References
- Origa R. β-Thalassemia. Genet Med. 2017;19(6):609–619.
- Weatherall DJ. The definition and epidemiology of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Rev. 2012;26(Suppl 1):S3–S6.
- Nathan DG, Gunn RB. Thalassemia: the consequences of unbalanced hemoglobin synthesis. Am J Med. 1966;41(5):815–830.
- Besler C, Lang D, Urban D, et al. Plasma and cardiac galectin-3 in patients with heart failure reflects both inflammation and fibrosis: implications for its use as a biomarker. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(3):e003804.
- Gujja P, Rosing DR, Tripodi DJ, et al. Iron overload cardiomyopathy: better understanding of an increasing disorder. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(13):1001–1012.
- Kontoghiorghes GJ. Introduction of higher doses of deferasirox: better efficacy but not effective iron removal from the heart and increased risks of serious toxicities. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2010;9(4):633–641.
- Olivieri NF, Buncic JR, Chew E, et al. Visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients receiving subcutaneous deferoxamine infusions. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(14):869–873.
- Oudit GY, Trivieri MG, Khaper N, et al. Role of L-type Ca2+ channels in iron transport and iron-overload cardiomyopathy. J Mol Med (Berl). 2006;84(5):349–364.
- Kumfu S, Khamseekaew J, Palee S, et al. Combined iron chelator and T-type calcium channel blocker exerts greater efficacy on cardioprotection than monotherapy in iron-overload thalassemic mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018;822:43–50.
- Khaled A, Salem HA, Ezzat DA, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of amlodipine on myocardial iron deposition in pediatric patients with thalassemia major. Drug Des Dev Ther. 2019;13:2427–2436.
- Sadaf A, Hasan B, Das JK, et al. Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(7):CD011626.
- Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, et al. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester (West Sussex, UK): Wiley; 2011.
- Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22(4):719–748.
- Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–560.
- Eghbali A, Kazemi H, Taherahmadi H, et al. A randomized, controlled study evaluating effects of amlodipine addition to chelators to reduce iron loading in patients with thalassemia major. Eur J Haematol. 2017;99(6):577–581.
- Fernandes JL, Loggetto SR, Veríssimo MPA, et al. A randomized trial of amlodipine in addition to standard chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia major. Blood. 2016;128(12):1555–1561.
- Fernandes JL, Sampaio EF, Fertrin K, et al. Amlodipine reduces cardiac iron overload in patients with thalassemia major: a pilot trial. Am J Med. 2013;126(9):834–837.
- El-Haggar SM, El-Shanshory MR, El-Shafey RA, et al. Decreasing cardiac iron overload with Amlodipine and Spirulina in children with β-thalassemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol J. 2018;3(3):64–69.
- Pennell DJ, Udelson JE, Arai AE, et al. American Heart Association Committee on Heart Failure and Transplantation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Imaging. Cardiovascular function and treatment in β-thalassemia major: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;128(3):281–308.
- Wongjaikam S, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, et al. Current and future treatment strategies for iron overload cardiomyopathy. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;765:86–93.
- Park H-W, Lee JH. Calcium channel blockers as potential therapeutics for obesity-associated autophagy defects and fatty liver pathologies. Autophagy. 2014;10(12):2385–2386.
- Ludwiczek S, Theurl I, Muckenthaler MU, et al. Ca2+ channel blockers reverse iron overload by a new mechanism via divalent metal transporter-1. Nat Med. 2007;13(4):448–454.
- Soltanpour MS, Davari K. The correlation of cardiac and hepatic hemosiderosis as measured by T2* MRI technique with ferritin levels and hemochromatosis gene mutations in Iranian patients with beta-thalassemia major. Oman Med J. 2018;33(1):48–54.
- Ramazzotti A, Pepe A, Positano V, et al. Standardized T2* map of a normal human heart to correct T2* segmental artefacts; myocardial iron overload and fibrosis in thalassemia intermedia versus thalassemia major patients and electrocardiogram changes in thalassemia major patients. Hemoglobin. 2008;32(1–2):97–107.
- Flynn JT. Efficacy and safety of prolonged amlodipine treatment in hypertensive children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2005;20(5):631–635.