References
- Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16(1), 17–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-006-9002-x
- Balconi, M. (2013). Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory and episodic memory processes: Insight through transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. Neuroscience Bulletin, 29(3), 381–389. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1309-z
- Baron, J. (1993). Why teach thinking?-An Essay. Applied Psychology, 42(3), 191–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1993.tb00731.x
- Baron, J. (2019). Actively open-minded thinking in politics. Cognition, 188(1), 8–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.004
- Beitz, K. M., Salthouse, T. A., & Davis, H. P. (2014). Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: From 5 to 89 Years of Age. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1677–1689. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035823
- Costa, D. L. (2005). Causes of improving health and longevity at older ages: A review of the explanations. GENUS, 61(1), 21–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29788834
- Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5
- Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2005). The ability to decide advantageously declines prematurely in some normal older persons. Neuropsychologia, 43(7), 1099–1106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.012
- Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive–experiential and analytical–rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 390–407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.390
- Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: Sage.
- Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Amlien, I., Espeseth, T., Reinvang, I., Raz, N.,Agartz, I., Salat, D., Greve, D. & Fischl, B. (2009). High consistency of regional cortical thinning in aging across multiple samples. Cerebral Cortex, 19(9), 2001–2012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn232
- Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732
- Gazzaley, A., & D’esposito, M. (2007). Top-down modulation and normal aging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1097(1), 67–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1379.010
- Gunning-Dixon, F. M., Brickman, A. M., Cheng, J. C., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2009). Aging of cerebral white matter: A review of MRI findings. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences, 24(2), 109–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2087
- Haran, U., Ritov, I., & Mellers, B. A. (2013). The role of actively open-minded thinking in information acquisition, accuracy, and calibration. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(3), 188–201. https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers/413
- Hartley, A. A., & Little, D. M. (1999). Age-related differences and similarities in dual-task interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128(4), 416–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.4.416
- Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1988). Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 22(1), 193–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60041-9
- Krosnick, J. A., & Alwin, D. F. (1989). Aging and susceptibility to attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 416–425. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.416
- Lara, A. H., & Wallis, J. D. (2015). The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory: A mini review. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 9(1), 173–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00173
- MacPherson, S. E., Phillips, L. H., & Della Sala, S. (2002). Age, executive function and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychology and Aging, 17(4), 598–609. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.17.4.598
- Mamerow, L., Frey, R., & Mata, R. (2016). Risk taking across the life span: A comparison of self-report and behavioral measures of risk taking. Psychology and Aging, 31(7), 711–723. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000124
- Mata, R., Josef, A. K., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., & Hertwig, R. (2011). Age differences in risky choice: A meta-analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235(1), 18–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06200.x
- Mather, M. (2016). The affective neuroscience of aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 67(1), 213–238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033540
- McGillivray, S., Friedman, M. C., & Castel, A. D. (2012). Impact of aging on thinking. In The Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 560–582). New York: Oxford University Press New York
- McPhetres, J., & Pennycook, G. (2019). Science beliefs, political ideology, and cognitive sophistication. https://osf.io/ad9v7
- Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Barr, N., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2014). Cognitive style and religiosity: The role of conflict detection. Memory & Cognition, 42(1), 1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0340-7
- Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Koehler, D., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2019). On the Belief that Beliefs Should Change according to Evidence: Implications for Conspiratorial, Moral, Paranormal, Political, Religious, and Science Beliefs, Judgment and Decision Making, 15(4), 476–498. https://sjdm.org/journal/20/200414/jdm200414.pdf
- Rothmann, S., & Coetzer, E. P. (2003). The big five personality dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v29i1.88
- Rypma, B., & D’Esposito, M. (1999). The roles of prefrontal brain regions in components of working memory: Effects of memory load and individual differences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(11), 6558–6563. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.11.6558
- Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103(3), 403–428. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403
- Sharma, S., Bottom, W. P., & Elfenbein, H. A. (2013). On the role of personality, cognitive ability, and emotional intelligence in predicting negotiation outcomes: A meta-analysis. Organizational Psychology Review, 3(4), 293–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386613505857
- Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1997). Reasoning independently of prior belief and individual differences in actively open-minded thinking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 342–357. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.2.342
- Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2007). Natural myside bias is independent of cognitive ability. Thinking & Reasoning, 13(3), 225–247. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13546780600780796
- Svedholm-Häkkinen, A. M., & Lindeman, M. (2018). Actively open-minded thinking: Development of a shortened scale and disentangling attitudes towards knowledge and people. Thinking & Reasoning, 24(1), 21–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2017.1378723
- Swami, V., Voracek, M., Stieger, S., Tran, U. S., & Furnham, A. (2014). Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories. Cognition, 133(3), 572–585. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.08.006
- Terracciano, A., McCrae, R. R., Brant, L., & Costa, P. (2005). Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the NEO-PI-R scales in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Psychol Aging, 20(3), 493–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.493
- Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2011). The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39(7), 1275–1283. doi:https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1
- Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2014). Rational thinking and cognitive sophistication: Development, cognitive abilities, and thinking dispositions. Developmental Psychology, 50(4), 1037–1048. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034910
- Tranel, D., Bechara, A., & Denburg, N. L. (2002). Asymmetric functional roles of right and left ventromedial prefrontal cortices in social conduct, decision-making, and emotional processing. Cortex, 38(4), 589–612. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70024-8
- Van Emmerik, H., Kooij, D., De Lange, A., Jansen, P., & Dikkers, J. (2008). Older workers’ motivation to continue to work: Five meanings of age. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(4), 364–394. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810869015
- Verhaegen, C., & Poncelet, M. (2013). Changes in naming and semantic abilities with aging from 50 to 90 years. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(2), 119–126. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617712001178
- Weafer, J., Baggott, M. J., & De Wit, H. (2013). Test–retest reliability of behavioral measures of impulsive choice, impulsive action, and inattention. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(6), 475–481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033659
- West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 272–292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.2.272
- Wiesiolek, C. C., Foss, M. P., & Diniz, P. R. B. (2014). Normal aging and decision-making: A systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years. Jornal Brasileiro De Psiquiatria, 63(3), 255–259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000033