Teacher communication activities relevant to student motivation: Classroom facework and instructional communication competence

References

• Ames , C. 1992 . Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation . Journal of Educational Psychology , 84 : 261 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter , L. A. 1984 . An investigation of compliance‐gaining as politeness . Human Communication Research , 10 : 427 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt , M. and Kohlberg , L. 1975 . The effects of classroom moral discussion upon children's level of moral judgement . Journal of Moral Education , 4 : 129 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , J. G. and Brooks , M. G. 1993 . In search of understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms , Alexandria, VA : Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development .
   Google Scholar
• Brophy , J. 1981 . Teacher praise: A functional analysis . Review of Educational Research , 51 : 5 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , P. and Levinson , S. 1987 . Politeness: Some universals in language usage , Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Christophel , D. M. 1990 . The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviors, student motivation, and learning . Communication Education , 39 : 323 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford , M. M. 1991 . Risk taking: Theoretical, empirical, and educational considerations . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 263 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , H. 1994 . The history of speech communication: The emergence of a discipline, 1914–1945 , Annandale, VA : Speech Communication Association .
   Google Scholar
• Cupach , W. R. and Imabori , T. T. 1993 . “ Identity management theory: Communication competence in intercultural episodes and relationships ” . In Intercultural communication competence , Edited by: Wiseman , R. L. and Koester , J. 112 – 131 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. , Eghrari , H. , Patrick , B. C. and Leone , D. R. 1994 . Facilitating intemalization: The self‐determination theory perspective . Journal of Personality , 62 : 119 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 1985 . Intrinsic motivation and self‐determination in human behavior , New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. , Ryan , R. M. and Williams , G. C. 1996 . Need satisfaction and the self‐regulation of learning . Learning and Individual Differences , 8 : 165 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. , Vallerand , R. J. , Pelletier , L. G. and Ryan , R. M. 1991 . Motivation and education: The self‐determination perspective . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 325 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deetz , S. A. 1992 . Democracy in an age of corporate colonization , Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dewey , J. 1938 . Experience and education , New York : Collier Books .
   Google Scholar
• Dreikurs , R. , Grunwald , B. B. and Pepper , F. C. 1983 . Maintaining sanity in the classroom , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , F. 1986 . “ Qualitative methods in research on teaching ” . In Handbook of research on teaching , (3rd ed.) , Edited by: Wittrock , M. C. 119 – 161 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Fenstermacher , G. D. 1979 . “ A philosophical consideration of recent research on teacher effectiveness ” . In Review of research in education , Edited by: Shulman , L. S. Vol. 6 , 157 – 185 . Itasca, IL : F. E. Peacock .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. and Houser , M. L. 2000 . The teacher‐student relationship as an interpersonal relationship . Communication Education , 49 : 207 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. , Shulman , G. M. and Houser , M. 1996 . Assessment of the learner empowerment measure . Communication Education , 45 : 181 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroux , H. A. 1988 . Teachers as intellectuals: Towards critical pedagogy of learning , Granby, MA : Bergin and Garvey .
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. G. and Strauss , A. L. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research , Chicago : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Goetz , J. P. and LeCompte , M. D. 1981 . Ethnographic research and the problem of data reduction . Anthropology and Education Quarterly , 12 : 51 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1955 . On face‐work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction . Psychiatry , 18 : 213 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1967 . Interaction ritual: Essays on face‐to‐face behavior , Garden City, NY : Anchor & Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Goodlad , J. I. 1984 . A place called school: Prospects for the future , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Gorham , J. 1988 . The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behaviors and student learning . Communication Education , 37 : 40 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grolnick , W. S. and Ryan , R. M. 1987 . Autonomy in children's learning: An experimental and individual difference investigation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 890 – 898 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grolnick , W. S. and Ryan , R. M. 1989 . Parent styles associated with children's self‐regulation and competence in school . Journal of Educational Psychology , 81 : 143 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman , P. L. , Wilson , S. M. and Shulman , L. S. 1989 . “ Teachers of substance: Subject matter knowledge for teaching ” . In Knowledge base for the beginning teacher , Edited by: Reynolds , M. C. 23 – 36 . Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hatch , J. A. 1987 . Impression management in kindergarten classrooms: An analysis of children's face‐work in peer interactions . Anthropology and Education Quarterly , 18 : 100 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt , S. L. and Staton , A. Q. 1996 . The communication of educational reform: A nation at risk . Communication Education , 45 : 271 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hymes , D. 1972 . “ Models of the interaction of language and social life ” . In Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication , Edited by: Gumperz , J.J. and Hymes , D. 35 – 71 . New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. W. and Johnson , R. 1985 . Classroom conflict: Controversy over debate in learning groups . American Educational Research Journal , 22 : 237 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , D. H. and Gorham , J. 1988 . Effects of immediacy on recall of information . Communication Education , 37 : 198 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerlinger , F. N. 1973 . Foundations of behavioral research , (2nd ed.) , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Kerssen‐Griep , J. Classroom communication, willingness to be influenced, and learning: An exploratory interpretive study . Paper presented at the meeting of the Speech Communication Association . San Diego, CA. November .
