A Comparison of the Occurrence and Perceived Stress of Major Life Events in Black and White Women

REFERENCES

• Ashing-Giwa , K. T. and Kagawa-Singer , M. 2006 . infusing culture into oncology research on quality of life. . Oncol Nurs Forum , 33 ( 1 Suppl ) : 31 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baird , D. D. , Dunson , D. B. , Hill , M. C. , Cousins , D. and Schectman , J. M. 2003 . High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: Ultrasound evidence . Am J Obstet & Gynecol , 188 : 100 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau , N. , Kessler , R. C. , Chilcoat , H. D. , Schultz , L. R. , Davis , G. C. and Andreski , P. 1998 . Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma . Archives Gen Psych , 55 : 626 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlisle , S. 2001 . Inequalities in health: Contested explanations, shifting discourses and ambiguous policies . Crit Publ Health , 11 : 267 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. , Kessler , R. C. and Underwood-Gordon , L. , eds. 1997 . Measuring Stress: A Guide for Social Scientists Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , H. 2002 . Investigating socio-economic explanations for gender and ethnic inequalities in health . Social Science a Medicine , 54 : 693 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilworth-Anderson , P. , Goodwin , P. Y. and Williams , S. W. 2004 . Can culture help explain the physical health effects of caregiving over time among African American caregivers . J Gerontol Ser B: Psycholog Sci & Soc Sci , 59 : S138 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilworth-Anderson , P. , Williams , I. C. and Gibson , B. E. 2002 . Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980–2000) . Gerontologist , 42 : 237 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohrenwend , B. P. 1969 . Discussion: First aid or euthanasia for psychiatric classification? . Am Psych , 10 : 39 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohrenwend , B. P. 1998 . A psychosocial perspective on the past and future of psychiatric epidemiology . Am J Epidem , 147 : 222 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franko , D. L. , Striegel-Moore , R. H. , Brown , K. M. , Barton , B. A. , McMahon , R. P. , Schreiber , G. B. , Crawford , P. B. and Daniels , S. R. 2004 . Expanding our understanding of the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in black and white adolescent girls . Psycholog Med , 34 : 1319 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fronczek , P. and Johnson , P. 2003 . Occupations 2000: A Census 2000 Brief Retrieved October 6, 2008, from www.census.gov/hhes/www/ioindex/reports.html
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , E. L. and Comstock , G. W. 1980 . Epidemiology of life events: Frequency in general populations . Am J Epidem , 111 : 736 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatch , S. L. and Dohrenwend , B. P. 2007 . Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES and age: A review of the research . Am J Commun Psychol , 40 : 313 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , T. H. and Rahe , R. H. 1967 . The social readjustment rating scale . J Psychosom Res , 11 : 213 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunte , H. and Williams , D. R. 2009 . The association between perceived discrimination and obesity in a population-based multiracial and multiethnic adult sample. . Am J Public Health , 99 ( 7 ) : 1285 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landrine , H. , Klonoff , E. A. , Corral , I. , Fernandez , S. and Roesch , S. 2006 . Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research . J Behav Med , 29 : 79 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu , M. C. and Chen , B. 2004 . Racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth: The role of stressful life events . Am J Obstet & Gynecol , 191 : 691 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossakowski , K. N. 2003 . Coping with perceived discrimination: Does ethnic identity protect mental health . J Health & Soc Behav , 44 : 318 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosnick , C. B. , Small , B. J. , McEvoy , C. L. , Borenstein , A. R. and Mortimer , J. A. 2007 . Negative life events and cognitive performance in a population of older adults . J Aging & Health , 19 : 612 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz , A. , Israel , B. , Williams , D. , Parker , E. , Becker , A. and James , S. 2000 . Social inequalities, stressors and self reported health status among African American and white women in the Detroit metropolitan area . Soc Sci & Med , 51 : 1639 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz , A. J. , Israel , B. A. , Zenk , S. N. , Parker , E. A. , Lichtenstein , R. , Shellman-Weir , S. and Klem Laura , A. B. 2006 . Psychosocial stress and social support as mediators of relationships between income, length of residence and depressive symptoms among African American women on Detroit's eastside . Soc Sci & Med , 62 : 510 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1995 . Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? . J Health & Soc Behav Spec No , : 53 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , V. L. 2002 . Racism: Perceptions of distress among African Americans . Commun Mental Health J , 38 : 111 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , R. J. and Avison , W. R. 2003 . Status variations in stress exposure: Implications for the interpretation of research on race, socioeconomic status, and gender . J Health & Soc Behav , 44 : 488 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , R. J. and Lloyd , D. A. 2004 . Stress burden and the lifetime incidence of psychiatric disorder in young adults: Racial and ethnic contrasts . Archives Gen Psych , 61 : 481 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlenhuth , E. H. and Paykel , E. S. 1973 . Symptom intensity and life events . Archives Gen Psych , 28 : 473 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vines , A. I. , Baird , D. D. , McNeilly , M. , Hertz-Picciotto , I. , Light , K. C. and Stevens , J. 2006 . Social correlates of the chronic stress of perceived racism among Black women . Ethnicity & Disease , 16 : 101 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , J. M. , Scarinci , I. C. , Klesges , R. C. , Slawson , D. and Beech , B. M. 2002 . Race, socioeconomic status, and perceived discrimination among healthy women . J Women's Health & Gender-Based Med , 11 : 441 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , D. and Lawler , K. A. 2001 . Stress and illness in low-income women: The roles of hardiness, John Henryism, and race . Women & Health , 32 : 61 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar