Performance and water requirement of young olives (Olea europaea L.) in the harsh environment of Kuwait

References

• Annual Statistical Report . 2006 . Annual statistical report , Kuwait : Ministry of Planning, The State of Kuwait .
   Google Scholar
• Aragüés , R , Puy , J , Royo , A and Espada , J L . 2005 . Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation . Plant Soil , 271 : 265 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacelar , E A , Correia , C M , Moutinho-Pereira , J M , Goncalves , B C , Lopes , J I and Torres-Pereira , J M . 2004 . Sclerophylly and leaf anatomical traits of five field-grown olive cultivars growing under drought conditions . Tree Physiol , 24 : 233 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacelar , E A , Moutinho-Pereira , J M , Goncalves , B C , Ferreira , H F and Correia , C M . 2007 . Changes in growth, gas exchange, xylem hydraulic properties and water use efficiency of three cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes . Environ Exp Bot , 60 : 183 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacelar , E A , Santos , D L , Moutinho-Pereira , J M , Goncalves , B C , Ferreira , H F and Correia , C M . 2006 . Immediate responses and adaptative strategies of three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes: changes on structure and chemical composition of foliage and oxidative damage . Plant Sci , 170 : 596 – 605 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barranco , N D , Touzani , A , Cimato , A , Castañeda , A , Fiorino , O , Serafini , F , Rallo , R L and Trujilo , N I . 2000 . Catalogo Mondiale delle varietà di olivo [World catalog of olive varieties] , Madrid , , Spain : International Olive Council .
   Google Scholar
• Ben Ahmed , C , Rouina , B B and Boukhris , M . 2007 . Effects of water deficit on olive trees cv. Chemlali under field conditions in arid region in Tunisia . Sci Hortic Amsterdam , 113 ( 3 ) : 267 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat , N R . Potential utilization of olive trees for greenery and desertification control in Kuwait . Paper presented at: Introduction of olive varieties for greenery and oil production in Kuwait; 2002; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait .
   Google Scholar
• Bhat , N R , Suleiman , M K , Al-Menaie , H , Al-Ali , E , Al-Mulla , L , D'Cruz , G , Bellen , R , Thomas , B and Al-Zalzaleh , M . 2009 . Polyacrylamide polymer and salinity effects on water requirement of Conocarpus lancifolius and some properties of sandy loam soil . Eur J Sci Res , 25 ( 4 ) : 549 – 558 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhat , N R , Suleiman , M K , Al-Menaie , H , Al-Mulla , L , D'Cruz , G , Bellen , R , Thomas , B and Al-Zalzaleh , M . 2008 . Selection of olive varieties for greenery and fruit production in Kuwait: phase I , Kuwait : Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research .
   Google Scholar
• Bhat , N R , Taha , F K , Al-Menaie , H and Al-Zalzaleh , M . 1999 . Response of twenty-four landscape plants species grown under coastal arid climate of Kuwait to irrigation and fertilizer treatments . Res Bull , 82 : 5 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Bosabalidis , A M and Kofidis , G . 2002 . Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars . Plant Sci , 163 : 375 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boussadia , O , Mariem , F B , Mechri , B , Boussetta , W , Braham , M and El Hadj , S B . 2008 . Response to drought of two olive tree cultivars (Koroneki and Meski) . Sci Hortic Amsterdam , 116 : 388 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartzoulakis , K , Michelakis , N and Tzompanakis . 1992 . Effects of water amount and application date on yield and water utilization efficiency of ‘Koroneki’ olives under drip irrigation . HortScience , 6 : 82 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Connor , D J and Fereres , E . 2005 . The physiology of adaptation and yield expression in olive . Hortic Rev , 31 : 155 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowley , M J . 2005 . Statistics: an introduction using R , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Dettori , S , Feligheddu , M R and Schirra , M . 1989 . Yield response of olive to different watering regimes . Irrigazione Drainaggio , 4 : 183 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Dichio , B , Xiloyannis , C , Angelopoulos , K , Nuzzo , V , Bufo , S A and Celano , G . 2003 . Drought induced variations of water relations parameters in Olea europaea . Plant Soil , 257 : 381 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández , J E , Moreno , F , Giron , I F and Blazquez , O M . 1997 . Stomatal control of water use in olive tree leaves . Plant Soil , 190 : 179 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorio , P , Sorrentino , G and d'Andria , R . 1999 . Stomatal behavior, leaf water status and photosynthetic response in field-grown olive trees under water deficit . Environ Exp Bot , 42 ( 2 ) : 95 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldhamer , D A , Dunai , J and Ferguson , L F . 1994 . Irrigation requirements of olive trees and responses to sustained deficit irrigation . Acta Hortic , 356 : 172 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Rico , A , Salvador , M C , Moriana , A , Perez , D , Olmedilla , N , Ribas , F and Fregapane , G . 2007 . Influence of different irrigation strategies in a traditional Cornicabra cv. olive orchard on virgin oil composition and quality . Food Chem , 100 : 568 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucci , R and Tattini , M . 1997 . Salinity tolerance in olive . Hortic Rev , 21 : 177 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Guerfel , M , Baccouri , O , Boujnah , D , Chaïbi , W and Zarrouk , M . 2009 . Impacts of water stress on gas exchange, water relations, chlorophyll content and leaf structure in the two main Tunisian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars . Sci Hortic Amsterdam , 119 : 257 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasraoui , M F , Braham , M , Denden , M , Mehri , H , Garcia , M , Lamaze , T and Attia , F . 2006 . Effect of water deficit on the PSII photochemical phases in two olive tree varieties . CR Biol , 329 ( 2 ) : 98 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , I , Ben-Tal , Y , Lavee , S , Di Malach , Y and David , I . 1994 . Saline irrigation of cv. Manzanillo and Uovo Di Piccione trees . Acta Hortic , 356 : 176 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Little , T M and Hill , F J . 1978 . Agricultural experimentation: design and analysis , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Mancuso , S and Azzarello , E . 2002 . Heat tolerance of olive . Adv Hortic Sci , 16 : 125 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Mangliulo , V , d'Andria , R , Lavivi , A , Morelli , G and Patumi , M . 2003 . Yield and quality of two rainfed olive cultivars following shifting to irrigation . J Hortic Sci Biotech , 78 : 15 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Melgar , J C , Mohamed , Y , Navarro , C , Parra , M A , Benlloch , M and Fernández-Escobar , R . 2008 . Long-term growth and yield responses of olive trees to different irrigation regimes . Agric Water Manage , 95 : 968 – 972 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melgar , J C , Mohamed , Y , Serrano , N , García-Galavís , P A , Navarro , C , Parra , M A , Benlloch , M and Fernández-Escobar , R . 2009 . Long term responses of olive trees to salinity . Agric Water Manage , 96 : 1105 – 1113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton , N and Thomas , D . 1997 . World atlas of desertification , Amold : United Nations Environment Program .
   Google Scholar
• Moriana , A , Perez-Lopez , D , Gomez-Rico , A , Salvador , M D , Olmedilla , N , Ribas , F and Fregapane , G . 2007 . Irrigation scheduling for traditional, low-density olive orchards: water relations and influence on oil characteristics . Agric Water Manage , 87 : 171 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriana , A , Villalobos , F J and Fereres , E . 2002 . Stomatal and photosynthetic responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves to water deficit . Plant Cell Environ , 25 : 395 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motilva , M J , Tovar , M J , Romero , M P , Alegre , S and Girona , J . 2000 . Influence of regulated deficit irrigation strategies applied to olive trees (Arbequina cultivar) on oil yield and oil composition during the fruit ripening period . J Sci Food Agric , 80 : 2037 – 2043 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogues , S and Baker , R N . 2000 . Effects of drought on photosynthesis in Mediterranean plants grown under enhanced UV-B radiation . J Exp Bot , 51 : 1309 – 1317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patumi , M , d'Andria , R , Fontanazza , G , Morelli , G , Giorio , P and Sorrentino , G . 1999 . Yield and oil quality of intensively trained trees of three cultivars of olive (Olea europaea L.) under different irrigation regimes . J Hortic Sci Biotechnol , 74 : 729 – 737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patumi , M , d'Andria , R , Marsilio , V , Fontanazza , G , Morelli , G and Lanza , P . 2002 . Olive and olive oil quality after intensive monocone olive growing (Olea europaea L. cv. Kalamata) in different irrigation regimes . Food Chem , 77 : 27 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Lopez , D , Ribas , F , Moriana , A , Olmedilla , N and de Juan , A . 2007 . The effect of irrigation schedules on the water relations and growth of a young olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard . Agric Water Manage , 89 : 297 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remorini , D , Melgar , J C , Guidi , L , Degl'Innocenti” , E , Castelli , S , Traversi , M L , Massai , R and Tattini , M . 2009 . Interaction effects of root-zone salinity and solar irradiance on the physiology and biochemistry of Olea europea . Environ Exp Bot , 65 : 210 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Santos , F L , Valverde , P C , Ramos , A F , Reis , J L and Castanheira , N L . 2007 . Water use and response of a dry-farmed olive orchard recently converted to irrigation . Biosys Eng , 98 ( 1 ) : 102 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Sofo , A , Dichio , B , Xiloyannis , C and Masia , A . 2004 . Lipoxygenase activity and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of olive tree in response to drought stress . Physiol Plant , 121 : 58 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suleiman , M K , Bhat , N R and Bellen , R R . 2004 . Ornamental plant performance under deficit irrigation . J Appl Hortic , 5 ( 2 ) : 96 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Tognetti , R , d'Andria , R , Lavini , A and Morelli , G . 2006 . The effect of deficit irrigation on crop yield and vegetative development of Olea europaea L. (cvs. Frantoio and Leccino) . Eur J Agron , 25 : 356 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahbi , S , Wakrim , R , Aganchich , A , Tahi , H and Serraj , R . 2005 . Effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on adult tree (Olea europaea) in field conditions under arid climate . Agric Ecosys Environ , 106 ( 2–3 ) : 289 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiesman , Z , Itzhak , D and Ben Dom , N . 2004 . Optimization of saline water level for sustainable Barnea olive and oil production in desert conditions . Sci Hortic Amsterdam , 100 : 257 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younis , M E , El-Shahaby , O A , Abo-Hamed , S A and Ibrahim , A H . 2000 . Effects of water stress on growth, pigments and 14CO2 assimilation in three sorghum cultivars . Agron Crop Sci , 185 ( 2 ) : 73 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar