560
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
FEATURE

Correlation and Causation in Fisheries and Watershed Management

Correlación y causalidad en pesquerías y manejo de cuencas hidrográficas

Corrélation et Causalité entre la Pêche et la Gestion des Bassins-versants

REFERENCES

  • Berkson, J. 1960. Smoking and cancer of the lung. Proceedings of the Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic 35:367–385.
  • Burney, L. E. 1959. Smoking and lung cancer—a statement of the Public-Health Service. Journal of the American Medical Association 171:1829–1837.
  • Christensen, V., and C. Walters. 2004. Ecopath with Ecosim: methods capabilities and limitations. Ecological Modeling 172:109–139.
  • Doll, R., and A. B. Hill. 1950. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung—preliminary report. British Medical Journal 2:739–748.
  • Eggers, D. M., and D. E. Rogers. 1987. The cycle of runs of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to the Kvichak River, Bristol Bay, Alaska: cyclic dominance or depensatory fishing? Canadian Special Publication in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 96: 343–366.
  • Fisher, R. A. 1957. Dangers of cigarette-smoking. British Medical Journal 2:297–298.
  • Fulton, E. A., A. D. M. Smith, and A. E. Punt. 2005. Which ecological indicators can robustly detect effects of fishing? ICES Journal of Marine Science 62:540–551.
  • Gilbert, D. J. 1997. Towards a new recruitment paradigm for fish stocks. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:969–977.
  • Glaser, S. M., H. Ye, M. Maunder, A. MacCall, M. Fogarty, and G. Sugihara. 2011. Detecting and forecasting complex nonlinear dynamics in spatially structured catch-per-unit-effort time series for North Pacific Albacore (Thunnus alalunga). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:400–412.
  • Grady, D., S. M. Rubin, D. B. Petitti, C. S. Fox, D. Black, B. Ettinger, V. L. Ernster, and S. R. Cummings. 1992. Hormone-therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Annals of Internal Medicine 117:1016–1037.
  • Hilborn, R., and M. Mangel. 1997. The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Hill, A. B. 1965. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58:295–300.
  • Holland, P. W. 1986. Statistics and causal inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association 81:945–960.
  • Hulley, S., D. Grady, T. Bush, C. Furberg, D. Herrington, B. Riggs, E. Vittinghoff. 1998. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association 280:605–613.
  • Lawlor, D. A., G. D. Smith, and S. Ebrahim. 2004a. Commentary: the hormone replacement–coronary heart disease conundrum: is this the death of observational epidemiology? International Journal of Epidemiology 33:464–467.
  • Lawlor, D. A., G. D. Smith, and S. Ebrahim. 2004b. Socioeconomic position and hormone replacement therapy use: explaining the discrepancy in evidence from observational and randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Public Health 94:2149–2154.
  • Meretsky, V. J., D. L. Wegner, and L. E. Stevens. 2000. Balancing endangered species and ecosystems: a case study of adaptive management in Grand Canyon. Environmental Management 25:579–586.
  • Miller, E. C., and J. A. Miller. 1981. Searches for ultimate chemical carcinogens and their reactions with cellular macromolecules. Cancer 47:2327–2345.
  • Myers, R. A. 1998. When do environment–recruitment correlations work? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 8:285–305.
  • Myers, R. A., A. A. Rosenberg, P. M. Mace, N. Barrowman, and V. R. Restrepo. 1994. In search of thresholds for recruitment overfishing. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51:191–205.
  • Plowright, R. K., S. H. Sokolow, M. E. Gorman, P. Daszak, and J. E. Foley. 2008. Causal inference in disease ecology: investigating ecological drivers of disease emergence. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6:420–429.
  • Ricker, W. E. 1954. Stock and recruitment. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 11:559–623.
  • Rubin, D. B. 1974. Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology 66:688–701.
  • Schindler, D. E., and R. Hilborn. 2015. Prediction, precaution, and policy under global change. Science 347:953–954.
  • Shepherd, J. G., J. G. Pope, and R. D. Cousens. 1984. Variations in fish stocks and hypotheses concerning their links with climates. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 185:255–267.
  • Sugihara, G., J. Beddington, C. H. Hsieh, E. Deyle, M. Fogarty, S. M. Glaser, R. Hewitt, A. Hollowed, R. M. May, S. B. Munch, C. Perretti, A. A. Rosenberg, S. Sandin, and H. Ye. 2011. Are exploited fish populations stable? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108:E1224–E1225.
  • Szuwalski, C. S., K. A. Vert-pre, A. E. Punt, T. A. Branch, and R. Hilborn. 2015. Examining common assumptions about recruitment: a meta-analysis of recruitment dynamics for worldwide marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 16(4): 633–648. DOI: 10.1111/faf.120831.
  • Talbot, J. 1959. Smoking and lung cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 171: 2104.
  • Walters, C. J. 1986. Adaptive management of renewable resources. Macmillian Publishing Co., New York.
  • Walters, C. J. 1997. Challenges in adaptive management of riparian and coastal ecosystems. Conservation Ecology [online serial] 1(2). DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.04.027
  • Walters, C. J., R. D. Goruk, and D. Radford. 1993. Rivers Inlet sockeye salmon: an experiment in adaptive management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13(2):253–262.
  • Walters, C. J., and R. Hilborn. 1976. Adaptive control of fishing systems. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33:145–159.
  • Walters, C. J., J. Korman, L. E. Stevens, and B. Gold. 2000. Ecosystem modeling for evaluation of adaptive management policies in the Grand Canyon. Conservation Ecology [online serial] 4(2):1. www.consecol.org/vol4/iss2/art1/
  • White, C. 1990. Research on smoking and lung-cancer—a landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 63:29–46.
  • Wilson, R. A. 1966. Feminine forever. M. Evans, New York. AFS

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.