Density separation of soil organic matter across three land uses in calcareous soils of Iran

References

• Amelung W, Zech W. 1999. Minimization of organic matter disruption during particle-size fractionation of grassland epipedon. Geoderma 92:73–85. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00023-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt. 2016. Determination of organic carbon by combustion and gas analysis. In: Handbook of Agricultural Methods of Experimental and Investigation. German: VDLUFA-Methodenbuch.
   Google Scholar
• Burke IC, Yonker CM, Parton WJ, Cole CV, Flach K, Schimel DS. 1989. Texture, climate, and cultivation effects on soil organic matter content in U.S. grassland soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 53:800–805. doi:10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030029x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambardella CA, Elliott ET. 1992. Particulate soil organic matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 56:777–783. doi:10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600030017x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debasish S, Kukal SS, Sharma S. 2010. Landuse impacts on SOC fractions and aggregate stability in typic ustochrepts of Northwest India. Plant Soil 339:457–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGryze S, Six J, Paustian K, Morris SJ, Paul EA, Merckx R. 2004. Soil organic carbon pool changes following land-use conversions. Global Chang Biol. 10:1120–1132. doi:10.1111/gcb.2004.10.issue-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchaufour P. 2001. Introduction á la science du sol: sol vegetation, environment. Paris: Dunod.
   Google Scholar
• Eswaran H, Reich PF, Kimble JM, Beinroth FH, Padmanabhan E. 2000. Global carbon stocks. In: Kimble JM, Eswaran H, Stewart BA, editors. Global climate change and pedogenic carbonates. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis Publishers; p. 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Franzluebbers AJ, Arshad MA. 1997. Particulate organic carbon content and potential mineralization as affected by tillage and texture. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 61:1382–1386. doi:10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100050014x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzluebbers AJ, Stuedemann JA. 2002. Particulate and non-particulate fractions of soil organic carbon under pastures in the Southern Piedmont USA. Environ Pollut. 116:53–62. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00247-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghani A, Sarathchandra U, Perrott KW, Singleton P, Wardle DA, Dexter BM, Ledgard SF. 1999. Are soil microbialand biochemical indicators sensitive to pastoral soil management? In: Currie LD, Hedley MJ, Home DJ, Loganathan P (editors) Proceedings of the workshop“Best soil management practices for production”; Palmerston North, New Zealand, p. 1105–1116
   Google Scholar
• Golchin A, Clarke P, Oades JM, Skjemstad JO. 1995. The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic matter and structural stability of soils. Aust J Soil Res. 33:59–76. doi:10.1071/SR9950059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golchin A, Oades JM, Skjemstad JO, Clarke P. 1994. Study of free and occluded organic matter in soils by 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Aust J Soil Res. 32:285–309. doi:10.1071/SR9940285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassink J, Whitmore AP. 1997. A model of the physical protection of organic matter in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 61:131–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassink JA, Whitmore P, Kubat J. 1997. Size and density fractionation of soil organic matter and the physical capacity of soils to protect organic matter. Eur J Agron. 7:189–199. doi:10.1016/S1161-0301(97)00045-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heshmati GA. 2007. Vegetation characteristics of four ecological zones of Iran. Int J Plant Prod. 2:215–224.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2000. Land use, land-use change, and forestry. Intergovernmental panel on climate change. UK:Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• ISO 10694. 1995. Soil quality. Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis). Geneva:International Organization for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• John B, Yamashita T, Ludwig B, Flessa H. 2005. Storage of organic carbon in aggregate and density fractions of silty soils under different types of land use. Geoderma 128:63–79. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.12.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser K, Guggenberger G. 2003. Mineral surfaces and soil organic matter. Eur J Soil Sci. 54:219–236. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00544.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khormeli F, Abtahi A, Stoops G. 2006. Micromorphology of calcitic features in highly calcareous soils of fars province, Southern Iran. Catena 132:31–46.
   Google Scholar
• Kölbl A, Kögel-Knabner I. 2004. Content and composition of free and occluded particulate organic matter in a differently textured arable cambisol as revealed by solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 167:45–53. doi:10.1002/jpln.200321185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owliaie HR, Abtahi A, Heck RJ. 2006. Pedogenesis and clay mineralogical investigation of soils formed on gypsiferous and calcareous materials, on a transect, Southwestern Iran. Geoderma 134:62–81. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percival JH, Roger L, Parfitt AS, Neal AS. 2000. Factors controlling soil carbon levels in New Zealand Grasslands: is clay content important? Soil Sci Soc Am J. 64:1623–1630. doi:10.2136/sssaj2000.6451623x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior SA, Reikosky DC, Reeves DW, Runion GB, Raper RL. 2000. Residue and tillage effects on planting implement-induced short-term CO2 and water loss from a loamy sand soil in Alabama. Soil Tillage Res. 54:197–199. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00092-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullemann MM, Six J, van Breemen N, Jongmans AG. 2005. Soil organic matter distribution and microaggregate characteristics as affected by agricultural management and earthworm activity. Eur J Soil Sci. 56:453–467. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00696.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz E, Körschens M. 1998. Characterization of the decomposable part of soil organic matter (SOM) and transformation processes by hot water extraction. Eurasian Soil Sci. 31:809–813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott NA, Cole CV, Elliott ET, Huffman SA. 1996. Soil textural control on decomposition and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 60:1102–1109. doi:10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000040020x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Six J, Callewaert P, Lenders S, De Gryze S, Morris SJ, Gregorich EG, Paul EA, Paustian K. 2002a. Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 66:1981–1987. doi:10.2136/sssaj2002.1981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, Paustian K. 2002b. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil 241:155–176. doi:10.1023/A:1016125726789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Six J, Guggenberger G, Paustian K, Haumaier L, Elliott ET, Zech W. 2001. Sources and composition of soil organic matter fractions between and within soil aggregates. Eur J Soil Sci. 52:607–618. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00406.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodhi GPS, Beri V, Benbi DK. 2009. Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice–wheat system. Soil Tillage Res. 103:412–418. doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohi SP, Mahieu N, Arah JRM, Powlsen DS, Madari B, Gaunt JL. 2001. A procedure for isolating soil organic matter fractions suitable for modeling. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 65:1121–1128. doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.6541121x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparling G, Vojvodic-Vukovic M, Schipper LA. 1998. Hot-water soluble C as a simple measure of labile soil organic matter: the relationship with microbial biomass C. Soil Biol Biochem. 30:1469–1472. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00040-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbore SE, Bonani G, Wölfi W. 1990. The rates of carbon cycling in several soils from AMS 14C of fractionated organic matter. In: Bouwman AF, editor. Soil and the greenhouse effect. NY: John Wiley and Sons; p. 405–414.
   Google Scholar
• Trumbore SE. 1997. Potential responses of soil organic carbon to global environmental change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:8284–8291. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong ZS. 2007. Soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration following the conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage land in northwest China. Soil Tillage Res. 92:181–189. doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusheng Y, Jianfen G, Guangshui C, Yunfeng Y, Ren G, Chengfang L. 2009. Effects of forest conversion on soil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in subtropical China. Plant Soil 323:153–162. doi:10.1007/s11104-009-9921-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann M, Leifeld J, Fuhrer J. 2007. Quantifying soil organic carbon fractions by infrared-spectroscopy. Soil Biol Biochem. 39:224–231. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.07.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zohary M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East, Vol. 1,2. Stuttgart (Germany): Gustav Fischer Verlag.
   Google Scholar