References
- Afifi, T. D. (2003). ‘Feeling caught’ in stepfamilies: Managing boundary turbulence through appropriate communication privacy rules. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 729–755. doi:10.1177/0265407503206002
- Baxter, L. A., & Babbie, E. (2004). The basics of communication research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Colaner, C. W., & Kranstuber, H. (2010). “Forever kind of wondering”: Communicatively managing uncertainty in adoptive families. Journal of Family Communication, 10, 236–255. doi:10.1080/15267431003682435
- Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Docan-Morgan, S. J. (2011). “They don't know what it's like to be in my shoes”: Topic avoidance about race in transracially adoptive families. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 336–355. doi:10.1177/0265407510382177
- Drummond, D. K., & Orbe, M. P. (2009). “Who are you trying to be?” Identity gaps within intraracial encounters. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 10, 81–87. doi:10.1080/17459430903236098
- Dunbar, N., & Grotevant, H. D. (2004). Adoption narratives: The construction of adoptive identity during adolescence. In M. W. Pratt & B. H. Fiese (Eds.), Family stories and the life course: Across time and generations (pp. 135–161). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
- Farr, R. H., Grant‐Marsney, H. A., & Grotevant, H. D. (2014). Adoptees' contact with birth parents in emerging adulthood: The role of adoption communication and attachment to adoptive parents. Family Process, advance online publication. doi:10.1111/famp.12069
- Galvin, K. (2003). International and transracial adoption: A communication research agenda. Journal of Family Communication, 3, 237–259. doi:10.1207/S15327698JFC0304_5
- Galvin, K. (2013). The family of the future: What do we face? In A. L. Vangelisti (Ed.), Handbook of family communication (2nd ed., pp. 531–545). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Galvin, K., & Colaner, C. (2013). Created through law and language: Communicative complexities of adoptive families. In K. Floyd & M. T. Morman (Eds.), Widening the family circle: New research on family relationships (2nd ed., pp. 191–209). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Grotevant, H. D. (1997). Coming to terms with adoption: The construction of identity from adolescence into adulthood. Adoption Quarterly, 1, 3–27. doi:10.1300/J145v01n01_02
- Grotevant, H. D., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J. K., & Esau, A. M. L. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49, 379–387. doi:10.1111/j.1741–3729.2000.00379.x
- Grotevant, H. D., & Von Korff, L. A. (2011). Adoptive identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 585–601). New York, NY: Springer.
- Grotevant, H. D., Wrobel, G. M., Von Korff, L. A., Skinner, B., Newell, J., Friese, S., & McRoy, R. G. (2008). Many faces of openness in adoption: Perspectives of adopted adolescents and their parents. Adoption Quarterly, 10, 79–101. doi:10.1080/10926750802163204
- Hecht, M. L. (1993). 2002 – A research odyssey: Toward the development of a communication theory of identity. Communication Monographs, 60, 76–82. doi:10.1080/03637759309376297
- Hecht, M. L., Faulkner, S. L., Meyer, C. R., Niles, T. A., Golden, D., & Cutler, M. (2002). Looking through Northern Exposure at Jewish American identity and the communication theory of identity. Journal of Communication, 52, 852–869. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02577.x
- Hecht, M. L., Warren, J. R., Jung, E., & Krieger, J. L. (2005). A communication theory of identity: Development, theoretical perspective, and future directions. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 257–278). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Jones, C., & Hackett, S. (2008). Communicative openness within adoptive families: Adoptive parents' narrative accounts of the challenges of adoption talk and the approaches used to manage these challenges. Adoption Quarterly, 10, 157–178. doi:10.1080/10926750802163238
- Jung, E. (2011). Identity gap: Mediator between communication input and outcome variables. Communication Quarterly, 59, 315–338. doi:10.1080/01463373.2011.583501
- Jung, E., & Hecht, M. L. (2004). Elaborating the communication theory of identity: Identity gaps and communication outcomes. Communication Quarterly, 52, 265–283. doi:10.1080/01463370409370197
- Kam, J. A., & Hecht, M. L. (2009). Investigating the role of identity gaps among communicative and relational outcomes within the grandparent-grandchild relationship: The young-adult grandchildren's perspective. Western Journal of Communication, 73, 456–480. doi:10.1080/10570310903279067
