Chronic Hemolysis May Adversely Affect Skeletal Health. A Cross-Sectional Study of a Pediatric Population

References

• Vichinsky EP. Clinical manifestations of α-thalassemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013;3(5):a011742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherall DJ. The definition and epidemiology of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Blood Rev. 2012;26(Suppl 1):S3–S6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong P, Fuller PJ, Gillespie MT, et al. Bone disease in thalassemia: a molecular and clinical overview. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(4):320–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher PG. Abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(6):1349–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güngör A, Yaralı N, Fettah A, et al. Hereditary spherocytosis: retrospective evaluation of 65 children. Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60(3):264–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiotis D, Tsiftis G, Hatzisymeaon M, et al. Height and weight in subjects of Hellenic origin aged 0-18 years (2000-2001): comparison to a previous study of 1978-1979. Ann Clin Ped Univ Atheniensis. 2003;350:136–155.
   Google Scholar
• Crabtree NJ, Arabi A, Bachrach LK, et al. International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry interpretation and reporting in children and adolescents: the revised 2013 ISCD pediatric official positions. J Clin Densitom. 2014;17(2):225–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doulgeraki A, Skarpalezou A, Theodosiadou A, et al. Body composition profile of young patients with phenylketonuria and mild hyperphenylalaninemia. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;12(3):e16061.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fung EB, Xu Y, Trachtenberg F, et al. Inadequate dietary intake in patients with thalassemia. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(7):980–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogiatzi MG, Macklin EA, Trachtenberg FL, et al., Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Differences in the prevalence of growth, endocrine and vitamin D abnormalities among the various thalassaemia syndromes in North America. Br J Haematol. 2009;146(5):546–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adekile AD, Azab AF, Al-Sharida SI, et al. Clinical and molecular characteristics of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia in Kuwait. Hemoglobin. 2015;39(5):320–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sanctis V, Tangerini A, Testa MR, et al. Final height and endocrine function in thalassaemia intermedia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1998;11(Suppl 3):965–971.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lal A, Goldrich ML, Haines DA, et al. Heterogeneity of hemoglobin H disease in childhood. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(8):710–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laosombat V, Viprakasit V, Chotsampancharoen T, et al. Clinical features and molecular analysis in Thai patients with HbH disease. Ann Hematol. 2009;88(12):1185–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin P-C, Chang T-T, Liao Y-M, et al. Clinical features and genotypes of patients with Hemoglobin H disease in Taiwan. Lab Med. 2019;50(2):168–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das A, Bansal D, Trehan A, et al. Growth failure in hereditary spherocytosis and the effect of splenectomy. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54(7):563–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarei T, Haghpanah S, Parand S, et al. Evaluation of bone mineral density in patients with hemoglobin H disease. Ann Hematol. 2016;95(8):1329–1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schündeln MM, Goretzki SC, Hauffa PK, et al. Impairment of bone health in pediatric patients with hemolytic anemia. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e108400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau R, Malu DT, Dumais M, et al. Alterations in bone and erythropoiesis in hemolytic anemia: comparative study in bled, phenylhydrazine-treated and Plasmodium-infected mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dede AD, Trovas G, Chronopoulos E, et al. Thalassemia-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review on treatment and brief overview of the disease. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(12):3409–3425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldini M, Marcon A, Cassin R, et al. Beta-Thalassaemia intermedia: evaluation of endocrine and bone complications. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:174581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong P, Fuller PJ, Gillespie MT, et al. Thalassemia bone disease: the association between nephrolithiasis, bone mineral density and fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(7):1965–1971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angastiniotis M, Eleftheriou A. Thalassaemic bone disease: an overview. Ped Endocrinol Rev. 2008;6(Suppl 1):73–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inati A, Noureldine MHA, Mansour A, et al. Endocrine and bone complications in β-thalassemia intermedia: current understanding and treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:813098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y-G, Lu C-S, Lin T-Y, et al. Risk of fracture in transfusion-naïve thalassemia population: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Bone. 2018;106:121–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid IR, et al. Overview of pathogenesis. In: Rosen CJ, Bouillon R, Compston JE, editors. Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 8th ed. [eBook]. Hoboken (NJ, USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013:357–360.
   Google Scholar
• Piga A. Impact of bone disease and pain in thalassemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2017;2017(1):272–277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haines D, Martin M, Carson S, et al. Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Pain in thalassaemia: the effects of age on pain frequency and severity. Br J Haematol. 2013;160(5):680–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogiatzi MG, Macklin EA, Fung EB, et al. Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Bone disease in thalassemia: a frequent and still unresolved problem. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(3):543–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhardwaj A, Swe KMM, Sinha NK, et al. Treatment for osteoporosis in people with ß-thalassaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD010429.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haidar R, Mhaidli H, Taher AT. Paraspinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Eur Spine J. 2010;19(6):871–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogiatzi MG, Macklin EA, Fung EB, et al. Prevalence of fractures among the thalassemia syndromes in North America. Bone. 2006;38(4):571–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enli Y, Balci YI, Gönen C, et al. Adipocytokine concentrations in children with different types of beta-thalassemia. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2014;74(4):306–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesur M, Temiz F, Acıpayam C, et al. Disordered bone metabolism in hereditary spherocytosis patients. Hematology. 2019;24(1):276–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voskaridou E, Terpos E. New insights into the pathophysiology and management of osteoporosis in patients with beta thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004;127(2):127–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delmas PD, Eastell R, Garnero P, et al. Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. 2000;11(Suppl 6):S2–17.
   Google Scholar
• Taher A, Vichinsky E, Musallam K, et al. Guidelines for the management of non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (NTDT). Thalassaemia International Federation. No. 19, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Morabito N, Gaudio A, Lasco A, et al. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL in the pathogenesis of thalassemia-induced osteoporosis: new pieces of the puzzle. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(5):722–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn CT, Johnson VL, Kim HY, et al. Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Renal dysfunction in patients with thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 2011;153(1):111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dresner Pollak R, Rachmilewitz E, Blumenfeld A, et al. Bone mineral metabolism in adults with beta-thalassaemia major and intermedia. Br J Haematol. 2000;111(3):902–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar