1995 ). Spatial negative priming without mismatching: Comment on park and kanwisher (1994) . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 21 , 1220 – 1229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaeghen , P. , Cerella , J. , Bopp , K. L. , & Basak , C. ( 2005 ). Aging and varieties of cognitive control: A review of meta-analyses on resistance to interference, coordination and task switching, and an experimental exploration of age-sensitivity in the newly identified process of focus switching . In R. W. Engle , G. Sedek , U. von Hecker & D. N. Mcintosh (Eds.), Cognitive limitations in aging and psychopathology: Attention, working memory, and executive functions (pp. 160 – 189 ). New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zacks , R. T. & Hasher , L. ( 1994 ). Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulation of working memory . In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 241 – 264 ). San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar