Publication Cover
Experimental Aging Research
An International Journal Devoted to the Scientific Study of the Aging Process
Volume 47, 2021 - Issue 2
326
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Age Differences in Reappraisal of Negative Autobiographical Memories

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 165-182 | Received 07 Jul 2020, Accepted 26 Dec 2020, Published online: 07 Jan 2021

References

  • Allard, E. S., & Hamilton, L. J. (2019). A discrete emotions perspective to negative autobiographical recall among younger and older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 45(5), 460–468. doi:10.1080/0361073X.2019.1664455
  • Allard, E. S., & Kensinger, E. A. (2014). Age-related differences in neural recruitment during the use of cognitive reappraisal and selective attention as emotion regulation strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 296. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00296
  • Berntson, G. G., Thomas Bigger, J., Jr, Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., Malik, M., … Van der Molen, M. W. (1997). Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34(6), 623–648. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x
  • Brady, B., Kneebone, I. I., Denson, N., & Bailey, P. E. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in instructed emotion regulation success. PeerJ, 6, e6051. doi:10.7717/peerj.6051
  • Brockman, R., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., & Kashdan, T. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in daily life: Mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46(2), 91–113. doi:10.1080/16506073.2016.1218926
  • Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181.
  • Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Mayr, U., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2000). Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 644–655. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.644
  • Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., … Nesselroade, J. R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 21–33. doi:10.1037/a0021285
  • Charles, S. T. (2010). Strength and vulnerability integration: A model of emotional well-being across adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 136(6), 1068–1091. doi:10.1037/a0021232
  • Charles, S. T., Reynolds, C. A., & Gatz, M. (2001). Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 136–151. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.136
  • Comblain, C., D’Argembeau, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Experimental Aging Research, 31(2), 173–189. doi:10.1080/03610730590915010
  • Danhauer, S. C., Carlson, C. R., & Andrykowski, M. A. (2005). Positive psychosocial functioning in later life: Use of meaning-based coping strategies by nursing home residents. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 24(4), 299–318. doi:10.1177/0733464805277754
  • Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1998). Subjective well-being and age: An international analysis. In K. W. Schaie & M. P. Lawton (Eds.), Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics: Vol. 17 . Focus on emotion and adult development (pp. 304–324). New York: Springer.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
  • Eldesouky, L., & English, T. (2018). Another year older, another year wiser? Emotion regulation strategy selection and flexibility across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 33(4), 572-585. doi:10.1037/pag0000251
  • Ford, J. H., DiBiase, H. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2018a). Finding the good in the bad: Age and event experience relate to the focus on positive aspects of a negative event. Cognition & Emotion, 32(2), 414–421. doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1301387
  • Ford, J. H., DiBiase, H. D., Ryu, E., & Kensinger, E. A. (2018b). It gets better with time: Enhancement of age-related positivity effect in the six months following a highly negative public event. Psychology and Aging, 33(3), 419–424. doi:10.1037/pag0000250
  • Ford, J. H., DiGirolamo, M. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2016). Age influences the relation between subjective valence ratings and emotional word use during autobiographical memory retrieval. Memory, 24(8), 1023–1032. doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1061016
  • Gana, K., Bailly, N., Saada, Y., Joulain, M., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Does life satisfaction change in old age: Results from an 8-year longitudinal study. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(4), 540–552. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs093
  • Glisky, E. L., Polster, M. R., & Routhieaux, B. C. (1995). Double dissociation between item and source memory. Neuropsychology, 9(2), 229–235. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.229
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
  • Haines, S. J., Gleeson, J., Kuppens, P., Hollenstein, T., Ciarrochi, J., Labuschagne, I., … Koval, P. (2016). The wisdom to know the difference: Strategy-situation fit in emotion regulation in daily life is associated with well-being. Psychological Science, 27(12), 1651–1659. doi:10.1177/0956797616669086
  • Hill, L. K., & Siebenbrock, A. (2009). Are all measures created equal? Heart rate variability and respiration - biomed 2009. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 45, 71–76.
  • Hummert, M. L. (2011). Age stereotypes and aging. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging, 7th edition (pp. 249–262). New York: Academic Press.
  • Isaacowitz, D. M., & Stanley, J. T. (2011). Bringing an ecological perspective to the study of aging and recognition of emotional facial expressions: Past, current, and future methods. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(4), 261-278. doi:10.1007/s10919-011-0113-6
  • Isaacowitz, D. M., Toner, K., Goren, D., & Wilson, H. R. (2008). Looking while unhappy: Mood-congruent gaze in young adults, positive gaze in older adults. Psychological Science, 19(9), 848–853. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02167.x
  • Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., & Shahly, V. (2010). Age differences in major depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Surveys Replication (NCS-R). Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 225-237. doi:10.1017/S0033291709990213
  • Kunzmann, U., & Isaacowitz, D. (2017). Emotional aging: Taking the immediate context seriously. Research in Human Development, 14(3), 182–199. doi:10.1080/15427609.2017.1340048
  • Kunzmann, U., Little, T. D., & Smith, J. (2000). Is age-related stability of subjective well-being a paradox? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Berlin aging study. Psychology and Aging, 15(3), 511–526. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.511
  • Kurland, B. F., Gill, T. M., Patrick, D. L., Larson, E. B., & Phelan, E. A. (2006). Longitudinal change in positive affect in community‐dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54(12), 1846–1853. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00970.x
  • Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research–recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 213. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213
  • Lawton, M. P. (2001). Emotion in later life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(4), 120–123. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00130
  • Litvack, D. A., Oberlander, T. F., Carney, L. H., & Saul, J. P. (1995). Time and frequency domain methods for heart rate variability analysis: A methodological comparison. Psychophysiology, 32(5), 492–504. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb02101.x
  • Livingstone, K. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2015). Situation selection and modification for emotion regulation in younger and older adults. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(8), 904–910. doi:10.1177/1948550615593148
  • Livingstone, K. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2018). The roles of age and attention in general emotion regulation, reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Psychology and Aging, 33(3), 373–383. doi:10.1037/pag0000240
  • Lohani, M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2014). Age differences in managing response to sadness elicitors using attentional deployment, positive reappraisal and suppression. Cognition & Emotion, 28(4), 678–697. doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.853648
  • Luong, G., & Charles, S. T. (2014). Age differences in affective and cardiovascularresponses to a negative social interaction: The role of goals, appraisals, and emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology, 50(7), 1919–1930. doi:10.1037/a0036621
  • Martins, B., Florjanczyk, J., Jackson, N., Gatz, M., & Mather, M. (2018). Age differences in emotion regulation effort: Pupil response distinguishes reappraisal and distraction for older but not younger adults. Psychology and Aging, 33(2), 338–349. doi:10.1037/pag0000227
  • Mitov, I. P. (1998). A method for assessment and processing of biomedical signals containing trend and periodic components. Medical Engineering & Physics, 20(9), 660–668. doi:10.1016/S1350-4533(98)00077-0
  • Mroczek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998). The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1333–1349. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1333
  • Ng, R., Allore, H. G., Trentalange, M., Monin, J. K., & Levy, B. R. (2015). Increasing negativity of age stereotypes across 200 years: Evidence from a database of 400 million words. PloS One, 10(2), e0117086. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117086
  • Opitz, P. C., Cavanagh, S. R., & Urry, H. L. (2015). Uninstructed emotion regulation choice in four studies of cognitive reappraisal. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 455–464. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.048
  • Opitz, P. C., Rauch, L. C., Terry, D. P., & Urry, H. L. (2012). Prefrontal mediation of age differences in cognitive reappraisal. Neurobiology of Aging, 33(4), 645–655. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.004
