63
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gathered produce in Zimbabwe's communal areas changing resource availability and use

Pages 163-193 | Received 04 Oct 1993, Accepted 25 Jul 1994, Published online: 31 Aug 2010

Bibliography

  • Abel , N.O.J. , Drinkwater , M.J. , Ingram , J. , Okafor , J. and Prinsley , R. 1989 . “ Agroforestry for Shurugwi, Zimbabwe: Report of an Appraisal Exercise for Agroforestry Research and Extension ” . Commonwealth Science Council Technical Paper, 277, Series Number CSC (89) AGR‐14
  • Acheson , K.J. , Campbell , I.T. , Edholm , O.G. , Miller , D.S. and Stock , M.J. 1980 . The measurement of food and energy intake in man—an evaluation of some techniques . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 33 : 1147 – 54 .
  • Agritex . Agroforestry Resource Manual Harare, , Zimbabwe (n.d.)
  • Alexander , I.J. 1987 . Biosystematics and ecology of ecotomycorrhizas in the leguminosae . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens ,
  • Alexander , I.J. and Hogberg , P. 1986 . Ecotomycorrhizas of tropical angiospermous trees . New Phytologist , 102 : 541 – 49 .
  • Allan , L. 1983 . Nutritional education in Zimbabwe, 1970–81 . Central African Journal of Medicine , 29 (3) : 21 – 34 .
  • Balderamma , S. , Fenta , T. , Hussein , A. , Jackson , C. , Midre , M. , Scott , C. , Vasquez , C. and de Vos , J. Farming System Dynamics and Risk in a Low Potential Area: Chivi South, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe . International Course for Development Oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA) . Wageningen, , The Netherlands : Bulletin 27 .
  • Barakat , M.R. , Beaton , G.H. and Bengoa , J.M. 1976 . Nutrition in Preventive Medicine: The Major Deficiency Syndromes, Epidemiology‐and Approaches to Control , Geneva : World Health Organization .
  • Booth , A.H. 1960 . Small Mammals of West Africa , London : Longmans .
  • Bundy , C. 1979 . The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry , London : James Currey .
  • Callear , D. 1984 . Land and food in Wedza communal area . Zimbabwe Agricultural Journal , 81 : 163 – 168 .
  • Campbell , B.M. 1987 . The use of wild fruits in Zimbabwe . Economic Botany , 41 : 375 – 385 .
  • Campbell , B.M. and Du Toit , R.F. 1988 . “ Small‐scale vegetation pattern and nutrient cycling in Miombo woodland ” . In Vegetation Structure in Relation to Carbon and Nutrient Economy , Edited by: Verhoeven , J.T.A. , Heil , G.W. and Werger , M.J.A. 69 – 85 . The Hague, , The Netherlands : SPB Academic Publishing .
  • Campbell , B.M. , Clarke , J. and Gumbo , D.J. 1991a . Traditional agroforestry practices in Zimbabwe . Agroforestry Systems , 14 : 99 – 111 .
  • Campbell , B.M. , Vermeulen , S.J. and Lynam , T. 1991b . Value of Trees in the Small‐Scale Farming Sector of Zimbabwe , Ottawa : International Development Research Centre .
  • Caron , P. , Fandohan , S. , Grewal , H.S. , Flach , B. , Salafu , A.B. and Jackson , C. 1988 . Household Reproduction and Community Requirements: Analysis of the Agroecosystems of South Chirumanzu Communal Area, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe , Wageningen, , The Netherlands : ICRA .
  • Coates , Palgrave K. 1984 . Trees of Southern Africa , South Africa : C. Struik .
  • CSO. 1984 . Report on Demographic Socio‐Economic Survey. Communal Lands of Midlands Province 1983–4. Central Statistics Office , Harare, , Zimbabwe : Government Printer .
  • Delaney , M.J. 1983 . “ Rodents and lagomorphs ” . In Tropical Savannas , Edited by: Bourliere , F. 363 – 100 . Amsterdam, , The Netherlands : Elsevier .
