The ACTIVE conceptual framework as a structural equation model

References

• Ackerman, M. L., Edwards, J. D., Ross, L. A., Ball, K. K., & Lunsman, M. (2008). Examination of cognitive and instrumental functional performance as indicators for driving cessation risk across 3 years. The Gerontologist, 48, 802–810. doi: 10.1093/geront/48.6.802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anstey, K. J., Hofer, S. M., & Luszcz, M. A. (2003). Cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of dedifferentiation in late-life cognitive and sensory function: The effects of age, ability, attrition, and occasion of measurement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 470–487. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.132.3.470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D., Marsiske, M., & Willis, S. L. (2002). Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 2271–2281. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball KK, Ross LA, Roth DL, Edwards JD. Speed of processing training in the ACTIVE study: how much is needed and who benefits? J Aging Health. 2013 Dec;25(8Suppl): 65S–84S.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, K., & Owsley, C. (2000). Increased mobility and reducing accidents of older drivers. In K. Schaie & M. Pietrucha (Eds.), Mobility and transportation in the elderly (pp. 213–251). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bendayan R, Piccinin AM, Hofer SM, Muniz G. Are Changes in Self-Rated Health Associated With Memory Decline in Older Adults? J Aging Health. 2016. 29(8) 1410–1423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley-Interscience. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Brandt, J. (1991). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 125–142. doi: 10.1080/13854049108403297
   Google Scholar
• Diehl, M., Marsiske, M., Horgas, A. L., Rosenberg, A., Saczynski, J., & Willis, S. L. (2005). The revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living: A performance-based assessment of everyday problem solving in older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 24, 211–230. doi: 10.1177/0733464804273772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, J. D., Lunsman, M., Perkins, M., Rebok, G. W., & Roth, D. L. (2009). Driving cessation and health trajectories in older adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64, 1290–1295. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glp114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrom, R., French, J., Harman, H., & Derman, D. (1976). Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests, revised. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin, L. N., Corcoran, M., Winter, L., Boyce, A., & Hauck, W. W. (2001). A randomized, controlled trial of a home environmental intervention effect on efficacy and upset in caregivers and on daily function of persons with dementia. The Gerontologist, 41, 4–14. doi: 10.1093/geront/41.1.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonda, J., & Schaie, K. (1985). Schaie-Thurstone Mental Abilities Test: Word Series test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, A.L., & Rebok, G.W. (2011). Memory training and strategy use in older adults: Results from the ACTIVE cognitive intervention trial. Psychology & Aging 26, 503–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, A. L., Inouye, S. K., Rebok, G. W., Brandt, J., Crane, P. K., Parisi, J. M., … Jones, R. N. (2012). Parallel but not equivalent: Challenges and solutions for repeated assessment of cognition over time. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34, 758–772. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2012.681628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, A. L., Rebok, G. W., Unverzagt, F. W., Willis, S. L., & Brandt, J. (2011a). Cognitive predictors of everyday functioning in older adults: Results from the ACTIVE cognitive intervention trial. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66, 557–566. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, A. L., Rebok, G. W., Unverzagt, F. W., Willis, S. L., & Brandt, J. (2011b). Word list memory predicts everyday function and problem-solving in the elderly: Results from the ACTIVE cognitive intervention trial. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 18, 129–146. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2010.516814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobe, J. B., Smith, D. M., Ball, K., Tennstedt, S. L., Marsiske, M., Willis, S. L., & Kleinman, (2001). ACTIVE: A cognitive intervention trial to promote independence in older adults. Controlled Clinical Trials, 22, 453–479.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kluge, E.-H. W. (2006). The unexpected death of a patient in the clinical setting: Some ethical reflections. MedGenMed : Medscape General Medicine, 8, 48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. G., & Agras, W. S. (2002). Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 877–883. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsiske, M., & Willis, S. L. (1995). Dimensionality of everyday problem solving in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 10, 269–283. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.10.2.269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArdle, J. J., & Prindle, J. J. (2008). A latent change score analysis of a randomized clinical trial in reasoning training. Psychologist Aging, 4, 702–719. doi: 10.1037/a0014349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (1998–2014). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health (2015). Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable in NIH-funded Research. Notice NOT-OD-15-102. Accessed Dec. 28, 2017 via https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-102.html.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, M. L., Edwards, J. D., Wadley, V. G., & Crowe, M. (2010). Changes in mobility among older adults with psychometrically defined mild cognitive impairment. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 306–316. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owsley, C., Sloane, M., McGwin, G., Jr., & Ball, K. (2002). Timed instrumental activities of daily living tasks: Relationship to cognitive function and everyday performance assessments in older adults. Gerontology, 48, 254–265. doi: 10.1159/000058360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owsley, C., Stalvey, B., Wells, J., & Sloane, M. E. (1999). Older drivers and cataract: Driving habits and crash risk. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54, M203–M211. doi: 10.1093/gerona/54.4.M203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebok, G. W., Ball, K., Guey, L. T., Jones, R. N., Kim, H. Y., King, J. W., … ACTIVE Study Group. (2014). Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62, 16–24. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebok GW, Langbaum JB, Jones RN, Gross AL, Parisi JM, Spira AP, Kueider AM, Petras H, Brandt J. Memory training in the ACTIVE study: how much is needed and who benefits? J Aging Health. 2013 Dec;25(8Suppl): 21S–42S.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1964). L’examen clinique en psychologie. Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Stalvey, B. T., Owsley, C., Sloane, M. E., & Ball, K. (1999). The life space questionnaire: A measure of the extent of mobility of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 18, 460–478. doi: 10.1177/073346489901800404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford Center on Longevity (2014). A consensus on the brain training industry from the scientific community. Retrieved March 1, 2015 from http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/
   Google Scholar
• Steiger, J. H. (1989). EZPATH: A supplementary module for SYSTAT and SYGRAPH. Evanston, IL: Systat.
   Google Scholar
• Thurstone, L., & Thurstone, T. (1949). Examiner manual for the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test (Form 10-14). Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994). The disablement process. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadley, V. G., Crowe, M., Marsiske, M., Cook, S. E., Unverzagt, F. W., Rosenberg, A. L., & Rexroth, D. (2007). Changes in everyday function in individuals with psychometrically defined mild cognitive impairment in the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55, 1192–1198. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01245.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36®): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473–483. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis SL, Caskie GI. Reasoning training in the ACTIVE study: how much is needed and who benefits? J Aging Health. 2013 Dec;25(8Suppl): 43S–64S.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, S., & Marsiske, M. (1993). Manual for the Everyday Problems Test. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, S. L. (1996). Everyday cognitive competence in elderly persons: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. The Gerontologist, 36, 595–601. doi: 10.1093/geront/36.5.595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, S. L., Tennstedt, S. L., Marsiske, M., Ball, K., Elias, J., Koepke, K. M., … Wright, E. (2006). Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 296, 2805–2814. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.23.2805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, B. A., Cockburn, J., & Baddeley, A. (1985). The Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Reading, UK: Thames Valley Test Co.
   Google Scholar
• Wolinsky, F. D., Mahncke, H., VanderWeg, M. W., Martin, R., Unverzagt, F. W., Ball, K. K., … Tennstedt, S. L. (2010). Speed of processing training protects self-rated health in older adults: Enduring effects observed in the multi-site ACTIVE randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 470–478. doi: 10.1017/S1041610209991281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolinsky, F. D., Unverzagt, F., Smith, D., Jones, R., Wright, E., & Tennstedt, S. (2006). The effects of the ACTIVE cognitive training trial on clinically relevant declines in health-related quality of life. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, S281–S287. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.5.S281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen, Y.-C., Rebok, G. W., Gallo, J. J., Jones, R. N., & Tennstedt, S. L. (2011). Depressive symptoms impair everyday problem-solving ability through cognitive abilities in late life. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 142–150. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181e89894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar