Effect of organic manures and integrated nutrient management on yield potential of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties and on soil properties

References

• Aliyu , L . 2000 . Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on growth, yield and composition of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) . Biol Agric Hortic. , 18 : 29 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amor , F D . 2006 . Growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of sweet pepper plants as affected by the cultivation method . Ann Appl Biol. , 148 : 132 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brumfield , R G , Rimal , A and Reiners , S . 2000 . Comparative cost analyses of conventional, integrated crop management, and organic methods . Hort Tech. , 10 : 785 – 793 .
   Google Scholar
• Casida , L E , Klein , D and Santoro , T . 1964 . Soil dehydrogenase activity . Soil Sci. , 98 : 371 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Cavero , J , Plant , R E , Shennan , C and Friedman , D B . 1997 . Nitrogen dynamics in processing tomatoes under conventional, low input and organic management systems . Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst. , 47 : 271 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , M S , Horwath , W R , Shennan , C and Scow , K M . 1998 . Changes in soil chemical properties resulting form organic and low-input farming practices . Agron J. , 90 : 662 – 671 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick , R P . 1994 . “ Soil enzymatic activities as an indicator of soil quality ” . In Defining soil quality for a sustainable development , Edited by: Doran , J W , Coleman , D C , Bezdicek , D F and Stewart , B A . 107 – 124 . Madisson : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Frankenberger , W T and Dick , W A . 1983 . Relationships between enzyme activities and microbial growth and activity indices in soil . Soil Sci Soc Am J. , 47 : 945 – 951 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke-Snyder , M , Douds , D D , Galvez , L , Phillips , J G , Wagoner , P , Drinkwater , L and Morton , J B . 2001 . Diversity of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present in conventional versus low-input agricultural sites in eastern Pennsylvania, USA . Appl Soil Ecol. , 16 : 35 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez , J , Navarro , P J , Moral , R , Ibora , M R , Palacios , G and Mataix , J . 1996 . Salinity and nitrogen fertilization affecting the macronutrient content and yield of sweet pepper plants . J Plant Nutr. , 19 : 353 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , J C and Musser , W N . 2003 . An economic evaluation of an organic grain rotation with regards to profit and risk , College park, MD : Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland . Working paper 03–10
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G H , Hesterman , O B , Paul , E A , Peters , S E and Janke , R R . 1994 . Fate of legume and fertilizer nitrogen-15 in a long-term cropping experiment . Agron J. , 86 : 910 – 915 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , M L . 1962 . Soil chemical analysis , New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India .
   Google Scholar
• Karlen , D L , Duffy , M D and Colvin , T S . 1995 . Nutrient, labor, energy, and economic evaluations of two farming systems in Iowa . J Prod Ag. , 8 : 540 – 546 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuo , S , Sainju , U M and Jellum , E J . 1997 . Winter cover crop effects on soil organic carbon and carbohydrate in soil . Soil Sci Soc Am J. , 61 : 145 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawlor , K , Knight , B P , Barbosa-Jefferson , V L , Lane , P W , Lilley , A K , Paton , G I , McGrath , S P , O'Flaherty , S M and Hirsch , P R . 2000 . Comparison of methods to investigate microbial populations in soils under different agricultural management . FEMS Microbiol Ecol. , 33 : 129 – 137 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liebhardt , W C , Andrews , R W , Culik , M N , Harwood , R R , Janke , R R , Radke , J K and Rieger-Schwartz , S L . 1989 . Crop production during conversion from conventional to low-input methods . Agron J. , 81 : 150 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacRae , R J , Hill , S B , Mehuys , G R and Henning , J . 1993 . Farm-scale agronomic and economic conversion from conventional to sustainable agriculture . Adv Agron. , 43 : 155 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mader , P , Alfoldi , T , Fließbach , A , Pfiffner , L and Niggli , U . 1999 . “ Agricultural and ecological performance of cropping systems compared in a long-term field trial ” . In Nutrient disequilibria in agroecosystems , Edited by: Smaling , E MA , Oenema , O and Fresco , L O . 247 – 264 . Wallingford, , UK : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Mader , P , Fliebbach , A , Dubois , D , Gunst , L , Fried , P and Niggli , U . 2002 . Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming . Science , 296 : 1694 – 1697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder , C , de Zwart , D , van Wijnen , H J , Schouten , A J and Breure , A M . 2003 . Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming . Func Ecol. , 17 : 516 – 525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nannipieri , P . 1994 . “ The potencial use of soil enzymes as indicators of productivity, sustainability and pollution ” . In Soil biota. Management in sustainable farming systems , Edited by: Pankhurst , C E , Doube , B M , Gupta , V VSR and Grace , P R . 238 – 244 . Melbourne : CSIRO .
