1,836
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Explaining the Relationships among Supportive Message Quality, Evaluations, and Outcomes: A Dual-Process Approach

Pages 1-22 | Received 16 Mar 2011, Accepted 17 May 2011, Published online: 23 Jan 2012

References

  • Bodie , G. D. in press-a . The role of thinking in the comforting process: An empirical test of a dual-process framework . Communication Research .
  • Bodie , G. D. “ Supportive communication and persuasion: Theoretical intersections ” . In The persuasion handbook , 2nd ed , Edited by: Dillard , J. P. and Shen , L. Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage . in press-a
  • Bodie , G. D. in press-a . Task stressfulness moderates the effects of verbal person centeredness on cardiovascular reactivity: A dual-process account of the reactivity hypothesis . Health Communication .
  • Bodie , G. D. and Burleson , B. R. 2008 . Explaining variations in the effects of supportive messages: A dual-process framework . Communication Yearbook , 32 : 355 – 398 .
  • Bodie , G. D. , Burleson , B. R. , Gill-Rosier , J. N. , McCullough , J. D. , Holmstrom , A. J. , Rack , J. J. , et al. 2011 . Explaining the impact of attachment style on evaluations of supportive messages: A dual-process framework . Communication Research , 38 , 228 – 247 . doi: 10.1177/0093650210362678
  • Bodie , G. D. , Burleson , B. R. , Holmstrom , A. J. , Rack , J. J. , McCullough , J. D. , Hanasono , L. , & Gill Rosier , J. 2011 . Effects of cognitive complexity and emotional upset on processing supportive messages: Two tests of a dual-process theory of supportive communication outcomes . Human Communication Research , 37 , 350 – 376 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2011.01405.x
  • Burleson , B. R. 1990 . “ Comforting as everyday social support: Relational consequences of supportive behaviors ” . In Personal relationships and social support , Edited by: Duck , S. 66 – 82 . London , , UK : Sage .
  • Burleson , B. R. 1994 . “ Comforting messages: Features, functions, and outcomes ” . In Strategic interpersonal communication , Edited by: Daly , J. A. and Wiemann , J. M. 135 – 161 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Burleson , B. R. 2003 . “ Emotional support skill ” . In Handbook of communication and social interaction skills , Edited by: Greene , J. O. and Burleson , B. R. 551 – 594 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Burleson , B. R. 2008 . “ What counts as effective emotional support? Explorations of individual and situation differences ” . In Studies in applied interpersonal communication , Edited by: Motley , M. T. Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Burleson , B. R. 2009 . Understanding the outcomes of supportive communication: A dual-process approach . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 26 , 21 – 38 . doi: 10.1177/0265407509105519
  • Burleson , B. R. 2010 . “ Explaining recipient responses to supportive messages: Development and tests of a dual-process theory ” . In New directions in interpersonal communication , Edited by: Smith , S. W. and Wilson , S. R. 159 – 179 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Burleson , B. R. and Goldsmith , D. J. 1998 . “ How the comforting process works: Alleviating emotional distress through conversationally induced reappraisals ” . In Handbook of communication and emotion: Research, theory, applications, and contexts , Edited by: Andersen , P. A. and Guerrero , L. K. 245 – 280 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Burleson , B. R. , Hanasono , L. , Bodie , G. D. , Holmstrom , A. J. , Rack , J. J. , Gill-Rosier , J. N. and McCullough , J. D. 2009 . Explaining gender differences in responses to supportive messages: Two tests of a dual-process approach . Sex Roles , 61 : 265 – 280 .
  • Burleson , B. R. , & Samter , W. 1985 . Individual differences in the perception of comforting messages: An exploratory investigation . Central States Speech Journal , 36 , 39 – 50 . doi: 10.1080/10510978509363198
  • Burns , J. , Labbe , E. , Williams , K. , & McCall , J. 1999 . Perceived and physiological indicators of relaxation: As different as Mozart and Alice in Chains . Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback , 24 , 197 – 202 . doi: 10.1023/A:1023488614364
  • Cacioppo , J. T. and Petty , R. E. 1981 . “ Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing technique ” . In Cognitive assessment , Edited by: Merluzzi , T. V. , Glass , G. R. and Genest , M. 309 – 342 . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Cantor , N. , & Mischel , W. 1979 . Prototypes in person perception . In L. Berkowitz Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 12 pp. 3 – 51 . New York , NY : Academic Press .
  • Chow , G. C. 1960 . Tests of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions . Econometrica , 28 , 591 – 605 . doi: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9682%28196007%2928%3A3%3C591%3ATOEBSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H
  • Clark , R. A. , Pierce , A. J. , Finn , K. , Hsu , K. , Toosley , A. , & Williams , L. 1998 . The impact of alternative approaches to comforting, closeness of relationship, and gender on multiple measures of effectiveness . Communication Studies , 49 , 224 – 239 . doi: 10.1080/10510979809368533
  • Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) , Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Collins , N. L. , & Feeney , B. C. 2000 . A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support-seeking and caregiving in adult romantic relationships . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 , 1053 – 1073 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053
