An Overview of Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism

REFERENCES

• Archibald F. Lactobacillus plantarum, an organism not requiring iron. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983; 19(1)29–32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter JB, Abeysinghe RD, Marshall L, Hider RC, Singh S. Kinetics of removal and reappearance of non-transferrin-bound plasma iron with deferoxamine therapy. Blood 1996; 88(2)705–713, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans RW, Crawley JW, Joannou C J, Sharma ND. Iron proteins. Iron and Infection. Molecular, Physiological, and Clinical Aspects2nd, JJ Bullen, E Griffiths. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester 1999; 27–86
   Google Scholar
• Crichton R. Inorganic Biochemistry of Iron Metabolism: from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences2nd. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester 2001
   Google Scholar
• McKie AT, Barrow D, Latunde-Dada GO, Rolfs A, Sager G, Mudaly E, Mudaly M, Richardson C, Barlow D, Bomford A, Peters TJ, Raja KB, Shirali S, Hediger MA, Farzaneh F, Simpson RJ. An iron-regulated ferric reductase associated with the absorption of dietary iron. Science 2001; 291(5509)1755–1759, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunshin H, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Gunshin Y, Romero MF, Boron WF, Nussberger S, Gollan JL, Hediger MA. Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter. Nature 1997; 388(6641)482–488, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellier M, Prive G, Belouchi A, Kwan T, Rodrigues V, Chia W, Gros P. Nramp defines a family of membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92(22)10089–10093, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming MD, Romano MA, Su MA, Garrick LM, Garrick MD, Andrews NC. Nramp2 is mutated in the anemic Belgrade (b) rat: evidence of a role for Nramp2 in endosomal iron transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95(3)1148–1153, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKie AT, Marciani P, Rolfs A, Brennan K, Wehr K, Barrow D, Miret S, Bomford A, Peters TJ, Farzaneh F, Hediger MA, Hentze MW, Simpson RJ. A novel duodenal iron-regulated transporter, IREG1, implicated in the basolateral transfer of iron to the circulation. Mol Cell 2000; 5(2)299–309, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan A, Brownlie A, Zhou Y, Shepard J, Pratt SJ, Moynihan J, Paw BH, Drejer A, Barut B, Zapata A, Law TC, Brugnara C, Lux SE, Pinkus GS, Pinkus JL, Kingsley PD, Palis J, Fleming MD, Andrews NC, Zon LI. Positional cloning of zebrafish ferroportin1 identifies a conserved vertebrate iron exporter. Nature 2000; 403(6771)776–781, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abboud S, Haile DJ. A novel mammalian iron-regulated protein involved in intracellular iron metabolism. J Biol Chem 2000; 275(26)19906–19912, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vulpe CD, Kuo YM, Murphy TL, Cowley L, Askwith C, Libina N, Gitschier J, Anderson GJ. Hephaestin, a ceruloplasmin homologue implicated in intestinal iron transport, is defective in the sla mouse. Nature Genet 1999; 21(2)195–199, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Attieh ZK, Su T, Syed BA, Gao H, Alaeddine RM, Fox TC, Usta J, Naylor CE, Evans RW, McKie AT, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD. Hephaestin is a ferroxidase that maintains partial activity in sex-linked anemia mice. Blood 2004; 103(10)3933–3939, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park CH, Valore EV, Waring AJ, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. J Biol Chem 2001; 276(11)7806–7810, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation. Blood 2003; 102(3)783–788, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemeth E, Tuttle MS, Powelson J, Vaughn MB, Donovan A, Ward DM, Ganz T, Kaplan J. Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science 2004; 306(5704)2090–2093, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannerman RM, Cooper RG. Sex-linked anemia: a hypochromic anemia of mice. Science 1966; 151(710)581–582, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannerman RM, Pinkerton PH. X-linked hypochromic anaemia of mice. Br J Haematol 1967; 13(6)1000–1013, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson GJ, Murphy TL, Cowley L, Evans BA, Halliday JW, McLaren GD. Mapping the gene for sex-linked anemia: an inherited defect of intestinal iron absorption in the mouse. Genomics 1998; 48(1)34–39, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazer DM, Vulpe CD, McKie AT, Wilkins SJ, Trinder D, Cleghorn GJ, Anderson GJ. Cloning and gastrointestinal expression of rat hephaestin: relationship to other iron transport proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 281(4)G931–939, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syed BA, Beaumont NJ, Patel A, Naylor CE, Bayele HK, Joannou CL, Rowe PS, Evans RW, Srai SK. Analysis of the human hephaestin gene and protein: comparative modelling of the N-terminus ecto-domain based upon ceruloplasmin. Protein Eng 2002; 15(3)205–214, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klomp LWJ, Gitlin JD. Expression of the ceruloplasmin gene in the human retina and brain: implications for a pathogenic model in aceruloplasminemia. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5(12)1989–1996, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector A, Li D, Ma W, Sun F, Pavlidis P. Differential amplification of gene expression in lens cell lines conditioned to survive peroxide stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43(10)3251–64, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shayeghi M, Latunde-Dada GO, Oakhill JS, Laftah AH, Takeuchi K, Halliday N, Khan Y, Warley A, McCann FE, Hider RC, Frazer DM, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD, Simpson RJ, McKie AT. Identification of an intestinal heme transporter. Cell 2005; 122(5)789–801, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson GJ, Powell LW, Halliday JW. The endocytosis of transferrin by rat intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 1994; 106(2)414–422, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oates PS, Thomas C, Morgan EH. Transferrin receptor activity and localisation in the rat duodenum. Pflügers Archiv 2000; 440(1)116–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson DR, Ponka P. The molecular mechanisms of the metabolism and transport of iron in normal and neoplastic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1331(1)1–40, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunez MT, Gaete V, Watkins JA, Glass J. Mobilization of iron from endocytic vesicles. The effects of acidification and reduction. J Biol Chem 1990; 265(12)6688–6692, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorstensen K, Romslo I. J Biol Chem 1988; 263(18)8844–8850, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing SQ, Trowbridge IS. Identification of the intermolecular disulfide bonds of the human transferrin receptor and its lipid-attachment site. EMBO J 1987; 6(2)327–331, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchegger F, Trowbridge IS, Liu LF, White S, Collawn JF. Functional analysis of human/chicken transferrin receptor chimeras indicates that the carboxy-terminal region is important for ligand binding. Eur J Biochem 1996; 235(1–2)9–17, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feder JN, Penny DM, Irrinki A, Lee VK., Lebron JA, Watson N, Tsuchihashi Z, Sigal E, Bjorkman PJ, Schatzman RC. The hemochromatosis gene product complexes with the transferrin receptor and lowers its affinity for ligand binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95(4)1472–1477, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkkila S, Waheed A, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Zhou XY, Tomatsu S, Fleming RE, Sly WS. Association of the transferrin receptor in human placenta with HFE, the protein defective in hereditary hemochromatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94(24)13198–13202, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebron JA, West AP, Jr, Bjorkman PJ. The hemochromatosis protein HFE competes with transferrin for binding to the transferrin receptor. J Mol Biol 1999; 294(1)239–245, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence CM, Ray S, Babyonyshev M, Galluser R, Borhani DW, Harrison SC. Crystal structure of the ectodomain of human transferrin receptor. Science 1999; 286(5440)779–782, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aisen P. Transferrin receptor 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36(11)2137–2143, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohgo Y, Nishisato T, Kondo H, Tsushima N, Niitsu Y, Urushizaki I. Circulating transferrin receptor in human serum. Br J Haematol 1986; 64(2)277–281, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone RM, Mathew A, Mason AB, Teng K. Exosome formation during maturation of mammalian and avian reticulocytes: evidence that exosome release is a major route for externalization of obsolete membrane proteins. J Cell Physiol 1991; 147(1)27–36, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutledge EA, Green FA, Enns CA. Generation of the soluble transferrin receptor requires cycling through an endosomal compartment. J Biol Chem 1994; 269(50)31864–31868, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone RM. Cleavage of the transferrin receptor by human granulocytes: differential proteolysis