  • Overbeek, T. J., van Boxtel, A., & Westerink, J. H. (2012). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia responses to induced emotional states: Effects of RSA indices, emotion induction method, age, and sex. Biological Psychology, 91(1), 128–141. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.05.011
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
  • Reynolds, K., Pietrzak, R. H., El-Gabalawy, R., Mackenzie, C. S., & Sareen, J. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in U.S. older adults: Findings from a nationally respresentative survey. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 74–81. doi:10.1002/wps.20193
  • Riediger, M., Schmiedek, F., Wagner, G. G., & Lindenberger, U. (2009). Seeking pleasure and seeking pain: Differences in prohedonic and contra-hedonic motivation from adolescence to old age. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1529–1535. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02473.x
  • Riediger, M., Wrzus, C., & Wagner, G. G. (2014). Happiness is pleasant, or is it? Implicit representations of affect valence are associated with contrahedonic motivation and mixed affect in daily life. Emotion, 14(5), 950–961. doi:10.1037/a0037711
  • Scheibe, S., English, T., Tsai, J. L., & Carstensen, L. L. (2013). Striving to feel good: Ideal affect, actual affect, and their correspondence across adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 160–171. doi:10.1037/a0030561
  • Scheibe, S., Sheppes, G., & Staudinger, U. M. (2015). Distract or reappraise? Age-related differences in emotion-regulation choice. Emotion, 15(6), 677–681. doi:10.1037/a0039246
  • Schirda, B., Valentine, T. R., Aldao, A., & Prakash, R. S. (2016). Age-related differences in emotion regulation strategies: Examining the role of contextual factors. Developmental Psychology, 52(9), 1370–1380. doi:10.1037/dev0000194
  • Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). Effects of aging on experimentally instructed detached reappraisal, positive reappraisal, and emotional behavior suppression. Psychology and Aging, 24(4), 890–900. doi:10.1037/a0017896
  • Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2012). Turn down the volume or change the channel? Emotional effects of detached versus positive reappraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 416–429. doi:10.1037/a0029208
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Tucker, A. M., Feuerstein, R., Mende-Siedlecki, P., Ochsner, K. N., & Stern, Y. (2012). Double dissociation: Circadian off-peak times increase emotional reactivity; aging impairs emotion regulation via reappraisal. Emotion, 12(5), 869–874. doi:10.1037/a0028207
  • Uchino, B. N., Birmingham, W., & Berg, C. A. (2010). Are older adults less or more physiologically reactive? A meta-analysis of age-related differences in cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory tasks. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(2), 154–162. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp127
  • Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation in older age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 352–357. doi:10.1177/0963721410388395
  • van Reekum, C. M., Johnstone, T., Urry, H. L., Thurow, M. E., Schaefer, H. S., Alexander, A. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2007). Gaze fixations predict brain activation during the voluntary regulation of picture-induced negative affect. Neuroimage, 36(3), 1041–1055. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.052
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • Whitbourne, S. K., & Sneed, J. R. (2002). The paradox of well-being, identity processes, and stereotype threat: Ageism and its potential relationships to the self in later life. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older Persons (pp. 247–273). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Windsor, T. D., & Anstey, K. J. (2010). Age differences in psychosocial predictors of positive and negative affect: A longitudinal investigation of young, midlife, and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 25(3), 641–652. doi:10.1037/a0019431
  • Winecoff, A., LaBar, K. S., Madden, D. J., Cabeza, R., & Huettel, S. A. (2011). Cognitive and neural contributors to emotion regulation in aging. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(2), 165–176. doi:10.1093/scan/nsq030
  • Wrzus, C., Müller, V., Wagner, G. G., Lindenberger, U., & Riediger, M. (2013). Affective and cardiovascular responding to unpleasant events from adolescence to old age: Complexity of events matters. Developmental Psychology, 49(2), 384–397. doi:10.1037/a0028325

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.