References
- Armstrong, A., & Stedman, R. C. (2019). Understanding local environmental concern: The importance of place. Rural Sociology, 81(1), 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12215
- Asada, H., Swank, E., & Goldey, G. T. (2003). The acceptance of a multicultural education among Appalachian College students. Research in Higher Education, 44(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021369629549
- Babaei, A. A., Alavi, N., Goudarzi, G., Teymouri, P., Ahmadi, K., & Rafiee, M. (2015). Household recycling knowledge, attitudes and practices towards solid waste management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 102, 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.06.014
- Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
- Bell, M. M. (2012). An invitation to environmental sociology (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Berenguer, J. (2007). The effect of empathy in proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 39(2), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506292937
- Bernstein, J., & Szuster, B. W. (2019). The new environmental paradigm scale: Reassessing the operationalization of contemporary environmentalism. The Journal of Environmental Education, 50(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2018.1512946
- Blocker, T. J., & Eckberg, D. L. (1997). Gender and environmentalism: Results from the 1993 general social survey. Social Science Quarterly, 78(4), 841–858.
- Bowen, H. R., Clecak, P., Powers Doud, J., & Douglass, G. K. (1977). Investment in learning: The individual and social value of American Higher Education. Jossey-Bas.
- Brehm, J. M., Eisenhauer, B. W., & Krannich, R. S. (2006). Community attachments as predictors of local environmental concern: The case for multiple dimensions of attachment. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(2), 142–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764206290630
- Brennan, L., Binney, W., Aleti, T., & Parker, L. (2014). Why validation is important: An example using the NEP Scales. Market & Social Research, 22(2), 15–31.
- Brody, S. D., Zahran, S., Vedlitz, A., & Grover, H. (2008). Examining the relationship between physical vulnerability and public perceptions of global climate change in the United States. Environment and Behavior, 40(1), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506298800
- Bryant, A. N. (2003). Changes in attitudes toward women’s roles: Predicting dender-role traditionalism among college students. Sex Roles, 48(3–4), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022451205292
- Buchanan, T., & Selmon, N. (2008). Race and gender differences in self-efficacy: Assessing the role of gender role attitudes and family background. Sex Roles, 58(11–12), 822–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9389-3
- Buckingham, S. (2004). Ecofeminism in the twenty-first century. The Geographical Journal, 170(2), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00116.x
- Bullard, R. D. (2000). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality (3rd ed.). Westview Press.
- Cantor, D., Fisher, D., Chibnall, S., Townsend, R., Lee, H., Bruce, C., & Thomas, G. (2015, September 21). Association of American Universities (AAU), Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. Westat: An Employee-Owned Research Corporation. Rockville, Maryland.
- Carter, S. J., Corra, M., & Carter, S. K. (2009). Changing gender-role attitudes,1974–2006. Social Science Quarterly, 90(1), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00611.x
- Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Jones, M. R., & Porter, S. R. (2020). Race and economic opportunity in the United States: An intergenerational perspective*. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 711–783. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz042
- Clarkberg, M., Stolzenberg, R. M., & Waite, L. J. (1995). Attitudes, values, and entrance into cohabitational versus marital unions. Social Forces, 74(2), 609–632. https://doi.org/10.2307/2580494
- Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
- Collins, M. B., Munoz, I., & Jaja, J. (2016). Linking “toxic outliers” to environmental justice communities. Environmental Research Letters, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/015004
- Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. University of California Press.
- Crompton, R., Brockmann, M., & Lyonette, C. (2005). Attitudes, women’s employment and the domestic division of labour: A cross-national analysis in two waves. Work, Employment and Society, 19(2), 213–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017005053168
- Cutler, M. J. (2016). Class, ideology, and severe weather: How the interaction of social and physical factors shape climate change threat perceptions among coastal US residents. Environmental Sociology, 1042(August), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1210842
- David, E., & Enarson, E. (2012). The women of Katrina: How gender, race, and class matter in an American disaster. Vanderbilt University Press.
- Dietz, T., Kalof, L., & Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, values, and environmentalism. Social Science Quarterly, 83(1), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.00088
- Dunlap, R. E. (1975). The impact of political orientation on environmental attitudes and actions. Environment and Behavior, 7(4), 428–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391657500700402
- Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The “New environmental Paradigm”. The Journal of Environmental Education, 9(4), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875
- Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). new trends in measuring environmental attitudes: Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176
- Ergas, C., & York, R. (2012). Women’s status and carbon dioxide emissions: A quantitative cross-national analysis. Social Science Research, 41(4), 965–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.03.008
- Fields, J. (2003, June 2–21). Children’s living arrangements and characteristics: March 2002 (Current Population Reports). U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
- Fletcher, S., Cox, R. S., Scannell, L., Heykoop, C., Tobin-Gurley, J., & Peek, L. (2016). Youth creating disaster recovery and resilience: A Multi-Site Arts-Based Youth Engagement Research Project. Children, Youth and Environments, 26(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.26.1.0148
- Foster, J. B. (2009). The ecological revolution: Making peace with the planet. Monthly Review Press.
- Franzen, A., & Meyer, R. (2010). Environmental attitudes in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of the ISSP 1993 and 2000. European Sociological Review, 26(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp018
- Gelissen, J. (2007). Explaining popular support for environmental protection: A multilevel analysis of 50 nations. Environment and Behavior, 39(3), 392–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506292014
- Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034
- Gurin, P., Nagda, B. A., & Lopez, G. E. (2004). The benefits of diversity in education for democratic citizenship. Journal of Social Issues, 60(1), 1734. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00097.x
- Hamilton, L. C. (2011). Education, politics and opinions about climate change evidence for interaction effects. Climatic Change, 104(2), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9957-8
- Hamilton, L. C., Hartter, J., Lemcke-Stampone, M., Moore, D. W., & Safford, T. G. (2015). Tracking public beliefs about anthropogenic climate change. PLoS ONE, 10(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138208
- Hannibal, B., Liu, X., & Vedlitz, A. (2016). Personal characteristics, local environmental conditions, and individual environmental concern: A multilevel analysis. Environmental Sociology, 2(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1197355
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression approach. Guilford Press.
- Jaccard, J., & Turrisi, R. (2003). Interaction effects in multiple regression (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
- Jia, F., Alisat, S., Soucie, K., & Pratt, M. (2015). Generative concern and environmentalism: A mixed methods longitudinal study of emerging and young adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(5), 306–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815578338
- Jones, R. E., & Rainey, S. A. (2006). Examining linkages between race, environmental concern, health, and justice in a highly polluted community of color. Journal of Black Studies, 36(4), 473–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934705280411
- Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Wittlin, M., Slovic, P., Ouellette, L. L., Braman, D., & Mandel, G. (2012). The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change, 2(10), 732–735. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1547
- Kennedy, E. H. (2016). Environmental evaporation: The invisibility of environmental concern in food system change. Environmental Sociology, 2(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2015.1131599
- Kennedy, E. H., & Kmec, J. (2018). Reinterpreting the gender gap in household pro-environmental behaviour. Environmental Sociology, 4(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2018.1436891
- Kennedy, E. H., Krahn, H., & Krogman, N. T. (2014). Egregious emitters: Disproportionality in household carbon footprints. Environment and Behavior, 46(5), 535–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512474986
- Knight, K. W., & Messer, B. L. (2012). Environmental concern in cross-national perspective: The effects of affluence, environmental degradation, and world society *. Social Science Quarterly, 93(2), 521–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00846.x
- Lee, E. (2008). Environmental attitudes and information sources among African American college students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEE.40.1.29-42
- Leech, T. G. J. (2010). Everything’s better in moderation: Young women’s gender role attitudes and risky sexual behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(5), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.012
- Leombruni, L. V. (2015). How you talk about climate change matters: A communication network perspective on epistemic skepticism and belief strength. Global Environmental Change, 35, 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.08.006
- MacDonald, W. L., & Hara, N. (1994). Gender differences in environmental concern among college students. Sex Roles, 31(5–6), 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544595
- Macias, T. (2016). Environmental risk perception among race and ethnic groups in the United States. Ethnicities, 16(1), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796815575382
- Mandara, J., Murray, C. B., & Joyner, T. N. (2005). The impact of fathers’ absence on African American adolescents’ gender role development. Sex Roles, 5(3–4), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-5679-1
- Marshall, B. K. (2004). Gender, race, and perceived environmental risk: The “White Male” effect in cancer Alley, LA. Sociological Spectrum, 24(4), 453–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170490459485
- Martinho, G., Magalhães, D., & Pires, A. (2017). Consumer behavior with respect to the consumption and recycling of smartphones and tablets: An exploratory study in Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.039
- Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. Viking Press.
- Mayer, A., & Smith, E. K. (2016). Rethinking economic conditions and environmental attitudes: Macroeconomic effects, individual experiences, and subjectivity. Social Currents. 4(4), 342–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329496516670185
- McCright, A. M. (2010). The effects of gender on climate change knowledge and concern in the American public. Population and Environment, 32(1), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0113-1
- McCright, A. M., Charters, M., Dentzman, K., & Dietz, T. (2016). Examining the Effectiveness of Climate Change Frames in the Face of a Climate Change Denial Counter‐Frame. Topics in Cognitive Science, 8(1), 76–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12171
- McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2010). Anti-reflexivity: The American conservative movement’s success in undermining climate science and policy. Theory, Culture & Society, 27(2–3), 100–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409356001
- McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American Public’s views of global warming, 2001–2010. The Sociological Quarterly, 52(2), 155–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x
- Meinhold, J. L., & Malkus, A. J. (2005). Adolescent environmental behaviors: Can knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy make a difference? Environment and Behavior, 37(4), 511–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269665
- Milfont, T. L., & Sibley, C. G. (2016). Empathic and social dominance orientations help explain gender differences in environmentalism: A one-year Bayesian mediation analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.044
- Milnes, T., & Haney, T. J. (2017). ‘There’s always winners and losers’: Traditional masculinity, resource dependence and post-disaster environmental complacency. Environmental Sociology, 3(3), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2017.1295837
- Mobley, C., & Kilbourne, W. (2013). Gender differences in pro-environmental intentions: A cross-national perspective on the influence of self-enhancement values and views on technology. Sociological Inquiry, 83(2), 310–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2012.00431.x
- Mohai, P., & Bryant, B. (1998). Is there a “Race” effect on concern for environmental quality? Public Opinion Quarterly, 62(4), 475–505. https://doi.org/10.1086/297858
- Mueller, J. T., & Mullenbach, L. E. (2018). Looking for a white male effect in generation Z: Race, gender, and political effects on environmental concern and ambivalence. Society & Natural Resources, 31(8), 925–941. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1445331
- Nagel, J. (2015). Gender and climate change: Impacts, science, policy. Routledge.
