618
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Pelvic floor evaluation in CrossFit® athletes and urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional observational study

, M.D., , M.D., , M.D, Ph.DORCID Icon, , Ph.D, , M.D & , Ph.D
Pages 490-499 | Received 30 Aug 2020, Accepted 03 May 2021, Published online: 16 May 2021

References

  • Abrams, P., L. Cardozo, M. Fall, D. Griffiths, P. Rosier, U. Ulmsten, P. van Kerrebroeck, A. Victor, and A. Wein. 2002. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation sub-committee of the international continence society. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187(1 July):116–26. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.125704.
  • Almeida, M. B. A., A. A. Barra, F. Saltiel, A. L. Silva-Filho, A. M. R. M. Fonseca, and E. M. Figueiredo. 2016. Urinary incontinence and other pelvic floor dysfunctions in female athletes in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 26 (no. 9):1109–16. doi:10.1111/sms.12546.
  • Bø, K. 2004. Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and sport. Sports Medicine 34 (7):451–64. doi:10.2165/00007256-200434070-00004.
  • Bø, K., and J. S. Borgen. 2001. Prevalence of stress and urge urinary incontinence in elite athletes and controls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33 (11):1797–802. doi:10.1097/00005768-200111000-00001.
  • Carvalhais, A., R. Natal Jorge, and K. Bø. 2018. Performing high-level sport is strongly associated with urinary incontinence in elite athletes: A comparative study of 372 elite female athletes and 372 controls. British Journal of Sports Medicine 52 (24):1586–90. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097587.
  • da Roza, T., S. Brandão, D. Oliveira, T. Mascarenhas, M. Parente, J. A. Duarte, and R. N. Jorge. 2015b. Football practice and urinary incontinence: Relation between morphology, function and biomechanics. Journal of Biomechanics 48 (9):1587–92. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.03.013.
  • da Roza, T., S. Brandão, T. Mascarenhas, R. N. Jorge, and J. A. Duarte. 2015a. Urinary incontinence and levels of regular physical exercise in young women. International Journal of Sports Medicine 36 (no. 9):776–80. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1398625.
  • da Silva Borin, L. C. M., F. R. Nunes, and E. C. de Oliveira Guirro. 2013. Assessment of pelvic floor muscle pressure in female athletes. PM and R 5 (3):189–93. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.001.
  • de Araujo, M. P., T. R. Parmigiano, L. G. Della Negra, L. Torelli, C. G. de Carvalho, L. Wo, A. C. A. Manito, M. J. B. C. Girão, and M. G. F. Sartori. 2015. Avaliação Do Assoalho Pélvico de Atletas: Existe Relação Com a Incontinência Urinária Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte 21 (=6):442–46. doi:10.1590/1517-869220152106140065.
  • de Mattos Lourenco, T. R., P. K. Matsuoka, E. C. Baracat, and J. M. Haddad. 2018a. Urinary incontinence in female athletes: A systematic review. International Urogynecology Journal 29 (no. 12):1757–63. doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3629-z.
  • de Mattos Lourenco, T. R., P. K. Matsuoka, E. C. Baracat, and J. M. Haddad. 2018b. Urinary Incontinence in female athletes: A systematic review. International Urogynecology Journal 29 (12 December):1757–63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29552736.
  • Eliasson, K., T. Larsson, and E. Mattsson. 2002. Prevalence of stress incontinence in nullipanous elite trampolinists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 12 (2):106–10. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120207.x.
  • Forner, L. B., E. M. Beckman, and M. D. Smith. 2021. Do women runners report more pelvic floor symptoms than women in CrossFit®? A cross-sectional survey. International Urogynecology Journal 32 (2):295–302. doi:10.1007/s00192-020-04531-x.
  • Fozzatti, C., C. Riccetto, V. Herrmann, M. F. Brancalion, M. Raimondi, C. H. Nascif, L. R. Marques, and P. P. Palma. 2012. Prevalence study of stress urinary incontinence in women who perform high-impact exercises. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 23 (12):1687–91. doi:10.1007/s00192-012-1786-z.
  • Glassman, G. 2007. Understanding crossfit. The Crossfit Journal 56 (56):1–2.
  • Glazer, H. I., and C. R. Hacad. 2012. The glazer protocol: Evidence-based medicine pelvic floor muscle (PFM) surface electromyography (SEMG). Biofeedback 40 (2):75–79. doi:10.5298/1081-5937-40.2.4.
  • Hermens, H. J., B. Freriks, C. Disselhorst-Klug, and G. Rau. 2000. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology?: Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology 10:361–74. doi:10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00027-4.
  • High, R., K. Thai, H. Virani, T. Kuehl, and J. Danford. 2020. Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in female CrossFit athletes. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 26 (8):498–502. doi:10.1097/SPV.0000000000000776.
  • Hill, A., and M. Alappattu. 2017. Quality-of-life outcomes following surface electromyography biofeedback as an adjunct to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence: A case report. Journal of Women’s Health Physical Therapy 41(2 May):73–82. doi:10.1097/JWH.0000000000000065.
  • Jácome, C., D. Oliveira, A. Marques, and P. Sá-Couto. 2011. Prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence among female athletes. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 114 (1):60–63. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.02.004.
  • Klovning, A., K. Avery, and S. Unskaar. 2009. Comparison of two questionnaires for assessing the severity of urinary incontinence: The ICIQ-UI SF versus the incontinence severity index. Neurourology and Urodynamics 28:411–15. doi:10.1002/nau.20674.
  • Kruger, J. A., H. P. Dietz, and B. A. Murphy. 2007. Pelvic Floor function in elite nulliparous athletes. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 30 (1):81–85. doi:10.1002/uog.4027.
  • Laganà, A. S., V. L. La Rosa, A. M. C. Rapisarda, and S. G. Vitale. 2017. Comment on: “Effect on Sexual Function of Patients and Patients” Spouses After Midurethal Sling Procedure for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Prospective Single Center Study”. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 9(1 January):62. doi:10.1111/luts.12164.
  • Laganà, A. S., V. L. La Rosa, A. M. C. Rapisarda, and S. G. Vitale. 2018. Pelvic organ prolapse: The impact on quality of life and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 39 (2):164–66. doi:10.1080/0167482X.2017.1294155.
  • Leitner, M., H. Moser, P. Eichelberger, A. Kuhn, and L. Radlinger. 2017. Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle activity during running in continent and incontinent women: An exploratory study. Neurourology and Urodynamics 36 (6):1570–76. doi:10.1002/nau.23151.
  • Luginbuehl, H., C. Greter, D. Gruenenfelder, J. P. Baeyens, A. Kuhn, and L. Radlinger. 2013. Intra-session test-retest reliability of pelvic floor muscle electromyography during running. International Urogynecology Journal 24 (9):1515–22. doi:10.1007/s00192-012-2034-2.
  • Luginbuehl, H., R. Naeff, A. Zahnd, J. P. Baeyens, A. Kuhn, and L. Radlinger. 2016. Pelvic floor muscle electromyography during different running speeds: An exploratory and reliability study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 293 (no. 1):117–24. doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3816-9.
  • Middlekauff, M. L., M. J. Egger, I. E. Nygaard, and J. M. Shaw. 2016. The impact of acute and chronic strenuous exercise on pelvic floor muscle strength and support in nulliparous healthy women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 215 (3):316.e1–316.e7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.031.
  • Nygaard, I. E., and J. M. Shaw. 2016. Physical activity and the pelvic floor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 214 (2):164–71. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.067.
  • Pardini, R. M., S. Araújo, T. Matsudo, V. Andrade, E. Braggion, G. Andrade, D. Oliveira, L. Figueira Junior, and A. Raso. 2001. Validação Do Questionário Internacional de Nível de Atividade Física (IPAQ - Versão 6): Estudo Piloto Em Adultos Jovens Brasileiros Validation. Rev Brasileira de Ciência E Movimento 9 (3):45–51.
  • Patnaik, S. S., A. S. Laganà, S. G. Vitale, S. Butticè, M. Noventa, S. Gizzo, G. Valenti, A. M. C. Rapisarda, V. L. La Rosa, C. Magno et al. 2017. Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 295 (6 June):1341–59. doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4364-2.