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen , M L and Haynes , R J . 1995 . Energy and labour efficiency for three pairs of conventional and alternative mixed cropping (pasture-arable) farms in Canterbury (New Zealand) . Ag Ecosys Environ , 52 : 163 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , S R , Cole , C V , Watanabe , F S and Dean , L A . 1954 . Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture Circular 39 , Washington, DC : USDA .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , J K , Lyons , D J and Kelly , M M . 1993 . Nitrogen uptake and utilisation by bell pepper in subtropical Australia . J Plant Nutr. , 16 : 2055 – 2071 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parham , J , Deng , S , Raun , W and Johnson , G . 2002 . Long-term cattle manure application in soil I. Effect on soil phosphorus levels, microbial biomass C, and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities . Biol Fert Soils. , 15 : 60 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel , D , Hepperly , P , Hanson , J , Douds , D and Seidel , R . 2005 . Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems . Bioscience. , 55 : 573 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poudel , D D , Horwarth , W R , Lanini , W T , Temple , S R and van Bruggen , A HC . 2002 . Comparison of soil N availability and leaching potential, crop yields and weeds in organic, low-input and conventional farming systems in northern California . Agric Eco Environ. , 90 : 125 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reider , C , Herdman , W , Drinkwater , L E and Janke , R . 2000 . Yields and nutrient budgets under composts, raw dairy manure and mineral fertilizer . Compost Sci Util. , 8 : 328 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigby , D and Caceres , D . 2001 . Organic farming and sustainability of agricultural systems . Agric Sys. , 68 : 21 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz , J M , Moreno , D A , Villora , G , Olivares , J , Garcia , P C , Hernandez , J and Romero , L . 2000 . Nitrogen and phosphorous metabolism and yield of capsicum plant (Capsicum annum L. cv. Lamuyo) in response to increases in NK fertilization . Comm Soil Sci Pl Anal. , 31 : 2345 – 2357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , V M . 1991 . Effects of fertilizer rate, application timing and plant spacing on yield and nutrient content of bell pepper . J Plant Nutr. , 14 : 1047 – 1056 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo , V M and Taylor , M J . 2006 . Soil amendments in transition to organic vegetable production with comparison to conventional methods: Yields and economics . HortScience , 41 : 1576 – 1583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabatabai , M A and Bremner , J M . 1969 . Use of p-nitrophenylphosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity . Soil Biol Biochem. , 1 : 301 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabai , M A and Bremner , J M . 1972 . Assay of urease activity in soils . Soil Biol Biochem. , 4 : 479 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Diepeningen , A D , De Vos , O J , Korthals , G W and van Bruggen , A HC . 2006 . Effects of organic versus conventional management on chemical and biological parameters in agricultural soils . Appl Soil Ecol. , 31 : 120 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ved Prakash , Pandey , A K , Singh , R D and Gutpa , H S . 2003 . Integrated weed management in capsicum (Capsicum annuum) under mid-hill conditions of north-western Himalayas . Indian J Agron. , 48 : 139 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkley , A and Black , J A . 1934 . Estimation of soil organic carbon by chromic acid titration method . Soil Sci. , 17 : 29 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Willer , H and Yussefi , M . 2005 . The world of organic agriculture – statistics and emerging trends 2005 , 196 Bonn, , Germany : International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) .
   Google Scholar