2,149
Views
103
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Nonverbal cues and interpersonal judgments: Participant and observer perceptions of intimacy, dominance, composure, and formality

&
Pages 105-124 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

References

  • Abele , A. 1986 . Functions of gaze in social interaction: Communication and monitoring . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 10 : 83 – 101 .
  • Bateson , G. 1958 . Naven , (2nd ed.) , Stanford : Stanford University Press .
  • Bernieri , F.J. , Gillis , J.S. , Davis , J.M. and Grahe , J.E. 1996 . Dyad rapport and the accuracy of its judgment across situations: A lens model analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71 : 110 – 129 .
  • Breed , G. and Ricci , J.S. 1973 . “Touch me, like me”: Artifact? . Proceedings of the 81st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association . 1973 . Vol. 8 , pp. 153 – 154 .
  • Brunswik , E. 1956 . Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Burgoon , J.K. 1991 . Relational message interpretations of touch, conversational distance, and posture . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 15 : 233 – 259 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. 1994 . “ Nonverbal signals ” . In Handbook of interpersonal communication , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Knapp , M.L. and Miller , G.R. 229 – 285 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Baesler , E.J. 1991 . Choosing between micro and macro nonverbal measurement: Application to selected vocalic and kinesic indices . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 15 : 57 – 78 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Dillman , L. 1995 . “ Gender, immediacy, and nonverbal communication ” . In Gender, power, and communication in human relationships , Edited by: Kalbfleisch , P.J. and Cody , M.J. 63 – 81 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Buller , D.B. , Hale , J.L. and deTurck , M.A. 1984 . Relational messages associated with nonverbal behaviors . Human Communication Research , 12 : 495 – 524 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Buller , D.B. and Woodall , W.G. 1996 . Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Coker , D.A. and Coker , R.A. 1986 . Communicative effects of gaze behavior: A test of two contrasting explanations . Human Communication Research , 12 : 495 – 524 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Dillman , L. 1995 . “ Gender, immediacy and nonverbal communication ” . In Gender, power, and communication in human relationships , Edited by: Kalbfleisch , P.J. and Cody , M.J. 63 – 81 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Dunbar , N.E. 1998 . Interpersonal dominance as a situationally, interactionally, and relationally contingent social skill . Paper presented to the Western States Communication Association . February 1998 , Denver.
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Hale , J.L. 1984 . The fundamental topoi of relational communication . Communication Monographs , 51 : 193 – 214 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Hale , J.L. 1987 . Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication . Communication Monographs , 54 : 19 – 41 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Hale , J.L. 1988 . Nonverbal expectancy violations theory: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors . Communication Monographs , 55 : 58 – 79 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Johnson , M.L. and Koch , P.T. 1998 . The nature and measurement of interpersonal dominance . Communication Monographs , 65 : 308 – 335 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Le Poire , B.A. 1993 . Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior . Human Communication Research , 20 : 67 – 96 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Le Poire , B.A. and Rosenthal , R. 1995 . Effects of preinteraction expectancies and target communication on perceiver reciprocity and compensation in dyadic interaction . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 31 : 287 – 321 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Manusov , V. , Mineo , P. and Hale , J.L. 1987 . Effects of eye gaze on hiring, credibility, attraction and relational message interpretation . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 9 : 133 – 146 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. and Newton , D.A. 1991 . Applying a social meaning model to relation message interpretations of conversational involvement: Comparing observer and participant perspectives . Southern Communication Journal , 56 : 96 – 113 .
  • Burgoon , J.K. , Newton , D.A. , Walther , J.B. and Baesler , E.J. 1989 . Nonverbal expectancy violations and conversational involvement . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 13 : 97 – 120 .
  • Cappella , J.N. 1981 . Mutual influence in expressive behavior: Adult‐adult and infant‐adult dyadic interaction . Psychological Bulletin , 89 : 101 – 132 .
  • Cappella , J.N. 1991 . The biological origins of automated patterns of in human interaction . Communication Theory , 1 : 4 – 35 .
  • Canary , D.J. and Spitzberg , B.H. 1990 . Attribution biases and associations between conflict strategies and competence outcomes . Communication Monographs , 57 : 139 – 151 .
  • Coker , D.A. and Burgoon , J.K. 1987 . The nature of conversational involvement and nonverbal encoding patterns . Human Communication Research , 13 : 463 – 494 .
  • Cottrell , N.B. 1972 . “ Social facilitation ” . In Experimental social psychology , Edited by: McClintock , C.G. 185 – 236 . New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
  • DePaulo , B.M. , Stone , J.I. and Lassiter , G.D. 1985 . Telling ingratiating lies: Effects of target sex and target attractiveness on verbal and nonverbal deceptive success . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1191 – 1203 .
  • Friedman , H.S. , Prince , L.M. , Riggio , R.E. and DiMatteo , M.R. 1980 . Understanding and assessing nonverbal expressiveness: The affective communication test . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 333 – 351 .
  • Gifford , R. 1994 . A lens‐mapping framework for understanding the encoding and decoding of interpersonal dispositions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 398 – 412 .
  • Haley , J. 1963 . Marriage therapy . Archives of General Psychiatry , 8 : 213 – 224 .
  • Jackson , D.D. 1959 . “ Family interaction, family homeostasis and some implications for conjoint family psychotherapy ” . In Individual and family dynamics , Edited by: Masserman , J.H. 122 – 141 . New York : Grune and Stratton .
  • Jackson , D.D. 1965 . The study of family . Family Process , 4 : 1 – 20 .
  • Kenny , D.A. 1994 . Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis , New York : Guilford Press .
  • Kellermann , K. 1984 . The negativity effect and its implication for initial interaction . Communication Monographs , 51 : 37 – 55 .
  • Kleinke , C.L. , Meeker , F.B. and LaFong , C. 1974 . Effects of gaze, touch, and use of name on evaluation of “engaged” couples . Journal of Research in Personality , 7 : 368 – 373 .
  • Le Poire , B.A. and Kashy , D. 1997 . Reciprocity and compensation of nonverbal involvement: A social relations approach . Paper presented to the Interpersonal and Small Group Division of the International Communication Association . May 1997 .
  • Major , B. and Heslin , R. 1982 . Perceptions of cross‐sex and same‐sex nonreciprocal touch: It is better to give than to receive . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 6 : 148 – 162 .
  • Mehrabian , A. 1981 . Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotions and attitudes , (2nd ed.) , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Mehrabian , A. and Ksionzky , S. 1972 . Categories of social behavior . Comparative Group Studies , 3 : 425 – 436 .
  • Mehrabian , A. and Williams , M. 1969 . Nonverbal concomitants of perceived and intended persuasiveness . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 13 : 37 – 58 .
  • Street , R.L. Jr. , Mulac , A. and Wiemann , J.M. 1988 . Speech evaluation differences as a function of perspective (participant versus observer) and presentational medium . Human Communication Research , 14 : 333 – 363 .
  • Tickle‐Degnen , L. and Rosenthal , R. 1990 . The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates . Psychological Inquiry , 1 : 285 – 293 .
  • Trout , D.L. and Rosenfeld , H.M. 1980 . The effect of postural lean and body congruence on the judgment of psychotherapeutic rapport . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 4 : 176 – 190 .
  • Walther , J.B. 1992 . Interpersonal effects in computer‐mediated interaction: A relational perspective . Communication Research , 19 : 52 – 90 .
  • Watzlawick , P. , Beavin , J.H. and Jackson , D.D. 1967 . Pragmatics of human communication: A study of the interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes , New York : W.W. Norton .
  • Zahn , G.L. 1973 . Cognitive integration of verbal and vocal information in spoken sentences . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 9 : 320 – 334 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.