  • Pereira, V. S., H. S. Hirakawa, A. B. Oliveira, and P. Driusso. 2014. Relationship among vaginal palpation, vaginal squeeze pressure, electromyographic and ultrasonographic variables of female pelvic floor muscles. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 18 (5):428–34. doi:10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0038.
  • Poli de Araujo, M., E. De Oliveira, E. V. Monteiro Zucchi, V. Fernandes Moca Trevisani, M. Joao Batista Castello Girao, and M. Gracio Ferreira Sartori. 2008. The relationship between urinary incontinence and eating disorders in female long-distance runners. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 54 (2):146–49. doi:10.1590/s0104-42302008000200018.
  • Resende, A. P. M., M. U. Nakamura, E. A. G. Ferreira, C. D. Petricelli, S. M. Alexandre, and M. R. D. Zanetti. 2011. Eletromiografia de Superfície Para Avaliação Dos Músculos Do Assoalho Pélvico Feminino: Revisão de Literatura. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 18 (3):292–97. doi:10.1590/S1809-29502011000300016.
  • Salvatore, S., M. Serati, R. Laterza, S. Uccella, M. Torella, and P. F. Bolis. 2009. The Impact of urinary stress incontinence in young and middle-age women practising recreational sports activity: An epidemiological study. British Journal of Sports Medicine 43 (14):1115–18. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.049072.
  • Shaw, J. M., and I. E. Nygaard. 2017. Role of chronic exercise on pelvic floor support and function. Current Opinion in Urology 27 (3):257–61. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000390.
  • Tamanini, J. T. N., M. Dambros, C. A. L. D’Ancona, P. C. R. Palma, and N. R. N. Jr. 2004. Validação Para o Português Do “International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form” (ICIQ-SF). Revista de Saúde Pública 38 (3):438–44. doi:10.1590/S0034-89102004000300015.
  • Tayashiki, K., Y. Takai, S. Maeo, and H. Kanehisa. 2015. Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk muscular activities during abdominal bracing and hollowing. International Journal of Sports Medicine 37 (2):134–43. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559771.
  • Torelli, L., Z. I. K. de Jarmy di Bella, C. A. Rodrigues, L. Stüpp, M. J. B. C. Girão, and M. G. F. Sartori. 2016. Effectiveness of adding voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction to a pilates exercise program: An assessor-masked randomized controlled trial. International Urogynecology Journal 27 (11):1743–52. doi:10.1007/s00192-016-3037-1.
  • Vitale, S. G., A. S. Laganà, and A. M. C. Rapisarda. 2016. Letter to the editor: Comment on “simultaneous treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse and stress urinary incontinence by using transobturator four arms polypropylene mesh”. Investigative and Clinical Urology 57(2 March):150–51. doi:10.4111/icu.2016.57.2.150.
  • Vitale, S. G., A. S. Laganà, F. A. Gulino, A. Tropea, and S. Tarda. 2016. Prosthetic surgery versus native tissue repair of cystocele: Literature review. Updates in Surgery 68 (4):325–29. doi:10.1007/s13304-015-0343-y.
  • Vitale, S. G., A. S. Laganà, M. Noventa, P. Giampaolino, B. Zizolfi, S. Butticè, V. L. La Rosa, G. Gullo, and D. Rossetti. 2018. Transvaginal bilateral sacrospinous fixation after second recurrence of vaginal vault prolapse: Efficacy and impact on quality of life and sexuality. BioMed Research International 2018:5727165. doi:10.1155/2018/5727165.
  • Vitale, S. G., V. L. La Rosa, A. M. C. Rapisarda, and A. S. Laganà. 2017. Sexual life in women with stress urinary incontinence. Oman Medical Journal 32(2 March):174–75. doi:10.5001/omj.2017.33.
  • von Elm, E., D. G. Altman, M. Egger, S. J. Pocock, P. C. Gøtzsche, and J. P. Vandenbroucke; STROBE Initiative. 2007. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet (London, England) 370 (9596):1453–57. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X.
  • Wikander, L., M. N. Kirshbaum, and D. Gahreman. 2020. Urinary Incontinence and women crossfit competitors. International Journal of Women’s Health 12:1189. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S278222.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.