Age - Related Deficits in Cognitive Functioning Are Not Mediated by Time of Day

References

• Anderson , M. J. , Petros , T. V. , Beckwith , B. E. , Mitchell , W. W. and Fritz , S. 1991 . Individual differences in the effect of time of day on long-term memory access . American Journal of Psychology , 104 : 241 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. D. , Hatter , J. E. , Scott , D. and Snashall , A. 1970 . Memory and time of day . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 22 : 605 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodenhausen , G. V. 1990 . Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination . Psychological Science , 1 : 319 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. 1982 . Adult cognition: An experimental psychology of human aging , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Zacks , R. T. and Hasher , L. 1994 . “ Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulations of working memory ” . In Inhibitory mechanisms in attention, memory, and language , Edited by: Dagenbach , D. and Carr , T. 241 – 264 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein , R. A. 1985 . Normative data on selected neuropsychological measures from a nonclinical sample . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 41 ( 5 ) : 651 – 659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botwinick , J. 1977 . “ Intellectual abilities ” . In Handbook of the psychology and aging , Edited by: Birren , J. E. and Schaie , K. W. 581 – 605 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co .
   Google Scholar
• Buela-Casal , G. B. , Caballo , V. E. and Cueto , E. G. 1990 . Differences between morning and evening types in performance . Personality and Individual Differences , 11 : 447 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• desRosiers , G. and Kavanagh , D. 1987 . Cognitive assessment in closed head injury: Stability, validity, and parallel forms for two neuropsychological measures of recovery . The International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 9 ( 4 ) : 162 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkard , S. , Monk , T. H. , Bradbury , R. and Rosenthall , J. 1977 . Time of day effects in school children's immediate and delayed recall of meaningful material . British Journal of Psychology , 68 : 45 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goul , W. R. and Brown , M. 1970 . Effects of age and intelligence on trail making test performance and validity . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 30 : 319 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn , J. L. 1980 . Concepts of intellect in relation to learning and adult development . Intelligence , 4 : 285 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn , J. L. 1982 . “ The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence in relation to concepts of cognitive psychology and aging in adulthood ” . In Aging and cognitive processes , Edited by: Craik , F. I. M. and Trehub , S. 237 – 278 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Horn , J. L. 1985 . “ Remodeling old models of intelligence: G[sub f] = G[sub c] theory ” . In Handbook of developmental psychology , Edited by: Wolman , B. B. 264 – 300 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Horn , J. L. 1991 . “ Measurement of intellectual capabilities: A review of theory ” . In Woodcock-Johnson technical manual: A reference on theory and current research , Edited by: McGrew , K. S. , Werder , J. K. and Woodcock , R. W. 197246 Allen, Texas : DLM Teaching Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Horn , J. L. and Stankov , L. 1982 . Auditory and visual factors of intelligence . Intelligence , 6 : 165 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis , P. E. and Barth , J. T. 1984 . Halstead-Reitan Test Battery: An Interpretive Guide , Odessa, Florida : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , H. E. and Conrad , H. S. 1933 . The growth and decline of intelligence: A study of a homogeneous group between the ages of ten and sixty . Genetic Psychology Monographs , 13 : 223 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , D. D. 1991 . “ Disorders of sleep and consciousness ” . In Principles of neuroscience , Edited by: Kandel , E. R. , Schwartz , J. H. and Jessell , T. M. 805 – 819 . Norwalk, Connecticut : Appleton & Lange .
   Google Scholar
• La Rue , A. 1992 . Aging and neuropsychological assessment , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• May , C. P. and Hasher , L. 1998 . Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 24 : 363 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May , C. P. , Hasher , L. and Stoltzfus , E. R. 1993 . Optimal time of day and the magnitude of age differences in memory . Psychological Science , 4 : 326 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowd , J. M. and Craik , F. I. M. 1988 . Effects of aging and task difficulty on divided attention performance . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Memory, Perception, and Performance , 14 : 267 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• McDowd , J. M. , Oseas-Kreger , D. M. and Filion , D. L. 1995 . “ Inhibitory processes in cognition and aging ” . In Interference and inhibition in cognition , Edited by: Demster , F. N. and Brainerd , C. J. 363 – 401 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Millar , K. , Styles , B. C. and Wastell , D. G. 1980 . Time of day and retrieval from long-term memory . British Journal of Psychology , 71 : 407 – 414 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakhill , J. 1986 . Effects of time of day on the integration of information in text . British Journal of Psychology , 77 : 481 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petros , T. V. , Beckwith , B. E. and Anderson , M. 1990 . Individual differences in the effects of time of day and passage difficulty on prose memory in adults . British Journal of Psychology , 81 : 63 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz , N. , Moberg , P. J. and Millman , D. 1990 . Effects of age and age-related differences in auditory information processing on fluid and crystallized intelligence . Personality and Individual Differences , 11 : 1147 – 1152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. 1990 . “ Cognitive competence and expertise in aging ” . In Handbook of the psychology of aging , Edited by: Birren , J. E. and Schaie , K. W. 310 – 319 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. 1991 . Mediation of adult age differences in cognition by reductions in working memory and speed of processing . Psychological Science: American Psychological Society , 2 : 179 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. , Mitchell , D. R. D. , Skovronek , E. and Babcock , R. L. 1989 . Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial skills . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 15 : 507 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoltzfus , E. R. , Hasher , L. , Zacks , R. T. , Ulivi , M. S. and Goldstein , D. 1993 . Investigations of inhibition and interference in younger and older adults . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 48 : 179 – 188 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stuss , D. T. , Stethem , L. L. and Poirier , C. A. 1987 . Comparison of three tests of attention and rapid information processing across six age groups . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 1 ( 1 ) : 139 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Tune , G. S. 1969 . The influence of age and temperament on the adult human sleep-wavefulness pattern . British Journal of Psychology , 60 : 431 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J. and Kaufman , A. S. 1993 . Changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence across the 20- to 90-year age range on the K-Bit . Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 11 : 29 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , W. B. 1982 . Sleep in older persons: Sleep structures of 50- to 60-year-old men and women . Journal of Gerontology , 37 : 581 – 586 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wingfield , A. , Stine , E. A. L. , Lahar , C. J. and Aberdeen , J. S. 1988 . Does the capacity of working memory change with age? . Experimental Aging Research , 14 : 103 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar