The relationship between student perceptions of instructor humor and students’ reports of learning

References

• Bem , S. L. 1974 . The measurement of psychological androgyny . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 42 : 155 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , R. A. and Daly , J. A. 1984 . The affinity‐seeking function of communication . Communication Monographs , 51 : 91 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. 1991 . Individual differences in the communication of humorous messages . Southern Communication Journal , 56 : 32 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , J. , Cominsky , P. and Zillmann , D. 1979 . Teachers’ humor in the college classroom . Communication Education , 28 : 110 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant , J. , Crane , J. S. , Cominsky , P. W. and Zillmann , D. 1980 . Relationship between college teachers’ use of humor in the classroom and students’ evaluations of their teachers . Journal of Educational Psychology , 72 : 511 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , A. J. and Crompton , P. 1978 . “ Humorous presentations of material and presentations of material: A review of the humor and memory literature and two experimental studies ” . In Practical aspects of memory , Edited by: Grunneberg , M. M. and Morris , P. E. 84 – 92 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Christophel , D. M. 1990a . The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviors, student motivation, and learning , Morgantown : West Virginia University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Christophel , D. M. 1990b . The relationship among teacher immediacy behaviors, student motivation, and learning . Communication Education , 37 : 40 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , F. W. 1972 . A developmental study of cartoon humor and its use in facilitating learning , Catholic University of America . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Davies , A. P. and Apter , M. J. 1980 . “ Humor and its effect on learning in children ” . In Children's humor , Edited by: McGhee , P. E. and Chapman , A. J. 237 – 254 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Dickmeyer , S. G. Humor as an instructional practice: A longitudinal content analysis of humor use in the classroom . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Communication Association . New Haven, CT. April .
   Google Scholar
• Downs , V. C. , Javidi , M. and Nussbaum , J. F. 1988 . An analysis of teachers’ verbal communication within the college classroom: Use of humor, self‐disclosure, and narratives . Communication Education , 37 : 127 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , S. 1979 . “ Perceived homophily as a predictor of classroom learning ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: Nimmo , D. Vol. 3 , 585 – 602 . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Books .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. 1993a . The impact of teacher immediacy on students’ motivation: Is it the same for all students? . Communication Quarterly , 41 : 454 – 464 .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. 1993b . The relationship among communication apprehension, immediacy and motivation to study . Communication Reports , 6 : 8 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. 1994 . A model of immediacy in the classroom . Communication Quarterly , 41 : 454 – 464 .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. and Houser , M. The role of communication in learning: Does talking make you learn more? . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association . Chicago, IL. November .
   Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. , Shulman , G. M. and Houser , M. 1996 . The development of a learner empowerment measure . Communication Education , 45 : 181 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frymier , A. B. and Thompson , C. A. 1995 . Using student reports to measure immediacy: Is it a valid methodology? . Communication Research Reports , 12 : 85 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Gorham , J. 1988 . The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behavior and student learning . Communication Education , 37 : 40 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham , J. and Christophel , D. M. 1990 . The relationship of teachers’ use of humor in the classroom to immediacy and student learning . Communication Education , 39 : 46 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham , J. and Christophel , D. M. 1992 . Students’ perceptions of teacher behaviors as motivating and demotivating factors in college classes . Communication Quarterly , 40 : 239 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Gorham , J. and Zakahi , W. R. 1990 . A comparison of teacher and student perceptions of immediacy and learning: Monitoring process and product . Communication Education , 39 : 354 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , E. E. , Papa , M.J. and Brooks , G. P. 1992 . Functions of humor in conversation: Conceptualization and measurement . Western Journal of Communication , 56 : 161 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Gruner , C. R. 1967 . Effects of humor on speaker ethos and audience information gain . Journal of Communication , 17 : 228 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruner , C. R. 1976 . “ Wit and humor in mass communication ” . In Humor and laughter: Theory, research, and applications , Edited by: Chapman , A. J. and Foot , H. C. 287 – 312 . London : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hauck , W. E. and Thomas , J. W. 1972 . The relationship of humor to intelligence, creativity, and intentional and incidental learning . Journal of Experimental Education , 40 : 52 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , D. H. and Gorham , J. 1988 . Effects of immediacy on recall of information . Communication Education , 37 : 198 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , A. J. 1972 . An experimental study of the effects of humorous message content upon ethos and persuasiveness , University of Michigan . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Kilpela , D. E. 1961 . An experimental study of the effect of humor on persuasion , Detroit, MI : Wayne State University . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Korobkin , D. 1988 . Humor in the classroom: Considerations and strategies . College Teaching , 36 : 154 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Lashbrook , W. B. 1974 . Toward the measurement and processing of the social style profile , Eden Prairie, MN : Wilson Learning Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Long , H. B. 1983 . Adult learning: Research and practice , New York : Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• Markiewicz , D. 1972 . The effects of humor on persuasion , Columbus : Ohio State University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1996 . Fundamentals of human communication: An interpersonal perspective , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland .
   Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1971 . Silent messages , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Merrill , D. W. and Reid , R. 1981 . Personal styles an effective performance: Make your style work for you , Radnor, PA : Chilton Books .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , S. A. and Avtgis , T. A. 1997 . The association of socio‐communicative style and relational type on perceptions of nonverbal immediacy . Communication Research Reports , 74 : 339 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Neuliep , J. W. 1991 . An examination of the content of high school teachers’ humor in the classroom and the development of an inductively derived taxonomy of classroom humor . Communication Education , 40 : 343 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plax , T. G. , Kearney , P. , McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1986 . Power in the classroom VI: Verbal control strategies, nonverbal immediacy and affective learning . Communication Education , 35 : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond , V. P. , Gorham , J. and McCroskey , J. C. 1987 . “ The relationship between selected immediacy behaviors and cognitive learning ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: McLaughlin , M. Vol. 10 , 574 – 590 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Richmond , V. P. and McCroskey , J. C. 1990 . Reliability and separation of factors on the assertiveness‐responsiveness measure . Psychological Reports , 67 : 449 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo , B. J. 1997 . A source and receiver oriented view of humor in the workplace , Buffalo, NY : Canisius College . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , P. M. 1964 . The effectiveness of humor in informative speeches . Central States Speech Journal , 5 : 295 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , C. E. 1994 . An analysis of teacher socio‐communicative style as a predictor of classroom communication behaviors, student liking, motivation, and learning , Morgantown : West Virginia University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , C. E. , Richmond , V. P. and McCroskey , J. C. 1994 . The association between immediacy and socio‐communicative style . Communication Research Reports , 11 : 107 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , C. C. 1992 . The relationships among teachers’ immediacy behaviors, credibility, and social style and students’ motivation and learning: Comparisons among cultures , Morgantown : West Virginia University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Wakshlag , J.J. , Day , K. D. and Zillmann , D. 1981 . Selective exposure to educational television programs as a function of differently placed humorous inserts . Journal of Educational Psychology , 73 : 27 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanzer , M. B. 1995 . Student affinity‐seeking and teacher liking: Subordinate initiated relationship building in superior‐subordinate dyads , Morgantown : West Virginia University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Wanzer , M. , Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. 1995 . The funny people: A source orientation to the communication of humor . Communication Quarterly , 43 : 142 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Wanzer , M. , Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. 1996a . Are funny people popular? An examination of humor orientation, loneliness, and social attraction . Communication Quarterly , 44 : 42 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Wanzer , M. , Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. Combating stress in the health‐care setting: Analysis of humor orientation and perceived coping effectiveness . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association . San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Wanzer , M. , Booth‐Butterfield , M. and Booth‐Butterfield , S. "If we didn't use humor, we'd cry: “ Predispositional and situational influences on humorous coping communication in health care settings . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association . Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Weinberg , M. D. 1973 . The interactional effect of humor and anxiety on academic performance , Yeshiva University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Wheeless , V. E. and Dierks‐Stewart , K. 1981 . The psychometric properties of the Bem sex role inventory: Questions concerning reliability and validity . Communication Quarterly , 29 : 173 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeless , V. and Duran , R. 1982 . Gender orientation as a correlate of communication competence . Southern Communication Journal , 48 : 51 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Winnick , C. 1976 . The social context of humor . Journal of Communication , 26 : 124 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooten , A. G. and McCroskey , J. C. 1996 . Student trust of teacher as a function of socio‐communicative style of teacher and socio‐communicative orientation of student . Communication Research Reports , 13 : 94 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Youngman , R. C. 1966 . An experimental investigation of the effect of germane humor versus nongermane humor in an informative communication , Ohio University . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Ziv , A. 1976 . Facilitating effects of humorous atmosphere on creativity . Journal of Educational Psychology , 68 : 318 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziv , A. 1979 . L'humor en education: Approche psychologique , Paris : Editions Social Francaises .
   Google Scholar
• Ziv , A. 1988 . Teaching and learning with humor: Experiment and replication . Journal of Experimental Education , 57 : 5 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar