Age Effects on Emotion Recognition in Facial Displays: From 20 to 89 Years of Age

REFERENCES

• Bechara , A. , Damasio , A. , & Damasio , H. ( 2000 ). Emotion, decision-making, and the orbitofrontal cortex . Cerebral Cortex , 10 , 295 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara , A. , Damasio , A. , Damasio , H. , & Anderson , S. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Gerontology , 33, 858–871.
   Google Scholar
• Calder , A. , Keane , J. , Manly , T. , Sprengelmeyer , R. , Scott , S. , et al. . ( 2003 ). Facial expression recognition across the adult life span . Neuropsychologia , 41 , 195 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 1988 ). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Ekman , P. , & Friesen , W. V. ( 1976 ). Pictures of facial affect . Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologist Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flynn , J. R. ( 1987 ). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure . Psychological Bulletin , 101 , 171 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagliardi , C. , Frigerio , E. , Burt , M. , Cazzaniga , I. , Perrett , D. , & Borgatti , R. ( 2003 ). Facial expressions recognition in Willis syndrome . Neuropsychologia , 41 , 733 – 738 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunning-Dixon , F. M. , Gur , R. C. , Perkins , A. C. , Schroeder , L. , Turner , T. , et al. . ( 2003 ). Age-related differences in brain activation during emotional face processing . Neurobiology of Aging , 24 , 285 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornak , J. , Bramham , J. , Rolls , E. , Morris , R. , O'Doherty , J. , & Bullock , P. ( 2003 ). Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical lesions of the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices . Brain , 126 , 1691 – 1712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornak , J. , O'Doherty , J. , Bramham , J. , Rolls , E. , Morris , R. , & Bullock , P. ( 2004 ). Reward-related reversal learning after surgical excision in orbitofrontal or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 , 463 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacowitz , D. M. , Lane , R. D. , Wright , R. , Sechrest , L. , Lockenhoff , C. E. , et al. . ( 2007 ). Age differences in recognition of emotion in lexical stimuli and facial expression . Psychology and Aging , 22 , 147 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , F. R. , & Davis , H. P. ( 1998 ). Colorado Assessment Tests (Version 1.1) [computer software]. Colorado Springs , CO : Colorado Assessment Tests .
   Google Scholar
• Montagne , B. , Kessels , R. , DeHann , E. , & Perrett , D. ( 2007 ). The emotion recognition task: A paradigm to measure the perception of facial emotional expression at different intensities . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 104 , 589 – 598 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno , C. , Borod , J. , Welkowitz , J. , & Alpert , M. ( 1993 ). The perception of facial emotion across the adult life span . Developmental Neuropsychology , 9 , 305 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , J. S. , Friston , K. J. , Buchel , C. , Frith , C. D. , Young , A. W. , et al. . ( 1998 ). A neuromodulatory role for the human amygdala in processing emotional facial expressions . Brain , 121 , 47 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orgeta , V. , & Phillips , L. ( 2008 ). Effects of age and emotional intensity on the recognition of facial emotion . Experimental Aging Research , 34 , 63 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruffman , T. , Henry , J. D. , Livingstone , V. , & Phillips , L. H. ( 2008 ). A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: Implications for neuropsychological models of aging . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 32 , 863 – 881 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse , T. , & Davis , H. ( 2006 ). Organization of cognitive abilities and neuropsychological variables across the lifespan . Developmental Review , 26 , 31 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprengelmeyer , R. , Young , A. , Sprengelmeyer , A. , Calder , A. , Rowland , D. , et al.. (1997). Recognition of facial expressions: Selective impairment of specific emotions in Huntington's disease. Cognitive Neuropsychology , 14, 839–879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan , S. , & Ruffman , T. ( 2004 ). Emotion recognition deficits in the elderly . International Journal of Neuroscience , 114 , 403 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan , S. , Ruffman , T. , & Hutton , S. B. ( 2007 ). Age differences in emotion recognition skills and the visual scanning of emotion faces . Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences , 62B , 53 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Tessitore , A. , Hariri , A. R. , Fera , F. , Smith , W. G. , Das , S. , et al. . ( 2005 ). Functional changes in the activity of brain regions underlying emotion processing in the elderly . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 139 , 9 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. ( 1987 ). Manual for the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised . New York : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , L. M. , Mathersul , D. , Palmer , D. M. , Gur , R. C. , Gur , R. E. , & Gordon , E. ( 2009 ). Explicit identification and implicit recognition of facial emotions: I. Age effects in males and females across 10 decades . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 31 , 257 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelinski , E. M. , Kennison , R. F. , Watts , A. , & Lewis , K. L. ( 2009 ). Convergence between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies: Cohort matters . In H. B. Bosworth & C. Hertzog (Eds.), Aging and cognition: Research methodologies and empirical advances (pp. 101 – 118 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar