Publication Cover
Experimental Aging Research
An International Journal Devoted to the Scientific Study of the Aging Process
Volume 43, 2017 - Issue 1
183
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Depressive Symptomatology and Priming Effects Among Younger and Older Adults

, , , &
Pages 1-20 | Received 04 Jul 2014, Accepted 22 Nov 2015, Published online: 09 Jan 2017

REFERENCES

  • Backman, L., & Forsell, Y. (1994). Episodic memory functioning in a community-based sample of old adults with major depression: Utilization of cognitive support. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 1–10. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.361
  • Barg, F. K., Huss-Ashmore, R., Wittink, M. N., Murray, G. F., Bogner, H. R., & Gallo, J. J. (2006). A mixed-methods approach to understanding loneliness and depression in older adults. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, S329–S339. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.6.S329
  • Barusch, A., & Wilby, F. (2010). Coping with symptoms of depression: A descriptive survey of community-dwelling elders. Clinical Gerontologist, 33, 210–222. doi: 10.1080/07317111003773650
  • Beaudreau, S., & O’Hara, R. (2009). The association between anxiety and depressive symptoms with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. Psychology and Aging, 24, 507–512. doi: 10.1037/a0016035
  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford.
  • Benoît, G., Fortin, L., Lemelin, S., Laplante, L., Thomas, J., & Everett, J. (1992). L’attention sélective dans la depression majeure: Ralentissement clinique et inhibition cognitive. Revue Canadienne De Psychologie, 46, 41–52. doi: 10.1037/h0084314
  • Blazer, D. (2002). Depression in late life (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.
  • Botwinick, J. (1978). Aging and behavior. New York: Springer.
  • Brink, T., & Niemeyer, L. (1992). Assessment of depression in college students: GDS versus CES-D scale. Psychological Reports, 71, 163–166. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.163
  • Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. New York: Holt.
  • Bunce, D., Tzur, M., Ramchurn, A., Gain, F., & Bond, F. W. (2008). Mental health and cognitive function in adults aged 18 to 92 years. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63, P67–P74.
  • Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J., & Niederehe, G. (1995). Depression and memory impairment: A meta analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 285–305. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285
  • Carstensen, L. L. (1995). Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 4, 151–156. doi: 10.1111/cdir.1995.4.issue-5
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Chajut, E., & Algom, D. (2003). Selective attention improves under stress: Implications for theories of social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 231–248.
  • Chapman, B. P., & Hayslip, B. (2006). Emotional intelligence in young and middle adulthood: A cross sectional analysis of latent structure and means. Psychology and Aging, 21, 411–418. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.411
  • Chapman, B. P., & Hayslip, B. (2005). Incremental validity of a measure of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 154–169. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8502_08
  • Charles, S. T. (2011). Emotional experience and regulation in later life. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (7th ed., pp. 295–310). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Connelly, L., & Hasher, L. (1993). Aging and the inhibition of spatial location. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 1238–1250.
  • DiTommaso, E., & Spinner, B. (1997). Social and emotional loneliness: A re-examination of Weiss’ typology of loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 417–427. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00204-8
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. In Abstracts/Complete records (Vol. xii, p. 212). Oxford, UK: Prentice-Hall.
  • Ellis, H. C., & Ashbrook, P. W. (1988). Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory. In K. Fielder & J. Forgas (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and social behavior (pp. 101–140). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge.
  • Fiske, A. (2006). The nature of depression in later life. In S. Qualls & B. Knight (Eds.), Psychotherapy for depression in older adults (pp. 29–44). New York: Wiley.
  • Fiske, A., Ciliberti, C., Gould, C., Nadorff, D., Nadorff, M., Nazem, S., Stahl, S., & Clegg_Kaaynoh, M. (2012). Mental health and aging. In J.E. Maddox (Ed.), Psychopathology Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding (pp. 399–425). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Fox, E. (1995). Negative priming from ignored distracters in visual selection: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 145–173. doi: 10.3758/BF03210958
  • Gatz, M. (2000). Variations on depression in later life. In S. Qualls & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution: How we adapt to longer life (pp. 239–254). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Girondi, A. (1995). Pictorial representation of emotions ( Unpublished master’s thesis). The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.
  • Girondi, A. M. (1997). The self regulation of affect: Application of the negative priming paradigm. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 57(8–B), 5374.
  • Gromping, U. (2007). Esstimators of relative importance in linear regression based on variance decomposition. The American Statistician, 61, 139–147. doi: 10.1198/000313007X188252
  • Gross, J. J., Carstensen, L. L., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C. G., & Hsu, A. Y. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 590–599. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.590
  • Hasher, L., Stoltzfus, E. R., Zacks, R. T., & Rypma, B. (1991). Age and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 163–169.
  • Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (pp. 193–225). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Hashtroudi, S., Johnson, M. K., & Chrosniak, L. D. (1990). Aging and qualitative characteristics of memories for perceived and imagined complex events. Psychology and Aging, 5, 119–126. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.5.1.119
  • Hayslip, B. (1988). Personality-ability relationships in aged adults. Journal of Gerontology, 43, 79–84.
  • Hayslip, B., Kennelly, K., & Maloy, R. (1990). Fatigue, depression, and cognitive performance among aged persons. Experimental Aging Research, 16, 111–115. doi: 10.1080/07340669008251537
  • Hayslip, B., & Sterns, H. (1979). Age differences in relationships between crystallized and fluid intelligence and problem solving. Journal of Gerontology, 34, 404–414. doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.3.404
  • Horn, J. L. (1975). Gf-Gc sampler. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
  • Houx, P. J., Jolles, J., & Vreeling, F. W. (1993). Stroop interference: Aging effects assessed with Stroop color-word test. Experimental Aging Research, 19, 209–224. doi: 10.1080/03610739308253934
  • Ingram, R. E., & Smith, T. W. (1984). Depression and internal versus external focus of attention. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 139–152. doi: 10.1007/BF01173040
  • Joorman, J. (2004). Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 125–147. doi: 10.1080/02699930244000480
  • Jormann, J., & Gotlib, I. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 281–298. doi: 10.1080/02699930903407948
  • Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kausler, D. H. (1991). Experimental psychology, cognition, and human aging. New York: Springer.
  • Kieley, J. M., & Hartley, A. A. (1997). Age-related equivalence of identity suppression in the Stroop color-word task. Psychology and Aging, 12, 22–29. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.1.22
  • Kramer, A. F., Humphrey, D. G., Larish, J. F., Logan, G. D., & Strayer, D. L. (1994). Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention. Psychology and Aging, 9, 491–512. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.9.4.491
  • Kuhl, J., & Helle, P. (1986). Motivational and volitional determinants of depression: The degenerated-intention hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 247–251. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.95.3.247
  • Langley, L. K., Overmier, J. B., Knopman, D. S., & Prod’Homme, M. M. (1998). Inhibition and habituation: Preserved mechanisms of attentional selection in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 12, 353–366. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.12.3.353
  • Lemelin, S., Baruch, P., Vincent, A., Laplante, L., Everett, J., & Vincent, P. (1996). Attention disturbance in clinical depression: Deficient distractor inhibition or processing resource deficit? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184, 114–121. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199602000-00010
  • Leung, K., Lee, T., Yip, P., Li, L., & Wong, M. (2009). Selective attention biases of people with depression: Positive and negative priming of depression-related information. Psychiatry Research, 165, 241–251. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.022
  • Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., & Fischer, S. A. (1991). Age and depression: Unique and shared effects. Psychology and Aging, 6, 247–260. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.6.2.247
  • Logan, C. D. (1988). Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review, 95, 492–527. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.95.4.492
  • Lyness, S. A., Eaton, E. M., & Schneider, L. S. (1994). Cognitive performance in older and middle-aged depressed outpatients and controls. Journal of Gerontology, 49, P129–P136. doi: 10.1093/geronj/49.3.P129
  • MacQueen, G. M., Tipper, S. P., Young, L. T., Joffe, R. T., & Levitt, A. J. (2000). Impaired distractor inhibition on a selective attention task in unmedicated, depressed subjects. Psychological Medicine, 30, 557–564. doi: 10.1017/S0033291799001981
  • Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Aging and attentional biases for emotional faces. Psychological Science, 14, 409–415. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.01455
  • May, C. P., Kane, M. J., & Hasher, L. (1995). Determinants of negative priming. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 35–54. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.35
  • McDowd, J. M., & Oseas-Kreger, D. M. (1991). Aging, inhibitory processes, and negative priming. Journal of Gerontology, 46, P340–P345. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.6.P340
  • Metzler, C. (2001). Location negative priming may be abolished in older age. Zeitschift für Geropsychogie und Psychiatrie, 14, 187–202. (abstract).
  • Neill, W.T., & Valdes, L.A. (1992). Persistence of negative priming: Steady state or decay? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 565–576.
