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Original Articles

Body mass index and triceps skinfolds in Singaporean Chinese youths

, &
Pages 63-72 | Received 24 Nov 1992, Accepted 29 Jan 1993, Published online: 31 Aug 2010

References

  • Crepaldi , G. , Belfiore , F. , Bosello , O. , Caviezel , F. , Contaldo , F. , Enzi , G. and Melchionda , N. 1991 . Special report: Italian Consensus Conference—overweight, obesity and health . Int. J. Obesity , 15 : 781 – 790 .
  • Cronk , C.E. and Roche , A.F. 1982 . Race and sex‐specific reference data for triceps and subscapular skinfolds and weight/stature2 . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 35 : 347 – 354 .
  • Eveleth , P.B. 1978 . Differences between populations in body shape of children and adolescents . Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. , 49 : 373 – 382 .
  • Fung , K.P. , Lee , J. , Lau , S.P. , Chow , O.K. , Wong , T.W. and Davis , D.P. 1990 . Properties and clinical implications of body mass indices . Arch. Dis. Child. , 65 : 516 – 519 .
  • Garn , S.M. , Leonard , W.R. and Hawthorne , V.M. 1986 . Three limitations of the body mass index . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 44 : 996 – 997 .
  • Hazuda , H.P. , Mitchell , B.D. , Haffner , S.M. and Stern , M.P. 1991 . Obesity in Mexican American subgroups: findings from the San Antonio Heart Study . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 53 (Suppl) : 1529S – 1534S .
  • Ho , S.C. 1990 . Risk factors of obesity among Hong Kong youths . Public Health , 1104 : 249 – 255 .
  • Ho , T.F. 1985 . Childhood obesity in Singapore primary school children: Epidemiological review and anthropometric evaluation . J. Singapore. Paediatric. Soc. , 27 (Suppl 1) : 5 – 40 .
  • Hughes , K. , Yeo , P.P.B. , Lun , K.C. and Thai , A.C. 1990 . Obesity and body mass indices in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore . Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore , 19 (3) : 333 – 338 .
  • Johnston , F.E. , Dechow , P.C. and MacVean , R.B. 1975 . Age changes in skinfold thickness among upper class school children of differing ethnic backgrounds residing in Guatemala . Hum. Biol. , 47 : 251 – 262 .
  • Johnston , F.E. , Paolone , A.N. , Taylor , H.L. and Schell , L.M. 1982 . The relationship of body fat weight, determined densitometrically, to relative weight and triceps skinfold in American youths, 12–17 years of age . Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. , 57 : 1 – 6 .
  • Lohman , T.G. 1981 . Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: A review . Hum. Biol. , 53 : 181 – 225 .
  • Lohman , T.G. , Roche , A.F. and Martorell , R. 1988 . Anthropometric standardization reference manual , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics Books .
  • Lopez , L.M. and Masse , B. 1992 . Comparison of body mass indexes and cutoff points for estimating the prevalence of overweight in Hispanic women . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 92 : 1343 – 1347 .
  • Low , W.D. , Kung , L.S. , Leong , J.C.Y. , Hsu , L. , Fang , D. , Yau , A.C.M.C. and Lisowski , F.P. 1972 . The secular trend in the growth of Southern Chinese girls in Hong Kong . Z. Morph. Anthrop. , 1 : 77 – 88 .
  • Najjar , M.F. and Rowland , M. 1987 . Anthropometric reference data and prevalence of overweight, United States, 1976–80 , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, no. 238. (DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 87–1688) Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Roche , A.F. , Siervogel , R.M. , Chumlea , W.C. and Webb , P. 1981 . Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 34 : 2831 – 2838 .
  • SPSS, Inc. 1986 . “ SPSS‐X. Release 3.1 for IBM VM/CMS ” . Chicago : IL .
  • The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study Research Group . 1992 . Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Black and White girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study . Am. J. Publ. Hlth. , 82 : 1613 – 1620 .
  • Womersley , J. and Durnin , J.V.G.A. 1977 . A comparison of the skinfold method with extent of ‘overweight’ and various weight‐height relationships in the assessment of obesity . Br. J. Nutr. , 38 : 271 – 284 .
  • World Health Organization . 1990 . Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases , (WHO technical report series; 797) 69 – 70 . Geneva : WHO .
  • Yao , Y.L. and Wang , B.J. 1982 . An anthropometric study of school children . Am. J. Publ. Hlth. , 72 (Suppl) : 41 – 42 .
  • Cronk , C.E. and Roche , A.F. 1982 . Race and sex‐specific reference data for triceps and subscapular skinfolds and weight/stature2 . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 35 : 347 – 354 .
  • Eveleth , P.B. 1978 . Differences between populations in body shape of children and adolescents . Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. , 49 : 373 – 382 .
  • Fung , K.P. , Lee , J. , Lau , S.P. , Chow , O.K. , Wong , T.W. and Davis , D.P. 1990 . Properties and clinical implications of body mass indices . Arch. Dis. Child. , 65 : 516 – 519 .
  • Garn , S.M. , Leonard , W.R. and Hawthorne , V.M. 1986 . Three limitations of the body mass index . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 44 : 996 – 997 .
  • Hazuda , H.P. , Mitchell , B.D. , Haffner , S.M. and Stern , M.P. 1991 . Obesity in Mexican American subgroups: findings from the San Antonio Heart Study . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 53 (Suppl) : 1529S – 1534S .
  • Ho , S.C. 1990 . Risk factors of obesity among Hong Kong youths . Public Health , 1104 : 249 – 255 .
  • Ho , T.F. 1985 . Childhood obesity in Singapore primary school children: Epidemiological review and anthropometric evaluation . J. Singapore. Paediatric. Soc. , 27 (Suppl 1) : 5 – 40 .
  • Hughes , K. , Yeo , P.P.B. , Lun , K.C. and Thai , A.C. 1990 . Obesity and body mass indices in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore . Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore , 19 (3) : 333 – 338 .
  • Johnston , F.E. , Dechow , P.C. and MacVean , R.B. 1975 . Age changes in skinfold thickness among upper class school children of differing ethnic backgrounds residing in Guatemala . Hum. Biol. , 47 : 251 – 262 .
  • Johnston , F.E. , Paolone , A.N. , Taylor , H.L. and Schell , L.M. 1982 . The relationship of body fat weight, determined densitometrically, to relative weight and triceps skinfold in American youths, 12–17 years of age . Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. , 57 : 1 – 6 .
  • Lohman , T.G. 1981 . Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: A review . Hum. Biol. , 53 : 181 – 225 .
  • Lohman , T.G. , Roche , A.F. and Martorell , R. 1988 . Anthropometric standardization reference manual , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics Books .
  • Lopez , L.M. and Masse , B. 1992 . Comparison of body mass indexes and cutoff points for estimating the prevalence of overweight in Hispanic women . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 92 : 1343 – 1347 .
  • Low , W.D. , Kung , L.S. , Leong , J.C.Y. , Hsu , L. , Fang , D. , Yau , A.C.M.C. and Lisowski , F.P. 1972 . The secular trend in the growth of Southern Chinese girls in Hong Kong . Z. Morph. Anthrop. , 1 : 77 – 88 .
  • Najjar , M.F. and Rowland , M. 1987 . Anthropometric reference data and prevalence of overweight, United States, 1976–80 , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, no. 238. (DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 87–1688) Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Roche , A.F. , Siervogel , R.M. , Chumlea , W.C. and Webb , P. 1981 . Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 34 : 2831 – 2838 .
  • SPSS, Inc. 1986 . “ SPSS‐X. Release 3.1 for IBM VM/CMS ” . Chicago, IL
  • The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study Research Group . 1992 . Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Black and White girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study . Am. J. Publ. Hlth. , 82 : 1613 – 1620 .
  • Womersley , J. and Durnin , J.V.G.A. 1977 . A comparison of the skinfold method with extent of ‘overweight’ and various weight‐height relationships in the assessment of obesity . Br. J. Nutr. , 38 : 271 – 284 .
  • World Health Organization . 1990 . Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases , (WHO technical report series; 797) 69 – 70 . Geneva : WHO .
  • Yao , Y.L. and Wang , B.J. 1982 . An anthropometric study of school children . Am. J. Publ. Hlth. , 72 (Suppl) : 41 – 42 .

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