- Kohler, J. K., Grotevant, H. D., & McRoy, R. G. (2002). Adopted adolescents' preoccupation with adoption: The impact on adoptive family relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 93–104. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00093.x
- Kranstuber, H., & Kellas, J. K. (2011). “Instead of growing under her heart, I grew in it”: The relationship between adoption entrance narratives and adoptees' self-concept. Communication Quarterly, 59, 179–199. doi:10.1080/01463373.2011.563440
- Lee, R. M. (2003). The transracial adoption paradox history, research, and counseling implications of cultural socialization. The Counseling Psychologist, 31, 711–744. doi:10.1177/0011000003258087
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative communication research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- March, K. (1997). The dilemma of adoption reunion: Establishing open communication between adoptees and their birth mothers. Family Relations, 46, 99–105. doi:10.2307/585033
- Marcia, J. E. (1993). The identity status approach to ego identity In J. E. Marcia & D. R. Waterman (Eds.), Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research (pp. 1–21). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
- Meisenbach, R. J. (2010). Stigma management communication: A theory and agenda for applied research on how individuals manage moments of stigmatized identity. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38, 268–292. doi:10.1080/00909882.2010.490841
- Mendenhall, T. J., Berge, J. M., Wrobel, G. M., Grotevant, H. D., & McRoy, R. G. (2004). Adolescents' satisfaction with contact in adoption. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21, 175–190. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02330.x
- Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Morr Serewicz, M. C. (2008). Toward a triangular theory of the communication and relationships of in-laws: Theoretical proposal and social relations analysis of relational satisfaction and private disclosure in in-law triads. Journal of Family Communication, 8, 264–292. doi:10.1080/15267430802397161
- Müller, U., & Perry, B. (2001). Adopted persons' search for and contact with their birth parents II: Adoptee-birth parent contact. Adoption Quarterly, 4, 39–62. doi:10.1300/J145v04n03_03
- Pettigrew, J. (2013). “I'll take what I can get”: Identity development in the case of a stepfather. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 54, 25–42. doi:10.1080/10502556.2012.725360
- Powell, K. A., & Afifi, T. D. (2005). Uncertainty management and adoptees' ambiguous loss of their birth parents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 129–151. doi:10.1177/0265407505049325
- Rijk, C. H. A. M., Hoksbergen, R. A. C., & ter Laak, J. (2008). Education after early-life deprivation: Teachers' experiences with a clinical group of deprived Romanian adopted children. Adoption Quarterly, 11, 255–277. doi:10.1080/10926750802569806
- Rittenour, C. E., & Soliz, J. (2009). Communicative and relational dimensions of shared family identity and relational intentions in mother-in-law/daughter-in-law relationships: Developing a conceptual model for mother-in-law/daughter-in-law research. Western Journal of Communication, 73, 67–90. doi:10.1080/10570310802636334
- Siegel, D. H., & Smith, S. L. (2012). Openness in adoption: From secrecy and stigma to knowledge and connections. New York, NY: Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute.
- Skinner-Drawz, B. A., Wrobel, G. M., Grotevant, H. D., & Von Korff, L. A. (2011). The role of adoption communicative openness in information seeking among adoptees from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Journal of Family Communication, 11, 181–197. doi:10.1080/15267431003656587
- Suter, E. A., Reyes, K. L., & Ballard, R. L. (2011). Parental management of adoptive identities during challenging encounters: Adoptive parents as ‘protectors’ and ‘educators’. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 242–261. doi:10.1177/0265407510384419
- Von Korff, L. A., Grotevant, H. D., Koh, B. D., & Samek, D. R. (2010). Adoptive mothers: Identity agents on the pathway to adoptive identity formation. Identity, 10, 122–137. doi:10.1080/15283481003711767
- Wadsworth, B. C., Hecht, M. L., & Jung, E. (2008). The role of identity gaps, discrimination, and acculturation in international students' educational satisfaction in American classrooms. Communication Education, 57, 64–87. doi:10.1080/03634520701668407
- Wegar, K. (2000). Adoption, family ideology, and social stigma: Bias in community attitudes, adoption research, and practice. Family Relations, 49, 363–369. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00363.x
- Wrobel, G. M., & Dillon, K. (2009). Adopted adolescents: Who and what are they curious about? In G. M. Wrobel & E. Neil (Eds.), International advances in adoption research for practice (pp. 217–244). Chichester: Wiley.