  • Neill, W. T., Valdes, L. A., & Terry, K. M. (1995). Selective attention and the inhibitory control of cognition. In F. N. Dempster & C. J. Brainerd (Eds.), Interference and inhibition in cognition (pp. 207–261). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Park, D. (2000). Cognitive aging: A primer. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
  • Pesta, B. J., & Sanders, R. E. (2000). Aging and negative priming: Is ignored information inhibited or remembered? Experimental Aging Research, 26, 37–56. doi: 10.1080/036107300243678
  • Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987). Self-regulatory preservation and the depressive self- focusing style: A self-awareness theory of reactive depression. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 122–138. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.122
  • Rachman, S., & Hodgson, R. J. (1980). Obsessions and compulsions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Robertson, S. M., & Hopko, D. (2009). Experiential avoidance: A moderator of the relationship between age and emotional expression. Aging and Mental Health, 13, 611–618. doi: 10.1080/13607860902774477
  • Rogers, W. A. (2000). Attention and aging. In D. Park & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive aging: A primer (pp. 57–73). Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
  • Rousseew, P. J., & Leroy, A. M. (2003). Robust regression and outlier detection. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Salthouse, T. A., & Meinz, E. J. (1995). Aging, inhibition, working memory, and speed. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50B, P297–P306. doi: 10.1093/geronb/50B.6.P297
  • Sanders, R. E., Hayslip, B., Jr., Herrington, R., Hassmiller, K., Bartlett, A., Thomas, P., … Girondi, A. M. (1998). Nonconscious priming effects, age, and depression in adulthood. Poster presented at the Seventh Cognitive Aging Conference, Atlanta, GA.
  • Schneider, W., Zuccolotto, A., & Tirone, S. T. (1993). Time-stamping computer events to report 1-msec accuracy of events in the micro experimental laboratory. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation and Computers, 25, 276–280. doi: 10.3758/BF03204509
  • Schooler, C., Neumann, E., Caplan, L. J., & Roberts, B. R. (1997). Continued inhibitory capacity throughout adulthood: Conceptual negative priming in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12, 667–674. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.667
  • Sheikh, J., & Yesavage, J. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In T. Brink (Ed.), Clinical gerontology (pp. 165–173). New York: Haworth Press.
  • Sheon, G. D., & Baldwin, G. (2012). The latent structure of the center for epidemiological studies-depression scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 502–509. doi: 10.1007/s10862-012-9296-3
  • Simone, P. M., & McCormick, E. B. (1999). Effect of a defining feature on negative priming across the lifespan. Visual Cognition, 6, 587–606. doi: 10.1080/135062899394957
  • Smith, T. W., & Greenberg, J. (1981). Depression and self-focused attention. Motivation and Emotion, 9, 323–331. doi: 10.1007/BF00992551
  • Stoltzfus, E. R., Hasher, L., Zacks, R. T., Ulivi, M. S., & Goldstein, D. (1993). Investigations of inhibition and interference in younger and older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 48, P179–P188. doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.4.P179
  • Sturgill, D., & Ferraro, R. (1997). Predicting negative priming: Effects of schizotypy, cognitive failures, and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 291–304. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00032-9
  • Sullivan, M. P., & Faust, M. E. (1993). Evidence for identity inhibition during selective attention in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 8, 589–598. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.8.4.589
  • Sullivan, M. P., Faust, M. E., & Balota, D. A. (1995). Identity negative priming in older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Neuropsychology, 9, 537–555. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.9.4.537
  • Teachman, B. A., Siedlecki, K. L., & Magee, J. (2007). Aging and symptoms of anxiety and depression: Structural invariance of the tripartite model. Psychology and Aging, 22, 160–170. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.160
  • Tipper, S. P. (1985). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming by ignored objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 571–590. doi: 10.1080/14640748508400920
  • Tipper, S. P. (1992). Selection for action: The role of inhibitory mechanisms. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 105–109. doi: 10.1111/cdir.1992.1.issue-3
  • Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., Young, H. M., Caswell, L. W., Scanlan, J. M., & Echeverria, D. (2009). Depressed mood mediates decline in cognitive processing speed in caregivers. The Gerontologist, 49, 12–22. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnp004
  • Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Wegner, D. (1989). White bears and other unwanted thoughts: Suppression, obsession, and the psychology of mental control. New York, NY: Penguin Press.
  • Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093–1104. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1093
  • Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5–13. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.5
  • Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615–640. doi: 10.1111/jopy.1994.62.issue-4
  • Weiss, R. S. (1998). A taxonomy of relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 671–683. doi: 10.1177/0265407598155006
  • Wetherell, J., Gatz, M., & Pederson, N. (2001). A longitudinal analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychology and Aging, 16, 187–195. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.16.2.187
  • Yao, S., Liu, M., Liu, J., Hu, Z., Yi, J., & Huang, R. (2010). Inhibition function in depression: Event-related potentials during negative affective priming. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 182, 172–179. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.01.010
  • Zacks, R. T., & Hasher, L. (1994). Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulation of working memory. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 241–264). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.