3,155
Views
196
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Anger, fear, uncertainty, and attitudes: a test of the cognitive-functional model

Pages 204-216 | Published online: 21 Oct 2010

References

  • Bodenhausen , G. V. , Sheppard , L. and Kramer , G. 1994 . Negative affect and social judgment: The differential impact of anger and sadness . European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 : 45 – 62 .
  • Breckler , S. J. 1993 . “ Emotion and attitude change ” . In Handbook of emotions , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Haviland , J. M. 461 – 473 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Butler , L. D. , Koopman , C. and Zimbardo , P. G. 1995 . The psychological impact of viewing the film JFK: Emotions, beliefs, and political behavioral intentions . Political Psychology , 16 : 237 – 257 .
  • Cacioppo , J. T. , Harkins , S. G. and Petty , R. E. 1981 . “ The nature of attitudes and cognitive responses and their relationship to behavior ” . In Cognitive responses in persuasion , Edited by: Petty , R. E. , Ostrom , T. M. and Brock , T. C. 31 – 54 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Chaiken , S. 1987 . “ The heuristic model of persuasion ” . In Social influence: The Ontario Symposium , Edited by: Zanna , M. P. , Olson , J. M. and Herman , C. P. Vol. 5 , 3 – 39 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Dillard , J. P. 1993 . Persuasion past and present: Attitudes aren't what they used to be . Communication Monographs , 60 : 90 – 96 .
  • Dillard , J. P. , Plotnick , C. A. , Godbold , L. C. , Freimuth , V. S. and Edgar , T. 1996 . The multiple affective outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear appeals do more than scare people . Communication Research , 23 : 44 – 72 .
  • Frijda , N. H. 1986 . The emotions , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gault , B. A. and Sabini , J. 2000 . The roles of empathy, anger, and gender in predicting attitudes toward punitive, reparative, and preventative public policies . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 195 – 520 .
  • Gleicher , F. and Petty , R. E. 1992 . Expectations of reassurance influence the nature of fear-stimulated attitude change . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 28 : 86 – 100 .
  • Greenwald , A. G. 1968 . “ Cognitive learning, cognitive response to persuasion, and attitude change ” . In Psychological foundations of attitudes , Edited by: Greenwald , A. G. , Brock , T. C. and Ostrom , T. M. 147 – 170 . New York : Academic .
  • Izard , C. E. 1977 . Human emotions , New York : Plenum Press .
  • Johnson , B. T. 1994 . Effects of outcome-relevant involvement and prior information on persuasion . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 30 : 556 – 579 .
  • Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Leventhal , H. and Trembly , G. 1968 . Negative emotions and persuasion . Journal of Personality , 36 : 154 – 168 .
  • Nabi , R. L. 1999 . A cognitive-functional model for the effects of discrete negative emotions on information processing, attitude change, and recall . Communication Theory , 9 : 292 – 320 .
  • Nabi , R. L. 2002 . The lay versus theoretical meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research . Cognition and Emotion , 16 : 695 – 703 .
  • Petty , R. E. and Cacioppo , J. T. 1986 . “ The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 19 , 123 – 205 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Petty , R. E. , Cacioppo , J. T. and Kasmer , J. A. 1988 . “ The role of affect in the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion ” . In Communication, social cognition, and affect , Edited by: Donohew , L. , Sypher , H. E. and Higgins , E. T. 117 – 146 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Petty , R. E. , Gleicher , F. and Baker , S. M. 1991 . “ Multiple roles for affect in persuasion ” . In Emotion and social judgments , Edited by: Forgas , J. 181 – 200 . New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Plutchik , R. 1980 . Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Scherer , K. R. and Tannenbaum , P. H. 1986 . Emotional experiences in everyday life: A survey approach . Motivation and Emotion , 10 : 295 – 314 .
  • Tomkins , S. S. 1963 . Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol. II. The negative affects , New York : Springer .
  • Witte , K. 1992 . Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model (EPPM) . Communication Monographs , 61 : 113 – 134 .
  • Wood , W. 1982 . Retrieval of attitude-relevant information from memory: Effects on susceptibility to persuasion and on intrinsic motivation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 42 : 798 – 810 .
  • Zajonc , R. B. 1980 . Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences . American Psychologist , 35 ( 2 ) : 151 – 175 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.