- Neumayer, E., & Plümper, T. (2007). The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life Expectancy, 1981–2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(3), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x
- Nierman, A. J., Thompson, S. C., Bryan, A., & Mahaffey, A. L. (2007). Gender role beliefs and attitudes toward Lesbians and gay men in Chile and the U.S. Sex Roles, 57(1–2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9197-1
- Norgaard, K., & York, R. (2005). Gender equality and state environmentalism. Gender & Society, 19(4), 506–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243204273612
- Ntanos, S., Kyriakopoulos, G., Skordoulis, M., Chalikias, & Aragatzis, G. (2019). An application of the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) scale in a Greek context. Energies, 12(2), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020239
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- O’Hare, W. P., Pollard, K. M., Mann, T. L., & Kent, M. M. (1991). African Americans in the 1990’s. Population Bulletin, 46 (1). Population Reference Bureau. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED338735
- Orbuch, T. L., & Custer, L. (1995). The social context of married women’s work and its impact on black husbands and white husbands. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(2), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.2307/353687
- Patel, C. J., & Johns, L. (2009). Gender role attitudes and attitudes to abortion: Are there gender differences? The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.02.006
- Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience-an introduction. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.1.0001
- Rhead, R., Elliot, M., & Upham, P. (2018). Using latent class analysis to produce a typology of environmental concern in the UK. Social Science Research, 74(June), 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.06.001
- Sax, L. J., Bryant, A. N., & Harper, C. E. (2005). The differential effects of student-Faculty interaction on college outcomes for women and men. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 642–657. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2005.0067
- Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2013). Personally relevant climate change: The role of place attachment and local versus global message framing in engagement. Environment and Behavior, 45(1), 60–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511421196
- Seyfang, G., & Paavola, J. (2008). Inequality and sustainable consumption: Bridging the gaps. Local Environment, 8(8), 669–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830802475559
- Smith, C. D. (2001). Environmentalism, feminism, and gender. Sociological Inquiry, 71(3), 314–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2001.tb01115.x
- Sorenson, A., & McLanahan, S. (1987). Married women’s economic dependency, 1940–1980. American Journal of Sociology, 93(3), 659–687. https://doi.org/10.1086/228792
- Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The attitudes toward women scale and attitude change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00098.x
- Strandbu, A., & Skogen, K. (2000). Environmentalism among Norwegian youth: Different paths to attitudes and action? Journal of Youth Studies, 3(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/713684371
- Sundström, A., & McCright, A. M. (2014). Gender differences in environmental concern among Swedish citizens and politicians. Environmental Politics, 23(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2014.921462
- Tuck, B., Rolfe, J., & Adair, V. (1994). Adolescents’ attitude toward gender roles within work and its relationship to gender, personality type, and parental occupation. Sex Roles, 31(9–10), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544279
- Van Egmond, M., Baxter, J., Buchler, S., & Western, M. (2010). A stalled revolution? Gender role attitudes in Australia, 1986–2005. Journal of Population Research, 27(3), 147–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-010-9039-9
- Warren, K. J. (1996). “An overview of the issues.” Preface. Ecological feminist philosophies. Indiana University Press.
- Whitley, C. T., Takahashi, B., Zwickle, A., Besley, J. C., & Lertpratchya, A. P. (2018). Sustainability behaviors among college students: An application of the VBN theory. Environmental Education Research, 24(2), 245–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1250151
- Whitmarsh, L., & O’Neill, S. (2010). Green identity, green living? The role of pro-environmental self-identity in determining consistency across diverse pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.003
- Whittaker, M., Segura, G. M., & Bowler, S. (2005). Racial/Ethnic group attitudes toward environmental protection in California: Is “Environmentalism” still a white phenomenon? Political Research Quarterly, 58(3), 435–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290505800306
- Wilson, J., Tyedmers, P., & Spinney, J. E. L. (2013). An exploration of the relationship between socioeconomic and well-being variables and household greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 17(6), 880–891. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12057
- Wray-Lake, L., Flanagan, C. A., & Osgood, D. W. (2010). Examining trends in adolescent environmental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors across three decades. Environment and Behavior, 42(1), 61–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509335163
- Xiao, C., Dunlap, R. E., & Hong, D. (2018). Ecological worldview as the central component of environmental concern: Clarifying the role of the NEP. Society & Natural Resources, 32(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1501529
- Zelezny, L. C., Chua, -P.-P., & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00177
- Zsóka, Á., Szerényi, Z. M., Széchy, A., & Kocsis, T. (2013). Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.030