  • Delaney , M.J. and Kansiimeruhanga , W.D.K. 1970 . Observations on the ecology of rodents from a small arable plot near Kampala, Uganda . Review of Zoology and Botany in Africa , 81 : 418 – 25 .
  • Dept. of Meteorological Services . 1981 . Climatic Handbook of Zimbabwe , Harare, , Zimbabwe : Government Printer .
  • Dewey , K.G. 1979 . Commentary: agricultural development, food and nutrition . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 8 : 265 – 273 .
  • De Wees , P.A. 1989 . The woodfuel crisis reconsidered: observations on the dynamics of abundance and scarcity . World Development , 17 (8) : 1159 – 1172 .
  • De Wees , P.A. Household economy, trees and woodland resources in communal areas of Zimbabwe . Background paper prepared for the National Policy Review for Forestry and Trees . Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe .
  • Doughty , J. 1979 . Commentary: dangers of reducing the range of food choice in developing countries . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 8 : 275 – 283 .
  • Drinkwater , M. 1988 . The state and agrarian change in Zimbabwe's communal areas: an application of critical theory , UK : University of East Anglia . PhD thesis
  • Duncan , J.R. 1933 . Native foods and culinary methods . Native Affairs Department Annual , 11 : 101 – 6 .
  • Du Toit , R.F. , Campbell , B.M. , Haney , R.A. and Dore , D. 1984 . Wood Usage and Tree Planting in Zimbabwe's Communal Lands , Harare, , Zimbabwe : Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe and the World Bank .
  • Dye , P.J. and Spear , P.T. 1982 . The effects of brush clearing and rainfall variability on grass yield and composition in south‐west Zimbabwe . Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research , 20 : 103 – 118 .
  • Dye , P.J. and Walker , B.H. 1980 . Vegetation‐environment relations in sodic soils of Zimbabwe . Journal of Ecology , 68 : 589 – 606 .
  • Fleuret , A. 1979 . The role of wild forage plants in the diet. A case study from Tanzania . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 8 : 87 – 93 .
  • Fleuret , P. and Fleuret , A. 1980 . Nutrition, consumption and agricultural change . Human Organization , 39 (3) : 250 – 260 .
  • Fox , F.W. 1966 . Studies on the Chemical Composition of Foods Used in Southern Africa , Johannesburg : South Africa Institute for Research .
  • Frost , P. , Medina , E. , Menaut , J.C. , Solbrig , D. , Swift , M. and Walker , B. 1986 . Responses of Savannas to Stress and Disturbance: A Proposal for a Collaborative Programme of Research , Special Issue, No. 10 IUBS/UNESCO MAB, Biology International .
  • Gelfand , M. 1971 . Diet and Tradition in an African Culture , UK : Edinburgh University Press .
  • Gomez , M.I. 1988 . A resource inventory of indigenous traditional foods in Zimbabwe . Zambezia , 15 : 53 – 73 .
  • Grandin , B. 1988 . “ Wealth Ranking in Smallholder Communities: A Field Manual ” . London : Intermediate Publications .
  • Gumbo , D.J. , Mukamuri , B.B. , Muzondo , M.I. and Scoones , I.C. 1990 . “ Indigenous and exotic fruit trees: Why do people want to grow them? ” . In Agroforestry for Sustainable Production: Economic Implications , Edited by: Prinsley , R. 185 – 214 . London, , UK : Commonwealth Science Council .
  • Hanan , Fr. M. 1974 . The Standard Shona Dictionary , Harare, , Zimbabwe : The Literature Bureau, College Press .
  • Hardin , G. 1968 . The tragedy of the commons . Science , 162 : 1243 – 1248 .
