1,036
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Resolving International Teaching Assistant Language Inadequacy through Dialogue: Challenges and Opportunities for Clarity and Credibility

Pages 461-478 | Received 18 Sep 2010, Accepted 17 Feb 2011, Published online: 19 Sep 2011

References

  • Andersen , J.F. , Norton , R.W. and Nussbaum , J.F. 1981 . Three investigations exploring relationships between perceived teacher communication behaviors and student learning . Communication Education , 30 : 377 – 392 .
  • Andersson , T. 1973 . Children's learning of a second language: Another view . Modern Language Journal , 57 : 254 – 259 .
  • Bailey , K. 1983 . Foreign teaching assistants at U.S. universities: Problems in interaction and communication . TESOL Quarterly , 17 : 308 – 310 .
  • Bakhtin , M.M. 1981 . The dialogic imagination , Austin, TX : University of Texas Press .
  • Banfield , S.R. , Richmond , V.P. and McCroskey , J.C. 2006 . The effect of teacher misbehaviors on teacher credibility and affect for the teacher . Communication Education , 55 : 63 – 72 .
  • Brandl , K.K. 2000 . Foreign language TAs’ perception of training components: Do we know how they like to be trained? . Modern Language Journal , 84 : 355 – 371 .
  • Bruner , J.S. 1960/1977 . The process of education . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Buber , M. 1970 . I and thou , New York : Touchstone .
  • Buerkel-Rothfuss , N. and Gray , P. 1990 . Graduate teaching assistant training in speech communication and noncommunication departments: A national survey . Communication Education , 39 : 292 – 307 .
  • Carrell , L.J. and Menzel , K.E. 2001 . Variations in learning, motivation, and perceived immediacy between live and distance education classrooms . Communication Education , 50 : 230 – 240 .
  • Cayanus , J. and Martin , M. 2004 . An instructor self-disclosure scale . Communication Research Reports , 21 : 252 – 263 .
  • Cayanus , J. and Martin , M. 2008 . Teacher self-disclosure: Amount, relevance, and negativity . Communication Quarterly , 56 : 325 – 341 .
  • Chesebro , J.L. 2003 . Effects of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy on student learning, receiver apprehension, and affect . Communication Education , 52 : 135 – 147 .
  • Chesebro , J.L. and McCroskey , J.C. 1998 . The relationship of teacher clarity and teacher immediacy with students’ experiences of state receiver apprehension . Communication Quarterly , 46 : 446 – 456 .
  • Chesebro , J.L. and McCroskey , J.C. 2001 . The relationship between teacher clarity and immediacy and student affect and cognitive learning . Communication Education , 50 : 59 – 68 .
  • Civikly , J.M. 1986 . “ Humor and the enjoyment of college teaching ” . In Communicating in college classrooms , Edited by: Civikly , J. 61 – 70 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Civikly , J.M. 1992 . Clarity: Teacher and students making sense of instruction . Communication Education , 41 : 138 – 152 .
  • Clayton , M. 2000 . Foreign teaching assistants’ first test: The accent . Christian Science Monitor , 92 : 14
  • Comadena , M.E. , Hunt , S.K. and Simonds , C.J. 2007 . The effects of teacher clarity, nonverbal immediacy, and caring on student motivation, affective and cognitive learning . Communication Research Reports , 24 : 241 – 248 .
  • Council of Graduate Schools . 2008 . 2007 graduate enrollment and degrees reports . Retrieved from http://www.cgsnet.org/portals/0/pdf/R_ED2007.pdf
  • Downs , V.C. , Javidi , M. and Nussbaum , J.F. 1988 . An analysis of teacher's verbal communication within the college classroom: Use of humor, self-disclosure, and narratives . Communication Education , 37 : 127 – 141 .
  • Ervin-Tripp , S.M. 1974 . Is second language learning like the first . TESOL Quarterly , 8 : 111 – 127 .
  • Finn , A.N. , Schrodt , P. , Witt , P.L. , Elledge , N. , Jernberg , K.A. and Larson , L.M. 2009 . A meta-analytical review of teacher credibility and its associations with teacher behaviors and student outcomes . Communication Education , 58 : 516 – 537 .
  • Fitch , F. and Morgan , S.E. 2003 . ‘Not a lick of English’: Constructing the ITA identity through student narratives . Communication Education , 52 : 297 – 310 .
  • Fong , M. 1997 . “ The crossroads of language and culture ” . In Intercultural communication: A reader , 8th ed , Edited by: Samovar , L.A. and Porter , R.E. 207 – 213 . Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Fox , W.S. and Gay , G. 1994 . Functions and effects of international teaching assistants . Review of Higher Education , 18 : 1 – 24 .
  • Fusani , D.S. 1994 . Extra-class communication: Frequency, immediacy, self disclosure, and satisfaction in student–faculty interaction outside the classroom . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 22 : 232 – 255 .
