233
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese postmenopausal women in Hong Kong

, PhDORCID Icon, , PhD, , PhDORCID Icon, , PhD, , PhD & , PhDORCID Icon
Pages 621-632 | Received 17 Feb 2022, Accepted 05 Jul 2022, Published online: 24 Jul 2022

References

  • Avis, N. E., S. L. Crawford, G. Greendale, J. T. Bromberger, S. A. Everson-Rose, E. B. Gold, R. Hess, H. Joffe, H. M. Kravitz, P. G. Tepper, et al. 2015. Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Internal Medicine 175 (4):531–39. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063.
  • Avis, N. E., S. L. Crawford, and R. Green. 2018. Vasomotor symptoms across the menopause transition: Differences among women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 45 (4):629–40. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.005.
  • Cagnacci, A., M. Cannoletta, F. Palma, M. Bellafronte, C. Romani, and B. Palmieri. 2015. Relation between oxidative stress and climacteric symptoms in early postmenopausal women. Climacteric 18 (4):631–36. doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.999659.
  • Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2020. Hong Kong annual digest of statistics. Last Modified October 30, 2020. Accessed September 16, 2021. https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/EIndexbySubject.html?pcode=B1010003&scode=460
  • Chair, S. Y., Q. Wang, H. Y. Cheng, S. W. Lo, X. M. Li, E. M. Wong, and J. W. Sit. 2017. Relationship between sleep quality and cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese post-menopausal women. BMC Womens Health 17 (1):79. doi:10.1186/s12905-017-0436-5.
  • Chair, S. Y., H. Zou, and X. Cao. 2021a. Effects of exercise therapy for adults with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 36 (1):56–77. doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000713.
  • Chair, S. Y., H. Zou, and X. Cao. 2021b. A systematic review of effects of recorded music listening during exercise on physical activity adherence and health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 64 (2):101447. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.09.011.
  • Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Routledge.
  • Craig, C. L., A. L. Marshall, M. Sjöström, A. E. Bauman, M. L. Booth, B. E. Ainsworth, M. Pratt, U. Ekelund, A. Yngve, J. F. Sallis, et al. 2003. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35(8):1381–95. doi:10.1249/01.Mss.0000078924.61453.Fb.
  • D’-Agostino, R. B., Sr, R. S. Vasan, M. J. Pencina, P. A. Wolf, M. Cobain, J. M. Massaro, and W. B. Kannel. 2008. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: The Framingham heart study. Circulation 117 (6):743–53. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699579.
  • Daley, A., H. Stokes-Lampard, A. Thomas, and C. MacArthur. 2014. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review (11):Cd006108. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006108.pub4.
  • Dam, V., A. J. Dobson, N. C. Onland-Moret, Y. T. van der Schouw, and G. D. Mishra. 2020. Vasomotor menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular disease risk in midlife: A longitudinal study. Maturitas 133:32–41. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.12.011.
  • Deng, H. B., D. J. Macfarlane, G. N. Thomas, X. Q. Lao, C. Q. Jiang, K. K. Cheng, and T. H. Lam. 2008. Reliability and validity of the IPAQ-Chinese: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study. Med Sci Sports Exercise 40 (2):303–07. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b0db5.
  • Dibonaventura, M. D., A. Chandran, M. A. Hsu, and A. Bushmakin. 2013. Burden of vasomotor symptoms in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Int J Women’s Health 5:261–69. doi:10.2147/ijwh.S39027.
  • El Khoudary, S. R., and R. C. Thurston. 2018. Cardiovascular implications of the menopause transition: Endogenous sex hormones and vasomotor symptoms. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 45 (4):641–61. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.006.
  • Franco, O. H., T. Muka, V. Colpani, S. Kunutsor, S. Chowdhury, R. Chowdhury, and M. Kavousi. 2015. Vasomotor symptoms in women and cardiovascular risk markers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 81 (3):353–61. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.04.016.
