The Case for Emphasizing Discrete Emotions in Communication Research

References

• Barrett , L. F. 2006 . Are emotions natural kinds? . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 1 : 28 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett , L. F. and Wager , T. D. 2006 . The structure of emotion: Evidence from neuroimaging studies . Psychological Science , 15 : 79 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Damasio , A. R. 2004 . “ Emotions and feelings: A neurobiological perspective ” . In Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium. Studies in emotion and social interaction , Edited by: Manstead , A. S. R. , Frijda , N. and Fischer , A. 49 – 57 . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• DeSteno , D. , Petty , R. E. , Rucker , D. D. , Wegener , D. T. and Braverman , J. 2004 . Discrete emotions and persuasion: The role of emotion–induced expectancies . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 43 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillard , J. P. and Peck , E. 2001 . Persuasion and the structure of affect: Dual systems and discrete emotions as complementary models . Human Communication Research , 27 : 38 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillard , J. P. , Plotnick , C. A. , Godbold , L. C. , Freimuth , V. S. and Edgar , T. 1996 . The multiple affective outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear appeals do more than scare people . Communication Research , 23 : 44 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman , P. 2003 . Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life , New York, NY : Henry Holt and Co .
   Google Scholar
• Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1971 . Constants across cultures in the face and emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 17 : 124 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. and Taylor , S. E. 1991 . Social cognition , New York, NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Fontaine , J. R. J. , Scherer , K. R. , Roesch , E. B. and Ellsworth , P. C. 2007 . The world of emotions is not two-dimensional . Psychological Science , 18 : 1050 – 1057 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. H. 1986 . The emotions , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Izard , C. E. 1977 . Human emotions , New York, NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Izard , C. E. 2007 . Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 2 : 260 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang , P. J. , Greenwald , M. K. , Bradley , M. M. and Hamm , A. O. 1993 . Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions . Psychophysiology , 30 : 261 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen , J. T. , McGraw , A. P. and Cacioppo , J. 2001 . Can people feel happy and sad at the same time? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 684 – 696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , J. S. and Keltner , D. 2000 . Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgment and choice . Cognition & Emotion , 14 : 473 – 493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner , J. S. and Keltner , D. 2001 . Fear, anger, and risk . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 146 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner , J. S. , Gonzalez , R. M. , Small , D. A. and Fischhoff , B. 2003 . Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism: A national field experiment . Psychological Science , 14 : 144 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi , R. L. 2002 . Anger, fear, uncertainty, and attitudes: A test of the cognitive-functional model . Communication Monographs , 69 : 204 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi , R. L. 2003 . The framing effects of emotion: Can discrete emotions influence information recall and policy preference? . Communication Research , 30 : 224 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortony , A. , Clore , G. L. and Collins , A. 1988 . The cognitive structure of emotions , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Plutchik , R. 1980 . Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis , New York, NY : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Roseman , I. , Spindel , M. S. and Jose , P. E. 1990 . Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 899 – 915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , J. A. 1980 . The circumplex model of affect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 1161 – 1178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salovey , P. , Detweiler-Bedell , B. T. , Detweiler-Bedell , J. B. and Mayer , J. D. 2008 . “ Emotional intelligence ” . In Handbook of emotion , 3rd ed , Edited by: Lewis , M. , Haviland-Jones , J. M. and Barrett , L. F. 533 – 547 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Scherer , K. R. 1984 . “ On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach ” . In Approaches to emotion , Edited by: Scherer , K. R. and Ekman , P. 293 – 318 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Small , D. A. and Lerner , J. S. 2008 . Emotional policy: Personal sadness and anger shape judgments about a welfare case . Political Psychology , 29 : 149 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A. and Lazarus , R. S. 1993 . Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions . Cognition and Emotion , 7 : 295 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar