References
- Hogg RS, O'shaughnessy MV, Gataric N, et al. Decline in deaths from AIDS due to new antiretrovirals. Lancet. 1997;349:1294.
- Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20:933–956.
- Montaner JS, Lima VD, Harrigan PR, et al. Expansion of HAART coverage is associated with sustained decreases in HIV/AIDS morbidity, mortality and HIV transmission: the “HIV Treatment as Prevention” experience in a Canadian setting. PLoS One. 2014;9:e87872.
- Gallant JE, Staszewski S, Pozniak AL, 903 Study Group, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292:191–201.
- Hazra R, Balis FM, Tullio AN, et al. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:124–129.
- Vigano A, Bedogni G, Manfredini V, et al. Long-term renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in vertically HIV-infected children, adolescents and young adults. Clin Drug Investig. 2011;31:407–415.
- Kearney BP, Flaherty JF, Shah J. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43:595–612.
- Van Gelder J, Deferme S, Annaert P, et al. Increased absorption of the antiviral ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil in rat ileum by inhibiting its intestinal metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000;28:1394–1396.
- Naesens L, Bischofberger N, Augustijns P, et al. Antiretroviral efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:1568–1573.
- Shaw JP, Sueoka CM, Oliyai R, et al. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of novel oral prodrugs of 9-[(R)-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl] adenine (PMPA) in dogs. Pharm Res. 1997;14:1824–1829.
- Ch A, Panduranga Rao K, Rao R. Liver targeted functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for the delivery of tenofovir against hepatitis-B. Liver. 2014;7:668–674.
- Kamboj S, Saini V, Bala S. Formulation and characterization of drug loaded nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) for oral bioavailability enhancement. Sci World J. 2014;2014:959741.
- Pokharkar VB, Jolly MR, Kumbhar DD. Engineering of a hybrid polymer-lipid nanocarrier for the nasal delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: physicochemical, molecular, microstructural, and stability evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015;71:99–111.
- Destache CJ, Mandal S, Yuan Z, et al. Topical tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nanoparticles prevent HIV-1 vaginal transmission in a humanized mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60:3633–3639.
- Ramanathan R, Jiang Y, Read B, et al. Biophysical characterization of small molecule antiviral-loaded nanolipogels for HIV-1 chemoprophylaxis and topical mucosal application. Acta Biomater. 2016;36:122–131.
- Zhang T, Sturgis TF, Youan BB. pH-responsive nanoparticles releasing tenofovir intended for the prevention of HIV transmission. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;79:526–536.
- Ho RJ, Yu J, Li B, et al. Systems Approach to targeted and long-acting HIV/AIDS therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2015;5:531–539.
- Zidan AS, Spinks CB, Habib MJ, et al. Formulation and transport properties of tenofovir loaded liposomes through Caco-2 cell model. J Liposome Res. 2013;23:318–326.
- Shukla RK, Tiwari A. Carbohydrate polymers: applications and recent advances in delivering drugs to the colon. Carbohydr Polym. 2012;88:399–416.
- Harish Prashanth KV1, Tharanathan RN. Crosslinked chitosan – preparation and characterization. Carbohydr Res. 2006;341:169–173.
- Huang WY, Zhang HC, Liu WX, et al. Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012;13:94–102.
- Feng C, Wang Z, Jiang C, et al. Chitosan/o-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for efficient and safe oral anticancer drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm. 2013;457:158–167.
- Liu Y, Wang XQ, Ren WX, et al. Novel albendazole–chitosan nanoparticles for intestinal absorption enhancement and hepatic targeting improvement in rats. J Biomed Mater Res. 2013;101:998–1005.
- Modi J, Joshi G, Sawant K. Chitosan based mucoadhesive nanoparticles of ketoconazole for bioavailability enhancement: formulation, optimization, in vitro and ex vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2013;39:540–547.
- Berger J, Reist M, Mayer JM, et al. Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2004;57:19–34.
- Mi FL, Shyu SS, Lee ST, et al. Kinetic study of chitosan-tripolyphosphate complex reaction and acid-resistive properties of the chitosan-tripolyphosphate gel beads prepared by in-liquid curing method. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys. 1999;37:1551–1564.
- Calvo P, Remuñán-López C, Vila-Jato JL, et al. Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers. J Appl Polym Sci. 1997;63:125–132.
- Ravi PR, Vats R, Dalal V, et al. A hybrid design to optimize preparation of lopinavir loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation with marketed lopinavir/ritonavir coformulation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;66:912–926.
- Food and Drug Administration, HHS. International Conference on Harmonisation; Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV; Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products; availability. Notice. Federal Register. 2003;68:65717.
- Crauste-Manciet S, Decroix MO, Farinotti R, et al. Cefpodoxime-proxetil hydrolysis and food effects in the intestinal lumen before absorption: in vitro comparison of rabbit and human material. Int J Pharm. 1997;157:153–161.
- Li P, Callery PS, Gan LS, et al. Esterase inhibition attribute of grapefruit juice leading to a new drug interaction. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35:1023–1031.
- Ravi PR, Joseph S, Avula US, et al. A simple liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tenofovir in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Acta Chromatogr. 2015;27:597–612.
- Yien L, Zin NM, Sarwar A, Katas H. Antifungal activity of chitosan nanoparticles and correlation with their physical properties. Int J Biomater. 2012;2012:632698.
- Platel A, Carpentier R, Becart E, et al. Influence of the surface charge of PLGA nanoparticles on their in vitro genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, ROS production and endocytosis. J Appl Toxicol. 2016;36:434–444.
- Tariq M, Alam MA, Singh AT, et al. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of epirubicin: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2015;128:448–456.
- Geboers S, Haenen S, Mols R, et al. Intestinal behavior of the ester prodrug tenofovir DF in humans. Int J Pharm. 2015;485:131–137.
- Shailender J, Ravi PR, Saha P, et al. Oral pharmacokinetic interaction of ester rich fruit juices and pharmaceutical excipients with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in male Wistar rats. Xenobiotica. 2017;47:1104–1111.
- Derakhshandeh K, Fathi S. Role of chitosan nanoparticles in the oral absorption of Gemcitabine. Int J Pharm. 2012;437:172–177.
- Ravi PR, Aditya N, Kathuria H, et al. Lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of raloxifene: optimization, stability, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014;87:114–124.
- Budhian A, Siegel SJ, Winey KI. Haloperidol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: systematic study of particle size and drug content. Int J Pharm. 2007;336:367–375.
- Song X, Zhao Y, Wu W, et al. PLGA nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with vincristine sulfate and verapamil hydrochloride: systematic study of particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Int J Pharm. 2008;350:320–329.
- Harush-Frenkel O, Debotton N, Benita S, et al. Targeting of nanoparticles to the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;353:26–32.
- Ma Z, Lim LY. Uptake of chitosan and associated insulin in Caco-2 cell monolayers: a comparison between chitosan molecules and chitosan nanoparticles. Pharm Res. 2003;20:1812–1819.