Age-Related Visual Impairments and Perceiving Linguistic Stimuli: The Rarity of Assessing the Visual Abilities of Older Participants in Written Language Research

REFERENCES

• Allen , P. A. , & Madden , D. J. ( 1990 ). Evidence for a parallel input serial analysis model of word processing . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 , 48 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , P. A. , Smith , A. F. , Lien , M. C. , Kaut , K. P. , & Canfield , A. ( 2009 ). A multi-stream model of visual word recognition . Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics , 71 , 281 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ament , P. A. , Robbins , D. K. , Brockman , C. J. , Hawkins , R. , Lake , S. , & Bazin , M. B. ( 2008 ). Prevalence and reporting of near-point binocular convergence and acuity vision deficits in potential research participants . Behavior Research Methods , 40 , 309 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertone , A. , Bettinelli , L. , & Faubert , J. ( 2007 ). The impact of blurred vision on cognitive assessment . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 , 467 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , A. R. , & Reid , V. M. ( 1997 ). Eye movements and reading with simulated visual impairment . Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 17 , 392 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brabyn , J. , Schneck , M. , Haegerström-Portnoy , G. , & Lott , L. ( 2001 ). The Smith-Kettlewell Institute (SKI) longitudinal study of vision function and its impact among the elderly: An overview . Optometry and Vision Science , 78 , 264 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coren , S. , & Porac , C. ( 1975 ). The myth of the normal eye: A methodological note . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 5 , 469 – 470 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , J. R. , Fletcher , A. E. , Wormald , R. P. L. , Siu-Woon Ng , E. , Stirling , S. , Smeeth , L. , … Tulloch , A. ( 2002 ). Prevalence of visual impairment in people aged 75 years and older in Britain: Results from the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community . British Journal of Ophthalmology , 86 , 795 – 800 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran , S. , Mitchell , P. , & Wang , J. J. ( 2003 ). Five-year change in visual acuity and incidence of visual impairment: The Blue Mountains Eye Study . Ophthalmology , 110 , 41 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotouhi , A. , Hashemi , H. , Mohammad , K. , & Jalali , K. H. ( 2004 ). The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran: The Tehran Eye Study . British Journal of Ophthalmology , 88 , 740 – 745 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , S. M. , Munoz , B. , Rubin , G. S. , West , S. K. , Bandeen-Roche , K. , & Fried , L. P. ( 1999 ). Characteristics of discrepancies between self-reported visual function and measured reading speed . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 40 , 858 – 864 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haegerström-Portnoy , G. , Schneck , M. E. , & Brabyn , J. A. ( 1999 ). Seeing into old age: Vision function beyond acuity . Optometry and Vision Science , 76 , 141 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haegerström-Portnoy , G. , Schneck , M. E. , Lott , L. A. , & Brabyn , J. A. ( 2000 ). The relation between visual acuity and other spatial vision measures . Optometry and Vision Science , 77 , 653 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , T. R. ( 1990 ). Presenting words without interior letters: Superiority over single letters and influence of postmask boundaries . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 , 893 – 909 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , T. R. (1995). Perceiving exterior letters of words: Differential influences of letter-fragment and nonletter fragment masks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 21, 512–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , B. E. K. , Klein , R. , Lee , K. E. , & Cruickshanks , K. J. ( 1999 ). Associations of performance-based and self-reported measures of visual function. The Beaver Dam Eye Study . Ophthalmic Epidemiology , 6 , 49 – 60 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein , R. , Klein , B. E. K. , Lee , K. E. , Cruickshanks , K. J. , & Gangnon , R. E. ( 2006 ). Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period: The Beaver Dam Eye Study . American Journal of Ophthalmology , 142 , 539 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen , A. , Koskinen , S. , Härkänen , T. , Reunanen , A. , Laatikainen , L. , & Aromaa , A. ( 2005 ). A nationwide population-based survey on visual acuity, near vision, and self-reported visual function in the adult population in Finland . Ophthalmology , 112 , 2227 – 2237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lott , L. A. , Schneck , M. E. , Haegerström-Portnoy , G. , Brabyn , J. A. , Gildengorin , G. L. , & West , C. G. ( 2001 ). Reading performance in older adults with good acuity . Optometry and Vision Science , 78 , 316 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansfield , J. , Ahn , S. , Legge , G. E. , & Luebker , A. ( 1993 ). A new reading-acuity chart for normal and low vision . Ophthalmic and Visual Optics/Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System Technical Digest , 3 , 232 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Owsley , C. ( 2011 ). Aging and vision . Vision Research , 51 , 1610 – 1622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owsley , C. , Sekuler , R. , & Siemsen , D. ( 1983 ). Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood . Vision Research , 23 , 689 – 699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patching , G. R. , & Jordan , T. R. ( 2005a ). Assessing the role of different spatial frequencies in word perception by good and poor readers . Memory & Cognition , 33 , 961 – 971 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patching , G. R. , & Jordan , T. R. ( 2005b ). Spatial frequency sensitivity differences between adults of good and poor reading ability . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 46 , 2219 – 2224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelli , D. G. , Robson , J. G. , & Wilkins , A. J. ( 1988 ). The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity . Clinical Vision Science , 2 , 187 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , G. S. , West , S. K. , Muñoz , B. , Bandeen-Roche , K. , Zeger , S. , Schein , O. , & Fried , L. P. ( 1997 ). A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans: The SEE Study . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 38 , 557 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeel , R. L. , Nagra , A. , Van Voorst , W. , & Olson , E. ( 2003 ). The relationship between performance-based visual acuity screening, self-reported visual acuity, and neuropsychological performance . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 , 129 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Boxtel , M. P. J. , ten Tusscher , M. P. M. , Metsemakers , J. F. M. , Willems , B. , & Jolles , J. ( 2001 ). Visual determinants of reduced performance on the Stroop color-word test in normal aging individuals . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 23 , 620 – 627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Pols , J. C. , Bates , C. J. , McGraw , P. V. , Thompson , J. R. , Reacher , M. , Prentice , A. , & Finch , S. ( 2000 ). Visual acuity measurements in a national sample of British elderly people . British Journal of Ophthalmology , 84 , 165 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar