Subjective Memory in Older African Americans

REFERENCES

• Barker , A. , Carter , C. , & Jones , R. ( 1994 ). Memory performance, self-reported memory loss and depressive symptoms in attenders at a GP-referral and a self-referral memory clinic . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 9 , 305 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett , S. S. , & Folstein , M. F. ( 1993 ). Memory complaint, memory performance, and psychiatric diagnosis: A community study . Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology , 6 , 105 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazer , D. G. , Hays , J. C. , Fillenbaum , G. G. , & Gold , D. T. ( 1997 ). Memory complaint as a predictor of cognitive decline: A comparison of African American and White elders . Journal of Aging and Health , 9 , 171 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolla , K. I. , Lindgren , K. N. , Bonaccorsy , C. , & Bleecker , M. L. ( 1991 ). Memory complaints in older adults. Fact or fiction? Archives of Neurology , 48 , 61 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt , J. ( 1991 ). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 5 , 125 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , F. H. Jr. , Dodrill , C. B. , Clark , T. , & Zych , K. ( 1991 ). An investigation of the relationship between self-report of memory functioning and memory test performance . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 47 , 772 – 777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , H. ( 1991 ). The validity of memory complaints by elderly persons . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 6 , 307 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. ( 1988 ). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States . In The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on Applied Psychology , 31–67 . (pp. 31 – 65 ). Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. , Kamarck , T. , & Mermelstein , R. ( 1983 ). A global measure of perceived stress . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 24 , 385 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comijs , H. C. , Deeg , D. J. , Dik , M. G. , Twisk , J. W. , & Jonker , C. ( 2002 ). Memory complaints; the association with psycho-affective and health problems and the role of personality characteristics. A 6-year follow-up study . Journal of Affective Disorders , 72 , 157 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik , F. I. M. (Ed.) . ( 1990 ). Changes in memory with normal aging: A functional view (Vol. 51 ). New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crook , T. H. , 3rd, Feher , E. P. , & Larrabee , G. J. (1992). Assessment of memory complaint in age-associated memory impairment: The MAC-Q. International Psychogeriatry , 4, 165–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crowe , M. , Clay , O. J. , Sawyer , P. , Crowther , M. R. , & Allman , R. M. ( 2008 ). Education and reading ability in relation to differences in cognitive screening between African American and Caucasian older adults . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 23 , 222 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derouesne , C. , Lacomblez , L. , Thibault , S. , & LePoncin , M. ( 1999 ). Memory complaints in young and elderly subjects . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 14 , 291 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feher , E. P. , Larrabee , G. J. , Sudilovsky , A. , & Crook , T. H. , 3rd . ( 1994 ). Memory self-report in Alzheimer's disease and in age-associated memory impairment . Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology , 7 , 58 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillenbaum , G. , Heyman , A. , Williams , K. , Prosnitz , B. , & Burchett , B. ( 1990 ). Sensitivity and specificity of standardized screens of cognitive impairment and dementia among elderly black and white community residents . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 43 , 651 – 660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flicker , C. , Ferris , S. H. , & Reisberg , B. ( 1993 ). A two-year longitudinal study of cognitive function in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology , 6 , 84 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein , M. F. , Folstein , S. E. , & McHugh , P. R. ( 1975 ). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 , 189 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon , M. , Dartigues , J. F. , Mazaux , J. M. , Dequae , L. , Letenneur , L. , et al. . ( 1994 ). Self-reported memory complaints and memory performance in elderly French community residents: Results of the PAQUID Research Program . Neuroepidemiology , 13 , 145 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerlings , M. I. , Jonker , C. , Bouter , L. M. , Ader , H. J. , & Schmand , B. ( 1999 ). Association between memory complaints and incident Alzheimer's disease in elderly people with normal baseline cognition . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 , 531 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grut , M. , Jorm , A. F. , Fratiglioni , L. , Forsell , Y. , Viitanen , M. , & Winblad , B. ( 1993 ). Memory complaints of elderly people in a population survey: Variation according to dementia stage and depression . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 41 , 1295 – 1300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurland , B. J. , Wilder , D. E. , Lantigua , R. , Stern , Y. , Chen , J. , et al. . ( 1999 ). Rates of dementia in three ethnoracial groups . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 14 , 481 – 493 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanninen , T. , Reinikainen , K. J. , Helkala , E. L. , Koivisto , K. , Mykkanen , L. , et al. . ( 1994 ). Subjective memory complaints and personality traits in normal elderly subjects . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 42 , 1 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays , J. C. , Fillenbaum , G. G. , Gold , D. T. , Shanley , M. C. , & Blazer , D. G. ( 1995 ). Black-white and urban-rural differences in stability of household composition among elderly persons . Journal of Gerontology B Psychological Sciences Sociological Sciences , 50 , S301 – S311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman , A. , Fillenbaum , G. , Prosnitz , B. , Raiford , K. , Burchett , B. , & Clark , C. (1991). Estimated prevalence of dementia among elderly black and white community residents. Archives of Neurology , 48, 594–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker , C. , Geerlings , M. I. , & Schmand , B. ( 2000 ). Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? A review of clinical and population-based studies . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 15 , 983 – 991 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker , C. , Launer , L. J. , Hooijer , C. , & Lindeboom , J. ( 1996 ). Memory complaints and memory impairment in older individuals . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 44 , 44 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm , A. F. , Christensen , H. , Henderson , A. S. , Korten , A. E. , Mackinnon , A. J. , & Scott , R. ( 1994 ). Complaints of cognitive decline in the elderly: A comparison of reports by subjects and informants in a community survey . Psychological Medicine , 24 , 365 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm , A. F. , Christensen , H. , Korten , A. E. , Jacomb , P. A. , & Henderson , A. S. ( 2001 ). Memory complaints as a precursor of memory impairment in older people: A longitudinal analysis over 7–8 years . Psychological Medicine , 31 , 441 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn , R. L. , Zarit , S. H. , Hilbert , N. M. , & Niederehe , G. ( 1975 ). Memory complaint and impairment in the aged. The effect of depression and altered brain function . Archives of General Psychiatry , 32 , 1569 – 1573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klieger , M. Z. D. ( 2005 ). Predictors of cognitive complaints in older adults: A mixture regression approach . European Journal of Ageing , 2 , 13 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larrabee , G. J. , & Levin , H. S. ( 1986 ). Memory self-ratings and objective test performance in a normal elderly sample . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 8 , 275 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes , T. , Gino , S. , Ribeiro , F. , Guerreiro , M. , de Sousa , G. , et al. . ( 2008 ). Memory complaints in healthy young and elderly adults: Reliability of memory reporting . Aging and Mental Health , 12 , 177 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minett , T. S. , Da Silva , R. V. , Ortiz , K. Z. , & Bertolucci , P. H. ( 2008 ). Subjective memory complaints in an elderly sample: A cross-sectional study . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 23 , 49 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minett , T. S. , Dean , J. L. , Firbank , M. , English , P. , & O'Brien , J. T. ( 2005 ). Subjective memory complaints, white-matter lesions, depressive symptoms, and cognition in elderly patients . American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 13 , 665 – 671 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mol , M. E. , Ruiter , R. A. , Verhey , F. R. , Dijkstra , J. , & Jolles , J. ( 2008 ). A study into the psychosocial determinants of perceived forgetfulness: Implications for future interventions . Aging and Mental Health , 12 , 167 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neupert , S. D. , Almeida , D. M. , Mroczek , D. K. , & Spiro , A. , 3rd . ( 2006 ). Daily stressors and memory failures in a naturalistic setting: Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study . Psychology and Aging , 21 , 424 – 429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , D. W. , Pollitt , P. A. , Roth , M. , Brook , P. B. , & Reiss , B. B. ( 1990 ). Memory complaints and impairment in normal, depressed, and demented elderly persons identified in a community survey . Archives of General Psychiatry , 47 , 224 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podewils , L. J. , McLay , R. N. , Rebok , G. W. , & Lyketsos , C. G. ( 2003 ). Relationship of self-perceptions of memory and worry to objective measures of memory and cognition in the general population . Psychosomatics , 44 , 461 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff , L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the genreral population. Applied Psychological Measurement , 1, 385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reding , M. , Haycox , J. , & Blass , J. ( 1985 ). Depression in patients referred to a dementia clinic. A three-year prospective study . Archives of Neurology , 42 , 894 – 896 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rey , A. ( 1941 ). L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie tramatique . Archives de Psychologie , 28 , 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodin , J. ( 1986 ). Aging and health: Effects of the sense of control . Science , 233 , 1271 – 1276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotter , J. B. ( 1966 ). Generalized expectancies of internal versus external control of reinforcements . Psychological Monographs , 80 , 1 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sachs-Ericsson , N. , Joiner , T. , & Blazer , D. G. ( 2008 ). The influence of lifetime depression on self-reported memory and cognitive problems: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey—Replication . Aging and Mental Health , 12 , 183 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. A. , & Meinz , E. J. ( 1995 ). Aging, inhibition, working memory, and speed . Journal of Gerontology B Psychological Sciences Sociological Sciences , 50 , P297 – P306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmand , B. , Jonker , C. , Geerlings , M. I. , & Lindeboom , J. ( 1997 ). Subjective memory complaints in the elderly: Depressive symptoms and future dementia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 171 , 373 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmand , B. , Jonker , C. , Hooijer , C. , & Lindeboom , J. ( 1996 ). Subjective memory complaints may announce dementia . Neurology , 46 , 121 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield , P. W. , Marder , K. , Dooneief , G. , Jacobs , D. M. , Sano , M. , & Stern , Y. ( 1997 ). Association of subjective memory complaints with subsequent cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly individuals with baseline cognitive impairment . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 , 609 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims , R. C. , Allaire , J. A. , Gamaldo , A. , Edwards , C. L. , & Whitfield , K. E. ( 2009 ). An examination of dedifferentiation in cognition among African-American older adults . Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology , 24 , 193 – 208 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tobiansky , R. , Blizard , R. , Livingston , G. , & Mann , A. ( 1995 ). The Gospel Oak Study stage IV: The clinical relevance of subjective memory impairment in older people . Psychological Medicine , 25 , 779 – 786 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , P. N. , Wang , S. J. , Fuh , J. L. , Teng , E. L. , Liu , C. Y. , et al. . ( 2000 ). Subjective memory complaint in relation to cognitive performance and depression: A longitudinal study of a rural Chinese population . Journal of the American Geriatric Society , 48 , 295 – 299 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. ( 1981 ). The Wechsler adult intelligence scale—revised . New York : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• West , R. L. , Bagwell , D. K. , & Dark-Freudeman , A. ( 2007 ). Self-efficacy and memory aging: The impact of a memory intervention based on self-efficacy . Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , 15 , 302 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield , K. E. , & Wiggins , S. A. ( 2003 ). The impact of desegregation on cognition among older African Americans . Journal of Black Psychology , 3 , 275 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , O. T. , Dziobek , I. , McHugh , P. , Sweat , V. , de Leon , M. J. , et al. . ( 2005 ). Subjective memory complaints in aging are associated with elevated cortisol levels . Neurobiology of Aging , 26 , 1357 – 1363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , R. Y. , Giuliano , K. K. , Bignell , C. U. , & Pritham , W. W. (2006). Assessing cognitive ability in research: Use of MMSE with minority populations and elderly adults with low education levels. Journal of Gerontology and Nursing , 32, 45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelinski , E. M. , Gilewski , M. J. , & Schaie , K. W. ( 1993 ). Individual differences in cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal memory performance across the adult life span . Psychology and Aging , 8 , 176 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsembik , B. A. , & Peek , M. K. ( 2001 ). Race differences in cognitive functioning among older adults . Journal of Gerontology B Psychological Sciences Sociological Sciences , 56 , S266 – S274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar