Social Dynamics of the Value of Wild Edible Leaves (Imifino) in a South African Rural Area

REFERENCES

• Bank , L. and Minkley , G. 2005 . Going Nowhere Slowly? Land, Livelihoods and Rural Development in the Eastern Cape . Social Dynamics , 31 : 1 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beinart , W. 1982 . The Political Economy of Pondoland 1860 to 1930 , Johannesburg, , South Africa : Ravan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bhat , R. B. and Rubuluza , T. 2002 . The Bio-diversity of Traditional Vegetables of the Transkei Region in the Eastern Cape of South Africa . South African Journal of Botany , 68 : 94 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , R. 1990 . “ Microenvironments Unobserved ” . In Gatekeeper Series, No. 22 , London : IIED .
   Google Scholar
• Chambers , R. 1997 . WhoseRreality Counts?: Putting the First Last , London : Intermediate Technology Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Chambers , R. and Conway , G. 1992 . Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century , Brighton : Institute of Development Studies . IDS Discussion Paper No. 296
   Google Scholar
• Cleaver , F. 2000 . Analysing Gender Roles in Community Natural Resource Management: Negotiation, Lifecourses and Social Inclusion . IDS Bulletin , 31 : 60 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins , B. 1999 . Invisible Capital: The Contribution of Communal Rangelands to Rural Livelihoods in South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 16 : 299 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A. B. 1989 . Herbal Medicine Trade: A Hidden Economy . Indicator SA , 6 : 51 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A. B. 2001 . Applied Ethnobotany: People, Wild Plant Use and Conservation , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism . 2001 . Sustaining Development in South Africa: An Analytical review of Progress Towards Sustainable Development , Pretoria, , South Africa : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
   Google Scholar
• Flyman , M. V. and Afolayan , A. J. 2006a . The Suitability of Wild Vegetables for Alleviating Human Dietary Deficiencies . South African Journal of Botany , 72 : 492 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flyman , M. V. and Afolayan , A. J. 2006b . A Survey of Plants Used as Wild Vegetables in Four Districts of Botswana . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 45 : 405 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandin , B. E. 1988 . Wealth Ranking in Smallholder Communities: A Field Manual , London : Intermediate Technology Publications .
   Google Scholar
• High , C. and Schackleton , C. M. 2000 . The Comparative Value of Wild and Domestic Plants in Home Gardens of a South Africa Rural Village . Agroforestry Systems , 48 : 141 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , M. 1979 . Reaction to Conquest: Effects of Contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa , Cape Town, , South Africa : David Philip . Abridged Edition.
   Google Scholar
• Jansen van Rensburg , W. , Voster , I. H. J. , van Zyl , J. J. B. and Venter , L. S. 2007 . Conservation of African Leafy Vegetables in South Africa . African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development , 7 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Kepe , T. 2008 . Beyond the Numbers: Understanding the Value of Vegetation to Rural Livelihoods in Africa . Geoforum , 39 : 958 – 968 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuckertz , H. 1990 . Creating Order: The Image of the Homestead in Mpondo Social Life , Johannesburg, , South Africa : Witwatersrand University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Levy , L. F. , Weintroub , D. and Fox , F. W. 1936 . The Food Value of Some Common Edible Leaves . South African Medical Journal , 10 : 699 – 707 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey , K. L. , Motsei , M. L. and äger , A. K. J . 2002 . Screening of South African Food Plants for Antioxidant Activity . Journal of Food Science , 67 : 2129 – 2131 .
   Google Scholar
• Mbangata , M. , O’ Connell , M. C. and Johnson , C. T. 1984 . Imifino , Umtata, , South Africa : Transkei Appropriate Technology Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Mhlontlo , S. , Muchaonyerwa , P. and Mkeni , P. N. S. 2007 . Effects of Sheep Kraal Manure on Growth, Dry Matter Yield and Leaf Nutrient Composition of a Local Amaranthus Accession in the Central Region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa . Water SA , 33 : 363 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modi , M. , Modi , A. T. and Hendriks , S. 2007 . Potential Role for Wild Vegetables in Household Food Security: A Preliminary Case Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development , 6 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Nesamvuni , C. , Steyn , N. P. and Potgieter , M. J. 2001 . Nutritional Value of Wild, Leafy Plants Consumed by the Vhavenda . South Africa Journal of Science , 97 : 51 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogle , B. M. and Grivetti , L. E. 1985 . Legacy of the Chameleon: Edible Wild Plants in the Kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa: A Cultural, Ecological, Nutritional Study. Part III – Cultural and Ecological Analysis . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 17 : 31 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , P. E. 1984 . Struggles over Water, Struggles over Meaning: Cattle, Water and the State in Botswana . Africa , 54 : 29 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quin , P. J. 1959 . Food and Feeding Habits of the Pedi , Johannesburg, , South Africa : Witwatersrand University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , E. F. 1972 . Some Observations on the Diet and Farming Practices of the People of the Transkei . South African Medical Journal , 46 : 1353 – 1358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , E. F. and Jacot Guillarmod , A. 1974 . Plants Gathered as Foodstuffs by the Transkeian Peoples . South African Medical Journal , 48 : 1688 – 1690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , J. C. 1985 . Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shanley , B. M. G. and Lewis , O. A. M. 1969 . The Protein Nutritional Value of Wild Plants Used as Dietary Supplements in Natal (South Africa) . Plant Foods in Human Nutrition , 1 : 253 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Slater , R. 2001 . De-industrialisation, Multiple Livelihoods and Identity: Tracking Social Change in Qwaqwa, South Africa . Journal of Contemporary African Studies , 19 : 81 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Wehmeyer , A. S. and Rose , E. R. 1983 . Important Indigenous Plants Used in the Transkei as Food Supplements . Bothalia , 14 : 613 – 615 .
   Google Scholar