  • Freedman, R. R. 2014. Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 142:115–20. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.08.010.
  • Gast, G. C. M., V. J. M. Pop, G. N. Samsioe, D. E. Grobbee, P. M. Nilsson, J. J. Keyzer, C. J. M. Wijnands-Van Gent, and Y. T. van der Schouw. 2011. Vasomotor menopausal symptoms are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Menopause 18 (2):146–51. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181f464fb.
  • Greendale, G. A., W. Han, J. S. Finkelstein, S. M. Burnett-Bowie, M. Huang, D. Martin, and A. S. Karlamangla. Changes in regional fat distribution and anthropometric measures across the menopause transition. 2021. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 106 (9):2520–34. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab389.
  • Harlow, S. D., M. Gass, J. E. Hall, R. Lobo, P. Maki, R. W. Rebar, S. Sherman, P. M. Sluss, T. J. de Villiers, and STRAW + 10 Collaborative Group. 2012. Executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop +10: Addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Climacteric 15 (2):105–14. doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.650656.
  • Herber-Gast, G., W. J. Brown, and G. D. Mishra. 2015. Hot flushes and night sweats are associated with coronary heart disease risk in midlife: A longitudinal study. BJOG 122 (11):1560–67. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13163.
  • Hilditch, J. R., J. Lewis, A. Peter, B. van Maris, A. Ross, E. Franssen, G. H. Guyatt, P. G. Norton, and E. Dunn. 1996. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Maturitas 24 (6):161–75. doi:10.1016/0378-5122(96)01038-9.
  • Hu, Z. B., Z. X. Lu, and F. Zhu. 2021. Age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive years and risk of fatal stroke occurrence among Chinese women: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. BMC Womens Health 21 (1):433. doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01579-9.
  • Lee, R. L., and A. J. Loke. 2005. Health-Promoting behaviors and psychosocial well-being of university students in Hong Kong. Public Health Nursing 22 (3):209–20. doi:10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220304.x.
  • Lucà, F., M. G. Abrignani, I. Parrini, S. A. Di Fusco, S. Giubilato, C. M. Rao, L. Piccioni, L. Cipolletta, B. Passaretti, F. Giallauria, et al. 2022. Update on management of cardiovascular diseases in women. Jounal of Clinical Medicine 11 (5):1176. doi:10.3390/jcm11051176.
  • Lv, J., C. Yu, Y. Guo, Z. Bian, L. Yang, Y. Chen, X. Tang, W. Zhang, Y. Qian, Y. Huang, et al. 2017. Adherence to healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese population. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 69(9):1116–25. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.076.
  • Minkin, M. J. 2019. Menopause: Hormones, lifestyle, and optimizing aging. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 46 (3):501–14. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2019.04.008.
  • Mosca, L., E. J. Benjamin, K. Berra, J. L. Bezanson, R. J. Dolor, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, L. K. Newby, I. L. Piña, V. L. Roger, L. J. Shaw et al. 2011. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women–2011 update: A guideline from the American heart association. Circulation. 123(11):1243–62. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8.
  • Muka, T., C. Oliver-Williams, V. Colpani, S. Kunutsor, S. Chowdhury, R. Chowdhury, R. Chowdhury, M. Kavousi, and O. H. Franco. 2016. Association of vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms with risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One 11 (6):e0157417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157417.
  • Nansseu, J. R., V. J. Moor, M. E. Nouaga, B. Zing-Awona, G. Tchanana, and A. Ketcha. 2016. Atherogenic index of plasma and risk of cardiovascular disease among Cameroonian postmenopausal women. Lipids in Health and Disease 15 (1):49. doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0222-7.
  • Nasr, A., K. A. Matthews, M. M. Brooks, D. S. McConnell, T. J. Orchard, J. Billheimer, D. J. Rader, and S. R. El Khoudary. 2020. Vasomotor symptoms and lipids/lipoprotein subclass metrics in midlife women: Does level of endogenous estradiol matter? the SWAN HDL Ancillary Study. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 14 (5):685–94.e682. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.002.
  • North, B. J., and D. A. Sinclair. 2012. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research 110 (8):1097–108. doi:10.1161/circresaha.111.246876.
  • Pinkerton, J. V. 2020. Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women. The New England Journal of Medicine 382 (5):446–55. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1714787.
  • Ra, J. S., H. S. Kim, and Y. H. Jeong. 2019. Associated factors of ischemic heart disease identified among post-menopausal women. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 10 (2):56–63. doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.03.
  • Reed, S. D., J. W. Lampe, C. Qu, G. Gundersen, S. Fuller, W. K. Copeland, and K. M. Newton. 2013. Self-Reported menopausal symptoms in a racially diverse population and soy food consumption. Maturitas 75 (2):152–58. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.03.003.
  • Rosano, G. M., C. Vitale, G. Marazzi, and M. Volterrani. 2007. Menopause and cardiovascular disease: The evidence. Climacteric 10 (Suppl 1):19–24. doi:10.1080/13697130601114917.
  • Schmiegelow, M. D., H. Hedlin, R. H. Mackey, L. W. Martin, M. Z. Vitolins, M. L. Stefanick, M. V. Perez, M. Allison, and M. A. Hlatky. 2015. Race and ethnicity, obesity, metabolic health, and risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Heart Association 4 (5):e001695. doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001695.
  • Sievert, L. L. 2013. Subjective and objective measures of hot flashes. American Journal of Human Biology 25 (5):573–80. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22415.
  • Sturdee, D. W. 2008. The menopausal hot flush–anything new? Maturitas 60 (1):42–49. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.02.006.
  • Szmuilowicz, E. D., J. E. Manson, J. E. Rossouw, B. V. Howard, K. L. Margolis, N. C. Greep, R. G. Brzyski, M. L. Stefanick, M. J. O’-Sullivan, C. Wu, et al. 2011. Vasomotor symptoms and cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 18(6):603–10. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182014849.
  • Thurston, R. C., Y. Chang, E. Barinas-Mitchell, J. R. Jennings, D. P. Landsittel, N. Santoro, R. von Känel, and K. A. Matthews. 2016. Menopausal hot flashes and carotid intima media thickness among midlife women. Stroke 47 (12):2910–15. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.014674.
  • Virani, S. S., A. Alonso, E. J. Benjamin, M. S. Bittencourt, C. W. Callaway, A. P. Carson, A. M. Chamberlain, A. R. Chang, S. Cheng, F. N. Delling, et al. 2020. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 141 (9):e139–e596. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757.
  • Walker, S. N., K. R. Sechrist, and N. J. Pender. 1987. The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research 36 (2):76–81. doi:10.1097/00006199-198703000-00002.
  • Wang, Q., S. Y. Chair, and E. M. L. Wong. 2017. The effects of a lifestyle intervention program on physical outcomes, depression, and quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Cardiology 230:461–67. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.084.
  • Wang, M., W. Gan, C. Kartsonaki, Y. Guo, J. Lv, Z. Chen, L. Li, L. Yang, and M. Yu. 2022. Menopausal status, age at natural menopause and risk of diabetes in China: A 10-year prospective study of 300,000 women. Nutrition & Metabolism 9 (1):7. doi:10.1186/s12986-022-00643-x.
  • Yang, H., F. Cheng, X. Wang, Z. Wen, and C. Zhang. 2005. On clinical application and assessment of menopause-specific quality of life (Chinese version). Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 26 (1):47–50.
  • Zhou, B. F. 2002. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults–study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 15 (1):83–96.
  • Zhu, D., H.-F. Chung, A. J. Dobson, N. Pandeya, G. G. Giles, F. Bruinsma, E. J. Brunner, D. Kuh, R. Hardy, N. E. Avis et al. 2019. Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Public Health. 4(11):e553–e564. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30155-0.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.