  • Giddens , A. 1979 . Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Giddens , A. 1984 . The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Glascock , J. and Ruggiero , T.E. 2006 . The relationship of ethnicity and sex to professor credibility at a culturally diverse university . Communication Education , 55 : 197 – 207 .
  • Goldstein , G.S. and Benassi , V.A. 1994 . The relation between teacher self-disclosure and student classroom participation . Teaching of Psychology , 21 : 212 – 216 .
  • Gorsuch , G.J. 2003 . The educational cultures of international teaching assistants and U.S. universities . Teaching English as a Second Language , 7(3). http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume7/ej27/ej27a1/
  • Gravois , J. 2005 , April 8 . Teach impediment . The Chronicle of Higher Education . http://chronicle.com/article/Teach-Impediment/33613/
  • Hendrix , K.G. 1997 . Student perceptions of verbal and nonverbal cues leading to images of Black and White professor credibility . The Howard Journal of Communications , 8 : 251 – 273 .
  • Hoekje , B. and Williams , J. 1992 . Communicative competence and the dilemma of international teaching assistant education . TESOL Quarterly , 26 : 243 – 269 .
  • Hosek , A.M. and Thompson , J. 2009 . Communication privacy management and college instruction: Exploring the rules and boundaries that frame instructor private disclosures . Communication Education , 58 : 327 – 349 .
  • Houser , M.L. and Frymier , A.B. 2009 . The role of student characteristics and teacher behaviors in students’ learner empowerment . Communication Education , 58 : 35 – 53 .
  • Jia , C. and Bergerson , A. 2008 . Understanding the international teaching assistant training program: A case study at a northwestern research university . International Education , 37 : 77 – 98 .
  • Johnson , S.D. and Miller , A.N. 2002 . A cross cultural study of immediacy, credibility, and learning in the U.S. and Kenya . Communication Education , 51 : 280 – 292 .
  • Kearney , P. , Plax , T. , Hays , E. and Ivey , M. 1991 . College teacher misbehaviors: What students don't like about what teachers say and do . Communication Quarterly , 39 : 309 – 324 .
  • Land , M.L. 1979 . Low-inference variables of teacher clarity: Effects on student concept learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 71 : 795 – 799 .
  • Land , M.L. 1981 . Actual and perceived teacher clarity: Relations to student achievement in science . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 18 : 139 – 143 .
  • Land , M.L. and Smith , L.R. 1979 . Effect of a teacher clarity variable on student achievement . Journal of Educational Research , 72 : 196 – 197 .
  • Lannutti , P.J. and Strauman , E.C. 2006 . Classroom communication: The influence of instructor self-disclosure on student evaluations . Communication Quarterly , 54 : 89 – 99 .
  • MacNamara , J. 1973 . Nurseries, streets and classrooms: Some comparisons and deductions . The Modern Language Journal , 57 : 250 – 254 .
  • Mao , Y. , & Meyer , K. 2007 , November . Communicating worldviews: Comparing student perceptions of the classroom climate created by American and international teaching assistants . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL .
  • Martin , M.M. , Chesebro , J.L. and Mottet , T.P. 1997 . Students’ perceptions of instructors’ socio-communicative style and the influence on instructor credibility and situational motivation . Communication Research Reports , 14 : 431 – 440 .
  • Mazer , J.P. , Murphy , R.E. and Simonds , C.J. 2007 . “I'll see you on Facebook:” The effects of computer-mediated teacher self-disclosure on student motivation, affective learning, and classroom climate . Communication Education , 56 : 1 – 17 .
  • Mazer , J.P. , Murphy , R.E. and Simonds , C.J. 2009 . The effects of teacher self-disclosure via Facebook on teacher credibility. Learning . Media and Technology , 34 : 175 – 183 .
  • McBride , M.C. and Wahl , S.T. 2005 . “To say or not to say:” Teachers’ management of privacy boundaries in the classroom . Texas Speech Communication Journal , 30 : 8 – 22 .
  • McCroskey , J.C. 1992 . An introduction to communication in the classroom , Edina, MN : Burgess Publishing .
  • McCroskey , J. and Teven , J. 1999 . Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement . Communication Monographs , 66 : 90 – 103 .
  • Myers , S.A. 2001 . Perceived instructor credibility and verbal aggressiveness in the college classroom . Communication Research Reports , 18 : 354 – 364 .
  • Myers , S.A. 2004 . The relationship between perceived instructor credibility and college student in-class and out-of-class communication . Communication Reports , 17 : 129 – 137 .
  • Myers , S. and Brann , M. 2009 . College students’ perceptions of how instructors establish and enhance credibility through self-disclosure . Qualitative Research Reports in Communication , 10 : 9 – 16 .
  • Nelson , G.L. 1990 . International teaching assistants: A review of research , Paper presented at the meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, San Francisco, CA .
  • Norton , R.W. and Nussbaum , J.F. 1981 . Dramatic behaviors of the effective teacher . Communication Yearbook , 4 : 565 – 579 .
  • Olufowote , J.O. 2008 . A structurational analysis of informed consent to treatment: Societal evolution, contradiction, and reproductions in medical practice . Health Communication , 23 : 292 – 303 .
  • Paige , R.M. 1990 . “ International students: Cross-cultural psychological perspectives ” . In Applied cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Brislin , R.W. 161 – 185 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Patton , T.O. 1999 . Ethnicity and gender: An examination of its impact on instructor credibility in the university classroom . The Howard Journal of Communications , 10 : 123 – 144 .
  • Roach , K.D. 1999 . The influence of teaching assistant willingness to communicate and communication anxiety in the classroom . Communication Quarterly , 47 : 166 – 182 .
  • Roach , K.D. 2002 . “ Theory into practice: Training graduate teaching assistants to communicate more effectively in their classrooms ” . In Communication for teachers , Edited by: Chesebro , J.L. and McCroskey , J.C. 207 – 222 . Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
  • Rubin , D.L. 1998 . “ Help! My professor (or doctor or boss) doesn't talk English ” . In Readings in cultural contexts , Edited by: Martin , J.N. , Nakayama , T.K. and Flores , L.A. 149 – 160 . Mountain View, CA : Mayfield .
  • Schrodt , P. 2003 . Students’ appraisals of instructors as a function of students’ perceptions of instructors’ aggressive communication . Communication Education , 52 : 106 – 121 .
  • Schrodt , P. , Witt , P.L. , Turman , P.D. , Myers , S.A. , Barton , M.H. and Jernberg , K.A. 2009 . Instructor credibility as a mediator of instructors’ prosocial communication behaviors and students’ learning outcomes . Communication Education , 58 : 350 – 371 .
  • Seibold , D.R. and Meyers , R.A. 2007 . Group argument: A structuration perspective and research program . Small Group Research , 38 : 312 – 336 .
  • Semlak , J. and Pearson , J. 2008 . Through the years: An examination of instructor age and misbehavior on perceived teacher credibility . Communication Research Reports , 25 : 76 – 85 .
  • Silva , D. and Sias , P.M. 2010 . Connection, restructuring, and buffering: How groups link individuals and organizations . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 38 : 145 – 166 .
  • Simonds , C.J. 1997 . Classroom understanding: An expanded notion of teacher clarity . Communication Research Reports , 14 : 279 – 290 .
  • Smith , L.R. 1984 . Effect of teacher vagueness and use of lecture notes on student performance . Journal of Educational Research , 78 : 69 – 74 .
  • Smith , L.R. 1985 . Teacher clarifying behaviors: Effects on student achievement and perceptions . Journal of Experimental Education , 53 : 162 – 169 .
  • Smith , L.R. and Land , M.L. 1980 . Student perception of teacher clarity in mathematics . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 11 : 137 – 147 .
  • Smith , L.R. and Land , M.L. 1981 . Low-inference verbal behaviors related to teacher clarity . Journal of Classroom Interaction , 17 : 37 – 42 .
  • Smith , R.A. , Strom , R.E. and Muthuswamy , N. 2005 . Undergraduates’ ratings of domestic and international teaching assistants: Timing of data collection and communication intervention . Journal of Intercultural Communication Research , 34 : 3 – 21 .
  • Sorensen , G. 1989 . The relationships among teachers’ self-disclosive statements, students’ perceptions and affective learning . Communication Education , 38 : 259 – 276 .
  • Teven , J.J. and McCroskey , J.C. 1997 . The relationship of perceived teacher caring with student learning and teacher evaluation . Communication Education , 46 : 1 – 9 .
  • Titsworth , B.S. 2001 . The effects of teacher immediacy, use of organizational cues, and students’ notetaking on cognitive learning . Communication Education , 50 : 283 – 297 .
  • Titsworth , S. and Mazer , J.P. 2010 . “ Clarity in teaching and learning: Conundrums, consequences, and opportunities ” . In The SAGE handbook of communication and instruction , Edited by: Fassett , D.L. and Warren , J.T. 241 – 262 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Titsworth , S. , Novak , D. , Hunt , S. , & Meyer , K. 2004 , May . The effects of teacher clarity on affective and cognitive learning: A causal model of clear teaching behaviors . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA .
  • Titsworth , S. , Quinlan , M.M. and Mazer , J.P. 2010 . Emotion in teaching and learning: Development and validation of the classroom emotions scale . Communication Education , 59 : 431 – 452 .
  • Wambach , C. and Brothen , T. 1997 . Teacher self-disclosure and student classroom participation revisited . Teaching of Psychology , 24 : 262 – 263 .
  • Wheeless , L.R. and Grotz , J. 1976 . Conceptualization and measurement of reported self-disclosure . Human Communication Research , 2 : 338 – 346 .
  • Yule , G. 1994 . “ ITAs, interaction, and communicative effectiveness ” . In Discourse and performance of international teaching assistants , Edited by: Madden , C.G. and Myers , C.L. 189 – 200 . Alexandria, VA : Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.