  • Hill , P. 1972 . Rural Hausa: A Village and a Setting , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Huntley , B.J. 1982 . “ Southern African Savannas ” . In Ecology of Tropical Savannas , Edited by: Huntley , B.J. and Walker , B.H. 101 – 109 . New York, , USA : Springer Verlag . Ecological Studies 42
  • IIED . 1989 . “ Wealthranking ” . In Rapid Rural Appraisal Notes , London, , UK : International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) .
  • Ingram , J. Wetlands in Drylands: The Agroecology of Savanna Systems in Africa . Part II: Soil and Water Processes . London, , UK : International Institute for Environment and Development .
  • Jackson , A.P. 1953 . Ample food without ploughing . Native Affairs Department Annual , 31 : 62 – 66 .
  • Johns , T. and Kokwaro , J.O. 1991 . Food plants of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya . Economic Botany , 45 (1) : 103 – 114 .
  • Johnson , E.J. and Johnson , T.J. 1976 . Economic plants in a Nigerian market . Economic Botany , 30 : 375 – 381 .
  • Kay , G. 1964 . Chief Kalaba's village: A preliminary survey of economic life in an Ushi village, Northern Rhodesia Rhodes‐Livingstone Papers, No. 35
  • Kizita , M. 1982 . Development of nutrition centres in Musami and Chamachinda wards . Central African Journal of Medicine , 28 : 195 – 6 .
  • Levi , H. , Bevin , M. , Rapport , S. and Mitchell , D. 1985 . A Field Guide to the Mushrooms of South Africa , Cape Town : C. Struik .
  • Madovi , P.B. 1981 . Food handling in Shona villages in Zimbabwe . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 111 : 133 – 144 .
  • Malaise , F.P. 1978 . The Miombo Ecosystem. Tropical Forest Ecosystems: A State of Knowledge Report , 589 – 606 . Paris : UNESCO .
  • Malaise , F. and Parent , G. 1985 . Edible wild vegetable products in the Zambezian woodland area: a nutritional and ecological approach . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 18 : 43 – 82 .
  • McGregor , J. 1991 . Ecology, policy and ideology: an historical study of woodland use and change in Zimbabwe's communal areas , UK : Loughborough University of Technology . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • McGregor , J. 1993 . “ Refugees and the environment ” . In Geography and Refugees: Patterns and Processes of Change , Edited by: Black , R. and Robinson , V. 157 – 171 . UK : Belhaven .
  • McGregor , J. 1994 . Woodland pattern and structure in a peasant farming area of Zimbabwe: ecological determinants and present and past use . Forest Ecology and Management , 63 (2–3) : 97 – 133 .
  • McNaughton , S.J. 1983 . Serengeti grassland ecology: the role of composite environmental factors and contingency in community organisation . Ecological Monographs , 53 : 291 – 320 .
  • Nurse , G.T. 1975 . Seasonal hunger among the Ngoni and Ntumba of Central Malawi . Africa , 45 : 1 – 11 .
  • Ogle , B.M. and Grivetti , L.E. 1985a . Legacy of the chameleon: edible wild plants in the kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa. A cultural, ecological, nutritional study. Part two. Demographics, species availability and dietary use, analysis by ecological zone . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 17 : 1 – 30 .
  • Ogle , B.M. and Grivetti , L.E. 1985b . Legacy of the chameleon. Part three. Culturel and ecological analysis . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 17 : 31 – 40 .
  • Ogle , B.M. and Grivetti , L.E. 1985c . Legacy of the chameleon. Part four. Nutritional analysis and conclusions . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 17 : 41 – 67 .
  • Oliviera , J.A. and De Carvalho , M.F. 1975 . Nutritional value of some edible leaves used in Mozambique . Economic Botany , 29 : 255 – 63 .
  • Palmer , R. and Parsons , P. 1977 . The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa , London, , UK : Heineman .
  • Parent , G. and Thoen , D. 1977 . Food value of edible mushrooms from Upper Shaba region . Economic Botany , 31 : 436 – 45 .
  • Pellett , P. 1991 . Commentary: Nutrition, sustainable development and the environment . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 26 (3) : 187 – 201 .
  • Peters , C.R. , Maguire , B. and Box , E.O. 1984 . Plant types and seasonality of wild‐plant foods, Tanzania to Southwestern Africa: resources for models of the natural environment . Journal of Human Evolution , 13 : 397 – 414 .
  • Quin , P.J. 1959 . Foods and feeding habits of the Pedi: with special reference to identification, classifications, preparation and nutritional value of the respective foods , South Africa : University of Witwatersrand . PhD thesis
  • Ranger , T. 1978 . Growing from the roots: reflections on peasant research in central and southern Africa . Journal of Southern African Studies , 5 (1) : 99 – 133 .
  • Ranger , T. 1985 . Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe , London, , UK : James Currey .
  • Richards , A. 1939 . Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia: An Economic Study of the Bemba Tribe , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Sanders , D. 1982 . The origins of malnutrition in Zimbabwe . Central African Journal of Medicine , 28 : 186 – 91 .
  • Scholtz , C.H. 1982 . Trophic ecology of lepidoptera larvae associated with woody vegetation in a savanna ecosystem . South Africa National Science Programme Report , 55 : 1 – 29 .
  • Scoones , I.C. 1990 . Livestock populations and the household economy: a case study from southern Zimbabwe , UK : University of London . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Scudder , T. 1971 . Gathering among African woodland savannah cultivators . Zambian Papers , 5 : 316 – 24 .
  • Shepherd , G. 1992 . Managing Africa's Tropical Dry Forests: A Review of Indigenous Methods , Agricultural Occasional Paper, 14 London, , UK : Overseas Development Institute .
  • Thompson , B.P. 1954 . Two studies in African nutrition: an urban and a rural community in northern Rhodesia . Rhodes‐Livingstone Papers , 24 : 77 – 86 .
  • Todd , K.S. , Hudes , M. and Calloway , D.H. 1983 . Food intake measurements: problems and approaches . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 37 : 139 – 46 .
  • Tredgold , M.H. 1986 . Food Plants of Zimbabwe With Old and New Ways of Preparation , Zimbabwe : Mambo Press .
  • UNICEF/Government of Zimbabwe . 1985 . Women and Children in Zimbabwe: A Situation Analysis , Harare, , Zimbabwe : UNICEF .
  • Vincent , V. and Thomas , R.G. 1961 . An Agricultural Survey of Southern Rhodesia , Salisbury, , Zimbabwe : Government Printer . Part One, Agro‐ecological Survey
  • Waldman , E. 1975 . The ecology of the nutrition of the Pedi . Ecology of Food and Nutrition , 4 : 139 – 151 .
  • Wehmeyer , A.S. 1966 . The nutrient composition of some edible wild fruits found in the Transvaal . South African Medical Journal , 40 : 1102 – 4 .
  • Wehmeyer , A.S. , Lee , R.B. and Whiting , M. 1969 . The nutrient composition and dietary importance of some vegetable foods eaten by the !Kung bushmen . South African Medical Journal , 43 : 1529 – 30 .
  • Whitsun Foundation . 1981 . Rural Afforestation Study Harare, , Zimbabwe
  • Whitlow , J.R. 1980 . Deforestation in Zimbabwe , University of Zimbabwe . Supplement to Zambezia
  • Wild , H. 1972 . “ Rhodesian Botanical Dictionary of African and English Plant Names ” . In Government Printer Edited by: Biegel , H. and Mavi , S . Salisbury, , Southern Rhodesia Revised and enlarged by
  • Wilson , K.B. 1987 . Research on trees in the Mazvihwa and surrounding areas Zimbabwe Unpublished paper prepared for ENDA
  • Wilson , K.B. 1989 . Trees in fields in southern Zimbabwe . Journal of Southern African Studies , 15 (2) : 369 – 383 .
  • Wilson , K.B. , Cammack , D. and Shumba , F. 1989 . “ Food Provisioning Amongst Mozambicans in Malawi ” .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.