   Google Scholar
• Kerssen‐Griep , J. D. 1997 . Teacher communication and student motivation to learn: Competence as classroom facework (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 1997) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 58 (12A) : 4495 – 4689 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohn , A. 1993 . Punished by rewards: The trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A's, praise, and other bribes , Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Kreisberg , S. 1992 . Educating for democracy and community: Toward the transformation of power in our schools , Cambridge, MA : Educators for Social Responsibility .
   Google Scholar
• LeCompte , M. D. and Goetz , J. P. 1982 . Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research . Review of Educational Research , 52 : 31 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeCompte , M. D. and Preissle , J. 1993 . Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research , (2nd ed.) , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lepper , M. R. and Greene , D. 1978 . The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Lim , T. and Bowers , J. W. 1991 . Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact . Human Communication Research , 17 : 415 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln , Y. and Guba , E. G. 1985 . Naturalistic inquiry , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. , Richmond , V. P. , Plax , T. G. and Kearney , P. 1985 . Power in the classroom V: Behavior alteration techniques, communication training and learning . Communication Education , 34 : 214 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , H. J. 1994 . From negation to negotiation: Moving away from the management metaphor . Action in Teacher Education , 16 : 75 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• McNeil , L. M. 1988 . Contradictions of control , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1967 . Attitudes inferred from nonimmediacy of verbal communication . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 6 : 294 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. B. and Huberman , A. M. 1984 . Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• National Commission on Excellence in Education . 1983 . A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls , J. G. 1989 . The competitive ethos and democratic education , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nolen , S. B. 1988 . Reasons for studying: Motivational orientations and study strategies . Cognition and Instruction , 5 : 269 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen , S. B. 1995 . “ Teaching for autonomous learning ” . In An introduction to teaching: Psychological perspectives , Edited by: Desforges , C. 197 – 215 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Nolen , S. B. and Haladyna , T. M. 1990 . Personal and environmental influences on students’ beliefs about effective study strategies . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 15 : 116 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , W. C. 1996a . “ Curriculum for democracy ” . In Democracy, education, and the schools , Edited by: Soder , R. 182 – 210 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , W. C. 1996b . “ Introduction: Schools as laboratories of democracy ” . In Educating the democratic mind , Edited by: Parker , W. C. 1 – 22 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Philipsen , G. 1982 . The qualitative case study as a strategy in communication inquiry . The Communicator , 12 : 4 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Pintrich , P. R. 1991 . Editor's comment . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 199 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pintrich , P. R. and DeGroot , E. V. 1990 . Motivational and self‐regulated . learning. Journal of Educational Psychology , 82 : 33 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plax , T. G. , Kearney , P. , McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1986 . Power in the classroom VI: Verbal control strategies, nonverbal immediacy and affective learning . Communication Education , 35 : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond , V. P. 1990 . Communication in the classroom: Power and motivation . Communication Education , 39 : 181 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond , V. P. , Gorham , J. S. and McCroskey , J. C. 1987 . “ The relationship between selected immediacy behaviors and cognitive learning ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: McLaughlin , M. Vol. 10 , 574 – 590 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rigby , C. S. , Deci , E. L. , Patrick , B. C. and Ryan , R. M. 1992 . Beyond the intrinsic‐extrinsic dichotomy: Self‐determination in motivation and learning . Motivation and Emotion , 16 : 165 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , R. M. 1982 . Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 43 : 450 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiefele , U. 1991 . Interest, learning, and motivation . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 299 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spindler , G. and Spindler , L. 1998 . “ Foreword ” . In Adolescents’ worlds: Negotiating family, peers, and school , Edited by: Phelan , P. , Davidson , A. L. and Yu , H. C. vii – x . New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Spradley , J. P. 1979 . The ethnographic interview , New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Sprague , J. Problematzing power in the classroom: Applying the critical perspective to a significant issue in instructional communication . Paper presented at the meeting of the Western States Communication Association . Sacramento, CA. February .
   Google Scholar
• Sprague , J. 1992a . Expanding the research agenda for instructional communication: Raising some unasked questions . Communication Education , 41 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprague , J. 1992b . Critical perspectives on teacher empowerment . Communication Education , 41 : 181 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprague , J. 1994 . Ontology, politics, and instructional communication research: Why we can't just “agree to disagree”; about power . Communication Education , 43 : 273 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staton , A. Q. 1990 . Communication and student socialization , Norwood, NJ : Ablex Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Thorkildsen , T. A. and Nicholls , J. G. 1991 . Students’ critiques as motivation . Educational Psychologist , 26 : 347 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy , K. 1990 . “ The many faces of facework ” . In Handbook of language and social psychology , Edited by: Giles , H. and Robinson , W. P. New York : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Trees , A. and Manusov , V. 1998 . Managing face concerns in criticism: Integrating nonverbal behaviors as a dimension of politeness in female friendship dyads . Human Communication Research , 24 : 564 – 583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watzwalick , P. , Beavin , J. H. and Jackson , D. D. 1967 . Pragmatics of human communication: A study of interaction patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , J. T. 1998 . Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman , M. , Porac , J. , Lathin , D. , Smith , R. and Deci , E. L. 1978 . On the importance of self‐determination for intrinsically motivated behavior . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 4 : 443 – 446 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar