Exposure effects and affective responses to music

References

• Albert , W.G. 1976 . Musical structure, situational context, and perceived meaning , Windsor, Ontario : University of Windsor . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett , D.L. 1973 . Effect of repeated listenings on structural discrimination and affective response . Journal of Research in Music Education , 21 : 302 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , C.L. and Fink , E.L. 1983 . “ Fitting equations with power transformations: Examining variables with error ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: Bostrom , R.N. Vol. 7 , 146 – 199 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Belsley , D.A. , Kuh , E. and Welsch , R.E. 1980 . Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D.E. 1954 . A theory of human curiosity . British Journal of Psychology , 45 : 180 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D.E. 1970 . Novelty, complexity, and hedonic value . Perception & Psychophysics , 8 : 279 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D.E. 1971 . Aesthetics and psychobiology , New York : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Berlyne , D.E. and Parham , L.C.C. 1968 . Determinants of subjective novelty . Perception and Psychophysics , 3 : 415 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohme , R.S. 1980 . Exposure and stimulus complexity as determinants of preference for auditory stimuli . Dissertation Abstracts International , 42 : 4321‐A (University Microfilms No. 8107303)
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein , R.F. 1989 . Exposure and affect: Overview and meta‐analysis of research, 1968–1987 . Psychological Bulletin , 106 : 265 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , R.F. , Leone , D.R. and Galley , D.J. 1987 . The generalizability of subliminal mere exposure effects: Influence of stimuli perceived without awareness on social behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 1070 – 1079 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley , I.L. 1971 . Repetition as a factor in the development of musical preferences . Journal of Research in Music Education , 19 : 295 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickman , P. and D'Amato , B. 1975 . Exposure effects in a free‐choice situation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 32 : 415 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickman , P. , Redfield , J. , Harrison , A.A. and Crandall , R. 1972 . Drive and predisposition as factors in the attitudinal effects of mere exposure . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 8 : 31 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges , J. and Denisoff , R.S. 1986 . Changing courtship patterns in the popular song: Horton and Carey revisited . Popular Music and Society , 10 (3) : 29 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush , P.A. and Pease , K.G. 1968 . Pop records and connotative satiation: Test of Jakobovits’ theory . Psychological Reports , 23 : 871 – 875 .
   Google Scholar
• Carey , J.T. 1969 . Changing courtship patterns in the popular song . American Journal of Sociology , 74 : 720 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerullo , K.A. 1988 . Analyzing cultural products: A new method of measurement . Social Science Research , 17 ( 17 ) : 317 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Christenson , P.G. , DeBenedittis , P. and Lindlof , T.R. 1985 . Children's use of audio media . Communication Research , 12 : 327 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , (2nd ed.) , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Crandall , J.E. , Montgomery , V.E. and Rees , W.W. 1973 . “Mere” exposure versus familiarity, with implications for response competition and expectancy arousal hypotheses . Journal of General Psychology , 88 : 105 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandall , R. 1972 . Field extension of the frequency affect findings . Psychological Reports , 31 : 371 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• 1986 . Davis raps radio programmers for their “play it safe” mentality . Variety , May 7 : 535
   Google Scholar
• Desmond , R.J. 1987 . Adolescents and music lyrics: Implications of a cognitive perspective . Communication Quarterly , 35 : 276 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , R.D. 1980 . Suggested scales for the measurement of musical involvement and genre tastes . Popular Music and Society , 7 (4) : 223 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey , J.E. and Knapp , G.E. 1927 . “ The effect on a musical programme of familiarity and of sequence of selections ” . In The effects of music , Edited by: Schoen , M. 223 – 242 . New York : Harcourt, Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Erdelyi , M. 1940 . The relation between “radio plugs” and sheet sales of popular music . Journal of Applied Psychology , 24 : 696 – 702 .
   Google Scholar
• Fedler , F. , Hall , J. and Tanzi , L.A. 1982 . Popular songs emphasize sex, de‐emphasize romance . Mass Communication Review , 9 (2/3) : 10 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Fink , E.L. , Monahan , J.L. and Kaplowitz , S.A. 1989 . A spatial model of the mere exposure effect . Communication Research , 16 : 746 – 769 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , K. 1986 . It's here: All Bruce radio PDs ponder burnout factor . Billboard , November 22 : 1 85
   Google Scholar
• Frith , S. 1981 . Sound effects: Youth, leisure and the politics of rock ‘n’ roll , New York : Pantheon .