of the exosome-bound TFR. J Cell Physiol 1996; 168(2)333–345, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabata H, Yang R, Hirama T, Vuong PT, Kawano S, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP. Molecular cloning of transferrin receptor 2. A new member of the transferrin receptor-like family. J Biol Chem 1999; 274(30)20826–20832, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming RE, Migas MC, Holden CC, Waheed A, Britton RS, Tomatsu S, Bacon BR, Sly WS. Transferrin receptor 2: continued expression in mouse liver in the face of iron overload and in hereditary hemochromatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97(5)2214–2219, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabata H, Germain RS, Vuong PT, Nakamaki T, Said JW, Koeffler HP. Transferrin receptor 2-alpha supports cell growth both in iron-chelated cultured cells and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2000; 275(22)16618–16625, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West AP, Jr, Bennett MJ, Sellers VM, Andrews NC, Enns CA, Bjorkman PJ. Comparison of the interactions of transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor 2 with transferrin and the hereditary hemochromatosis protein HFE. J Biol Chem 2000; 275(49)38135–38138, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrin–a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol Immunol 2003; 40(7)395–405, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alemany R, Rosa Vilá M, Franci C, Egea G, Real FX, Thompson JM. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring of melanotransferrin (p97): apical compartmentalization in intestinal epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 1993; 104(4)1155–1162, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food MR, Rothenberger S, Gabathuler R, Haidl ID, Reid G, Jefferies WA. Transport and expression in human melanomas of a transferrin-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. J Biol Chem 1994; 269(4)3034–3040, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker EN, Baker HM, Smith CA, Stebbins MR, Kahn M, Hellstrõm KE, Hellstrõm I. Melanotransferrin (p97) has only one functional iron-binding site. FEBS Lett 1992; 298(2–3)215–218, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberger S, Food MR, Gabathuler R, Kennard ML, Yamada T, Yashura O, McGeer PL, Jefferies WA. Coincident expression and distribution of melanotransferrin and transferrin receptor in human brain capillary endothelium. Brain Res 1996; 712(1)117–121, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennard ML, Richardson DR, Gabathuler R, Ponka P, Jefferies WA. A novel iron uptake mechanism mediated by GPI-anchored human p97. EMBO J 1995; 14(7)4178–4186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekyere EO, Dunn LL, Yohan R, Richardson DR. Generation of the melanotransferrin knockout mouse: effect on iron metabolism and homeostasis. Proceedings of the First Congress of the International BioIron Society. BioIron 2005, Prague, 2005. Abstract 135
   Google Scholar
• Sargent PJ, Farnaud S, Evans RW. Structure/function overview of proteins involved in iron storage and transport. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12(23)2683–2693, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershko C. A study of the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid using selective radioiron probes of reticuloendothelial and parenchmal iron stores. J Lab Clin Med 1975; 85(6)913–921, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham G, Bates GW, Rachmilewitz EA, Hershko C. Nonspecific serum iron in thalassemia: quantitation and chemical reactivity. Am J Hematol 1979; 6(3)207–217, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutteridge JM, Rowley DA, Griffiths E, Halliwell B. Low-molecular-weight iron complexes and oxygen radical reactions in idiopathic haemochromatosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1985; 68(4)463–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley SJ, Gosriwitana I, Srichairatanakool S, Hider RC, Porter JB. Non-transferrin-bound iron induced by myeloablative chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 1997; 99(2)337–343, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson RJ, Cooper CE, Raja KB, Halliwell B, Evans PJ, Aruoma OI, Singh S, Konijn AM. Non-transferrin-bound iron species in the serum of hypotransferrinaemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1156(1)19–26, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans RW, Rafique R, Zarea A, Cammack R, Barlow DJ, Evans PJ, Porter JB, Hider RC. Nature of non-transferrin-bound iron: studies on iron citrate complexes and thalassemic sera. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005, (submitted)
   Google Scholar