  • Dillard , J. P. , Shen , L. , & Vail , R. G. 2007 . Does perceived message effectiveness cause persuasion or vice versa? 17 consistent answers . Human Communication Research , 33 , 467 – 488 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00308.x
  • Dillard , J. P. , Weber , K. M. , & Vail , R. G. 2007 . The relationship between the perceived and actual effectiveness of persuasive messages: A meta-analysis with implications for formative campaign research . Journal of Communication , 57 , 613 – 631 . doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00360.x
  • Dillard , J. P. , & Ye , S. 2008 . The perceived effectiveness of persuasive message: Questions of structure, referent, and bias . Journal of Health Communication , 13 , 149 – 168 . doi: 10.1080/10810730701854060
  • Efron , B. and Tibshirani , R. J. 1993 . An introduction to the bootstrap , Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
  • Goldsmith , D. J. 1994 . “ The role of facework in supportive communication ” . In Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community , Edited by: Burleson , B. R. , Albrecht , T. L. and Sarason , I. G. 29 – 49 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Goldsmith , D. J. 2004 . Communicating social support , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Goldsmith , D. J. , McDermott , V. M. , & Alexander , S. C. 2000 . Helpful, supportive, and sensitive: Measuring the evaluation of enacted support in personal relationships . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 17 , 369 – 391 . doi: 10.1177/0265407500173004
  • Holahan , C. J. , Moos , R. H. and Bonin , L. 1997 . “ Social support, coping, and psychological adjustment: A resource model ” . In Sourcebook of social support and personality , Edited by: Pierce , G. R. , Lakey , B. , Sarason , I. G. and Sarason , B. R. 169 – 186 . New York , NY : Plenum .
  • Holmstrom , A. J. , Burleson , B. R. , & Jones , S. M. 2005 . Some consequences for helpers who deliver “cold comfort”: Why it's worse for women than men to be inept when providing emotional support . Sex Roles , 53 , 153 – 172 . doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-5676-4
  • Jones , S. M. 2004 . Putting the person into person-centered and immediate emotional support: Emotional change and perceived helper competence as outcomes of comforting in helping situations . Communication Research , 32 , 338 – 360 . doi: 10.1177/0093650204263436
  • Jones , S. M. , & Guerrero , L. K. 2001 . Nonverbal immediacy and verbal person-centeredness in the emotional support process . Human Communication Research , 4 , 567 – 596 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00793.x
  • Jones , S. M. , & Wirtz , J. 2006 . How does the comforting process work? An empirical test of an appraisal-based model of comforting . Human Communication Research , 32 , 217 – 243 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00274.x
  • MacGeorge , E. L. , Feng , B. , & Burleson , B. R. 2011 . Supportive communication . In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly Handbook of interpersonal communication , 4th ed pp. 317 – 354 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • MacKinnon , D. P. 2008 . Introduction to statistical mediation analysis , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • MacKinnon , D. P. , Lockwood , C. M. , & Williams , J. 2004 . Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 , 99 – 128 . doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901-4
  • Moskowitz , G. B. , Skurnik , I. and Galinsky , A. D. 1999 . “ The history of dual-process notions, and the future of preconscious control ” . In Dual-process theories in social psychology , Edited by: Chaiken , S. and Trope , Y. 12 – 36 . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Petty , R. E. , & Wegener , D. T. 1998 . Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables . In D. Gilbert , S. T. Fiske , & G. Lindzey The handbook of social psychology , 4th ed pp. 323 – 390 . Vol. 1 New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
  • Preacher , K. J. , & Hayes , A. F. 2008a . Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models Behavior Research Methods , 40 , 879 – 891 . doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2008b . “ Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research ” . In The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research , Edited by: Hayes , A. F. , Slater , M. D. and Snyder , L. B. 13 – 54 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Preacher , K. J. , Rucker , D. D. , & Hayes , A. F. 2007 . Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 42 , 185 – 227 . doi: 10.1080/00273170701341316
  • Robinson , M. D. , & Clore , G. L. 2002 . Belief and feeling: Evidence for an accessiblity model of emotional self-report . Psychological Bulletin , 128 , 934 – 960 . doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.128.6.934
  • Todorov , A. , Chaiken , S. and Henderson , M. D. 2002 . “ The heuristic-systematic model of social information processing ” . In The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice , Edited by: Dillard , J. P. and Pfau , M. 195 – 211 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Uchino , B. N. 2004 . Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Wegener , D. T. , Downing , J. , Krosnick , J. A. and Petty , R. E. 1995 . “ Strength-related properties of attitudes: Measures, manipulations, and future directions ” . In Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , Edited by: Petty , R. E. and Krosnick , J. A. 455 – 487 . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.