   Google Scholar
• Getz , R.P. 1966 . The effects of repetition on listening response . Journal of Research in Music Education , 14 : 178 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilliland , A.R. and Moore , H.T. 1924 . The immediate and long‐time effects of classical and popular phonograph selections . Journal of Applied Psychology , 8 : 309 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilliland , A.R. and Moore , H.T. 1927 . “ The immediate and long‐time effects of classical and popular phonograph selections ” . In The effects of music , Edited by: Schoen , M. 211 – 222 . New York : Harcourt, Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Glasser , T.L. 1984 . Competition and diversity among radio formats: Legal and structural issues . Journal of Broadcasting , 28 : 127 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , P.C. and Holyoak , K.J. 1983 . Implicit learning and generalization of the “mere exposure” effect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 : 492 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm , N. , Baum , M.R. and Nikels , K.W. 1975 . Effects of race and exposure on judgments of interpersonal favorability . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 11 : 14 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , D.J. 1984 . The effects of repetition on liking for music . Journal of Research in Music Education , 32 : 35 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , D.J. 1986 . The developmental psychology of music , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , A.A. 1968 . Response competition, frequency, exploratory behavior and liking . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 9 : 363 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , A.A. 1977 . “ Mere exposure ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 10 , 43 – 83 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , A.A. and Crandall , R. 1972 . Heterogeneity‐homogeneity of exposure sequence and the attitudinal effects of exposure . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 21 : 234 – 238 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heingartner , A. and Hall , J.V. 1974 . Affective consequences in adults and children of repeated exposure to auditory stimuli . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 29 : 719 – 723 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmholtz , H.L.F. 1954 . On the sensations of tone as a physiological basis for the theory of music , Edited by: Ellis , A.J. New York : Dover . (Original work published 1877)
   Google Scholar
• Heyduk , R.G. 1975 . Rated preference for musical compositions as it relates to complexity and exposure frequency . Perception and Psychophysics , 17 : 84 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Hiber , J. 1987 . Winning radio research , Washington, DC : National Association of Broadcasters .
   Google Scholar
• Hirschman , E. 1983 . Predictors of self‐projection, fantasy fulfillment, and escapism . Journal of Social Psychology , 120 : 63 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaccard , J. , Turrisi , R. and Wan , C.K. 1990 . Interaction effects in multiple regression , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Jakobovits , L.A. 1966 . Studies of fads: I. The “Hit Parade.” . Psychological Reports , 18 : 443 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Jakobovits , L.A. and Lambert , W.E. 1963 . “ The effects of repetition in communication on meanings and attitudes ” . In Television and human behavior , Edited by: Arons , L. and May , M.A. 168 – 175 . New York : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , R.E. 1982 . Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences , (2nd ed.) , Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Konecni , V.J. 1982 . “ Social interaction and musical preference ” . In The psychology of music , Edited by: Deutsch , D. 497 – 516 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , H.E. 1943 . Affective responses to music as a function of familiarity . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 38 : 388 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , R. and Kubey , R. 1983 . Television and music: Contrasting media in adolescent life . Youth and Society , 15 : 13 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeuwenberg , E. 1973 . “ Meaning of perceptual complexity ” . In Pleasure, reward, preference , Edited by: Berlyne , D.E. and Madsden , K.B. 99 – 114 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , G.H. 1987 . “ Patterns of meaning and choice: Taste cultures in popular music ” . In Popular music and communication , Edited by: Lull , J. 198 – 211 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lomax , A. 1968 . Folk song style and culture , Washington, DC : American Association for the Advancement of Science .
   Google Scholar
• Lull , J. 1985 . On the communicative properties of music . Communication Research , 12 : 363 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lull , J. 1987 . “ Listeners’ communicative uses of popular music ” . In Popular music and communication , Edited by: Lull , J. 140 – 174 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lull , J. , ed. 1987 . Popular music and communication , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lull , J. 1987 . “ Popular music and communication: An introduction ” . In Popular music and communication , Edited by: Lull , J. 10 – 35 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lundin , R.W. 1967 . An objective psychology of music , (2nd ed.) , New York : Ronald Press .
   Google Scholar
• Matlin , M.W. 1970 . Response competition as a mediating factor in the frequency‐affect relationship . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 16 : 536 – 552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizerski , R. , Pucely , M.J. , Perrewe , P. and Baldwin , L. 1988 . An experimental evaluation of music involvement measures and their relationship with consumer purchasing behavior . Popular Music & Society , 12 (3) : 79 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mull , H.K. 1957 . The effect of repetition upon enjoyment of modern music . Journal of Psychology , 43 : 155 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermiller , C. 1985 . Varieties of mere exposure: The effects of processing style and repetition on affective response . Journal of Consumer Research , 12 : 17 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , R.A. and Berger , D.G. 1975 . Cycles in symbol production: The case of popular music . American Sociological Review , 40 : 158 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinsky , L.E. and Rosenbaum , J.L. 1987 . “Leerics” or lyrics: Teenage impressions of Rock ‘n’ Roll . Youth and Society , 18 : 384 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajecki , D.W. and Wolfson , C. 1973 . The rating of materials found in the mailbox: Effects of frequency of receipt . Public Opinion Quarterly , 37 : 110 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Rothenbuhler , E.W. 1985 . Programming decision making in popular music radio . Communication Research , 12 : 209 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenbuhler , E.W. 1987 . “ Commercial radio and popular music: Processes of selection and factors of influence ” . In Popular music and communication , Edited by: Lull , J. 78 – 95 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Routt , E. 1985 . “ Music programming ” . In Broadcast/cable programming , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Eastman , S.T. , Head , S.W. and Klein , L. 335 – 360 . Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Saegert , S.C. and Jellison , J.M. 1970 . Effects of initial level of response competition and frequency of exposure on liking and exploratory behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 16 : 553 – 558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saegert , S.C. , Swap , W.C. and Zajonc , R.B. 1973 . Exposure, context, and interpersonal attraction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 25 : 234 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , G.F. and Dorfman , D.D. 1975 . The effect of stimulus uncertainty on the relationship between frequency of exposure and liking . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 31 : 150 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Sowd , D. 1989 . Music research rules radio . The Plain Dealer , May 8 : 13‐A 15‐A
   Google Scholar
• Swanson , G.E. 1978 . Travels through inner space: Family structure and openness to absorbing experiences . American Journal of Sociology , 83 : 891 – 919 .
   Google Scholar
• Sypher , H.E. , Donohew , L. and Higgins , E.T. 1988 . “ An overview of the roles of social cognition and affect in communication ” . In Communication, social cognition, and affect , Edited by: Donohew , L. , Sypher , H.E. and Higgins , E.T. 1 – 8 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Verveer , E.M. , Barry , H. and Bousfield , W.A. 1933 . Change in affectivity with repetition . American Journal of Psychology , 45 : 130 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Voelker , D.H. 1989 . Schema‐triggered affective responses to music: Understanding popular music preferences , Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Watt , J.H. Jr. and Welch , A.J. 1983 . “ Effects of static and dynamic complexity on children's attention and recall of televised instruction ” . In Children's understanding of television: Research on attention and comprehension , Edited by: Bryant , J. and Anderson , D.R. 69 – 102 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe , G. 1940 . The effect of radio plugging on students’ opinions of popular songs . Journal of Applied Psychology , 24 : 721 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Wundt , W. 1904 . Principles of physiological psychology , Edited by: Titchener , E.B. New York : MacMillan . (Original work published 1874)
   Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. 1968 . Attitudinal effects of mere exposure . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph Supplement , 9 ( 2 ) : 1 – 28 . Part 2)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. 1980 . Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences . American Psychologist , 35 : 151 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. , Crandall , R. , Kail , R.V. and Swap , W. 1974 . Effects of extreme exposure frequencies on different affective ratings of stimuli . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 38 : 667 – 678 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. , Markus , H. and Wilson , W.R. 1974 . Exposure effects and associative learning . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 10 : 248 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. and Rajecki , D.W. 1969 . Exposure and affect: A field experiment . Psychonomic Science , 17 (4) : 216 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R.B. , Shaver , P. , Tavris , C. and Van Kreveld , D. 1972 . Exposure, satiation and stimulus discriminability . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 21 : 278 – 280 .
   Google Scholar